Whiteboard Int Ii-3 Jov - Class 4P - November 2022

INT II-3 JOV | CLASS 4P | NOVEMBER 2022
INT II-3 READING BOOK

BOOK 1:
BOOK 2: INT II-3 GRAMMAR BOOK
EXAM DAY 1 EXAM DAY 2
Monday, November 28, 2022 Tuesday, November 29, 2022
HOLIDAY
Grades will be posted on November 30th at 5pm. To check your grade, please
follow the link and input the password.
Las notas se publicarán el 30 de noviembre a las 5pm. Para ver su nota, favor de
hacer clic en el link e introducir la contraseña.
LINK: https://maximoingles.com/bailey/
PASSWORD: bailey157
Remember: You can access this Whiteboard material and use the Student Book and
Workbook links above during non-class hours. Please complete all readings and assignments
to get the most from your Maximo Nivel curriculum. :)
Recuerden: Durante horas de no clases, tienen acceso a esta pantalla de Whiteboard y también el
Student Book y el Workbook links que se encuentran más arriba. Por favor, complete todos
lecturas y tareas asignadas para recibir los beneficios máximos de sus estudios con Máximo Nivel.
:)
1
MONDAY 28 & TUESDAY 29 NOVEMBER 2022
OBJECTIVE: VOCABULARY:
Welcome to class! To finish, check the box ‘Yo confirmo…’ to receive

the ‘Submit’ option
● Turn on microphone and screen
If the screen responds ‘Felicidades’, then you are
done.
● Receive link and password in chat
Contact ingles@maximonivel.com to schedule an
● Select Matthew as your teacher exam retake.
Good luck!
HOMEWORK:
● Exam day 2 Tuesday
Al finalizar, pones chequeo a ‘Yo confirmo…’ para

● Poner el micrófono y pantalla recibir el botón ‘Entregar’
● Recibir link y contraseña en chat
● Seleccionar su profesor Matthew Si la pantalla responde ‘Felicidades’, ya está todo
finalizado.
Buena suerte!
Contacte ingles@maximonivel.com para una cita si
necesitas tomar el examen otro día.
Smile of the day
2
FRIDAY 25 NOVEMBER 2022
● Welcome to class! Recycle all vocabulary from this month

● Vocabulary review
● Current event
● Final Exam review
HOMEWORK:
● Study all Whiteboard material material for final exam
3
Question of the day: What are your plans for the weekend?
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
My plans for the weekend are to study for my exams, watch some world
cup matches and rest a bit.
Valentino
My plans for the weekend are just relaxing and watching some movies.
I also will watch some matches of the World Cup.
Emmanuel My plan for this weekend is to study very, very much for the English exam.
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
Happy Friday! This weekend my son and I are returning to the beach. It’s
Matt
his last weekend before he goes home, and that’s our favorite thing to do.
It’s kind of a far drive, but we’ll stay overnight at a hotel Saturday night,
so it’s worth it.
Far - long way away

It’s worth it - vale la pena
Smile of the Day
4
Vocabulary
Psychology - the science

Psychologist - the doctor
5
Nuts - peanuts, almonds, walnuts, cashews
‘Just plain nuts’ - just crazy, nothing else
Bender says - “Nutso, nutso!”
Plain - opposite of lots of flavor or detail, only, nothing more
Medium height, or we say average height

Average = mathmatical term (middle)
Bunch - many, a lot, a group

Desert - where there is no rain and sand
Dessert - cake or ice cream
Tedious = long and boring = final exam review
Necessities = essentials
Creating verbal test answers:
Intro sentence - make a statement (hypothesis), list 3 subtopics

Discuss topic 1, give detail
Conclusion - restate introduction
Playa Hermosa is my favorite place to visit because 1) water and sand, 2) fun and
relaxing, there is swimming in the beach or in the pool.
1) Water is warm and the sand clean….
2)
3)
Creating written answers:
2 lines of hello
2 lines of describing the problem
2 or 3 pieces of advice (2 lines each)
6
1 line conclusion
Write a dialogue of giving advice to a friend, for these problems:
1. Your friend wants to quit high school and work in construction. You know he
is smart enough to easily graduate.
Dulce: Hi Luisa, how are you?

Luisa: Hi Dulce, I am worried.
Dulce: What happened, why are you worried?
Luisa: Because I have to leave school to work, I need some money.
Dulce: Maybe you could work and study at the same time.
Luisa: I don’t think so, it’s tiring to work and study.
Dulce: I heard that you can study online from home now, maybe that would
work?
Luisa: That’s good idea, I’ll have consider it and do some research.
Dulce: Yes, it’s so important to graduate.
Current event 11/25/22
CNETllowView Profile
There's One Clear Choice for the Oxford Word

of the Year
7
Story by Mark Serrels • Yesterday 7:29 PM
T he Oxford word of the year is usually chosen by editorial staff at the
various different editions of the Oxford Dictionary, but this year they are
making a huge mistake. They are allowing the public to vote for the word of the
year. My many years of experience on the internet tell me this is a bad idea.
Thankfully, it's not a free-for-all. Instead, we've been given a choice between
three terms.
Those words are...
8
● Metaverse
● #IStandWith
● Goblin Mode
As you can see, I've made my choice. Oxford Dictionary© Provided by CNET
Ubiquitous = non-specific, deviated from it’s original meaning
9
Metaverse is... well the metaverse. If you're on CNET, a technology site, you
most likely understand what that means and how ubiquitous it has become as
a term this year. #IStandWith is a hashtag designed to help with solidarity for
certain causes on social media.
Goblin Mode is... well.
Goblin Mode, according to dictionary.com is a "slang term for a way of

behaving that intentionally and shamelessly gives in to and indulges in base
habits and activities without regard for adhering to social norms or
expectations."
Shameless - not embarrassed about anything
Indulge - give in to desires
Mode - how you are sometimes
Basically when people go "Goblin Mode" all bets are off. They're at home, not
showering, still wearing pyjamas at 5pm, eating chocolate and chips for dinner.
It's a form we've all taken, particularly over the past few years.
The phrase has technically been around since 2009, but has come to life in
2022 since, well, we're all going a bit Goblin Mode really.
And this is why I'm following the example of PC Gamer and saying, folks, it is
time to vote for Goblin Mode. It is the clear winner and most obvious choice.
10
The metaverse is lame and is partly to blame for Meta reporting its first ever
revenue drop this year. #IStandWith is a hashtag and is not a real word.
Hashtags suck by default, I am sorry. Voting ends on Friday 2 Dec.
Goblin Mode people. It's the only real choice. No other word quite captures the
zeitgeist like Goblin Mode. It is who we are now.
It is our truth. Vote for Goblin Mode.
Zeitgeist - the common atmosphere, the common feeling or experience
Current event 11/24/22
USA TODAYllowView Profile
What are Donald Trump's latest legal

challenges? Special counsel, new suit over alleged
assault and more
Story by Bart Jansen, USA TODAY • 1h ago
11
WASHINGTON – Former president Donald Trump’s legal challenges took no
holiday during the last week.
Here is a summary of the key developments since last Friday:
● A special counsel was appointed to investigate Trump’s role in the

Capitol attack on Jan. 6, 2021, and transfer of government documents
to Mar-a-Lago once he left the White House.
● The Supreme Court refused to prevent the release of Trump's tax
returns to a House panel that has sought them for years.
● A woman who accuses Trump of sexual assault decades ago filed
another civil lawsuit against him.
● A criminal tax fraud trial involving two Trump companies is nearly
concluded.
● Lawyers for Trump and the Justice Department argued about whether
a special master was needed to review 11,000 documents seized at
Mar-a-Lago.
Attack on the capitol
Stolen classified documents
12
His tax records are now publicly available
Sexual harrassment lawsuit
Start the day smarter. Get all the news you need in your inbox each morning.
Looking ahead, the House committee investigating the Capitol attack is

scheduled to release its final report in December.
Here’s what we know about Trump’s legal challenges:
Longtime prosecutor Jack Smith named as special

counsel to investigate Trump
Attorney General Merrick Garland appointed longtime prosecutor Jack Smith

as special counsel on Nov. 18. The move is aimed at providing an independent
eye toward the investigation of Trump, who declared three days earlier that he
would run for president again.
13
Smith is a former chief of the Justice Department's Public Integrity Section and
has been serving as a war crimes prosecutor at the International Criminal
Court in The Hague, Netherlands.
Trump has blasted the inquiry as partisan and unjustified. Some Republicans
criticized Smith as overzealous, including former Virginia Gov. Bob McDonnell
and Rep. Jim Jordan of Ohio. Trump’s political action committee promoted
their comments.
US attorney general Merrick Garland appoints a 'special counsel' over Trump criminal investigations© Provided by
USA TODAY
14
But Garland said the move was warranted.
"I strongly believe that the normal processes of this department can handle all
investigations with integrity," Garland said. "And I also believe that appointing a
special counsel at this time is the right thing to do. The extraordinary
circumstances presented here demand it."
House panel wins access to Trump tax returns
The Supreme Court declined on Tuesday a request from Trump to block the
release of six years of his tax returns to the House Ways and Means
Committee, which governs tax policy.
Democrats in 2019 sought copies of his returns from the Treasury Department
after Trump flouted tradition by declining to release them as a candidate in
2016. Democrats questioned whether his administration’s policies may have
benefited Trump financially.
15
Rep. Richard Neal, D-Mass.© Andrew Harnik, AP
Republicans complained there was no legislative purpose to seeking the

returns. But Rep. Richard Neal, D-Mass., the committee chairman, said the
case affirmed the principle of congressional oversight over the executive
branch.
“Since the Magna Carta, the principle of oversight has been upheld, and today
is no different,” Neal said. “This rises above politics, and the committee will
16
now conduct the oversight that we’ve sought for the last three and a half
years.”
E. Jean Carroll files battery lawsuit against Trump
E. Jean Carroll, who was already suing Trump for defamation, filed another
federal lawsuit Thursday accusing him of battery and defamation for allegedly
raping her about 27 years ago in a Bergdorf Goodman store.
Carroll filed the latest case under a New York state law called the Adult
Survivors Act, which opened a one-year window for survivors of sexual assault
to sue their alleged abusers no matter how long ago the attack occurred.
Trump issued a statement in June 2019 denying the incident and accusing
Carroll of publicizing the case in order to sell copies of her memoir.
17
E. Jean Carroll leaves the Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse following a hearing in her
defamation lawsuit against Trump, on Wednesday, Oct. 21, 2020, in New York.© John Minchillo, AP
Trump was questioned under oath in the defamation lawsuit in October after
his attorneys had tried to block or delay the deposition.
"This case is nothing more than a political ploy like many others" against
Trump, his lawyer Alina Habba said at the time.
Ploy = plot, a political manipulation
18
Criminal trial for two Trump companies
The tax-fraud trial is nearly concluded against two Trump companies, which
are accused of providing company-paid perks to top executives who could then
avoid paying taxes.
Allen Weisselberg, the company's onetime chief financial officer who has
pleaded guilty to taking $1.7 million in off-the-books compensation, testified
that the former president’s son, Eric Trump, raised his pay $200,000 after an
internal audit spurred by Trump's 2016 election found that he'd been reducing
his salary and bonuses by the cost of the perks.
Off-the-books = no written records
The raises boosted Weisselberg's annual pay to $1.14 million, extra cash he
said he used to pay for things Trump and the company previously covered: rent
on a Manhattan apartment, Mercedes-Benz cars for him and his wife, and
tuition for his grandchildren.
Trump is not charged in the criminal case and has not been in court for the
trial.
19
Former CFO Allen Weisselberg leaves the courtroom for a lunch recess during a trial at the New York Supreme
Court on November 17, 2022, in New York City.© Michael M. Santiago, Getty Images
The tax fraud case is the only trial so far to arise from the Manhattan district
attorney's three-year investigation of Trump and his business practices. If
convicted, the companies could be fined more than $1 million and face
difficulty making deals.
20
Lawyers debate need for special master to review
Mar-a-Lago documents
Lawyers for Trump and the Justice Department spent Tuesday sparring over
the special master assigned to review 11,000 documents seized at
Mar-a-Lago.
FBI agents seized the records as part of a criminal investigation searching for
evidence of violations of the Espionage Act or obstruction of justice. The
special master, U.S. District Judge Raymond Dearie, is helping to determine
whether investigative use of the documents should be blocked if they are
personal records or fall under attorney-client or executive privilege.
But the Justice Department contends the review wasn’t necessary. A

three-judge panel of theU.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit is weighing
whether to overturn U.S. District Judge Aileen Cannon’s order authorizing the
special master.
During the Tuesday hearing, judges questioned Trump’s challenge to the

Mar-a-Lago search, saying the time to prevent their use in laying the
foundation for any potential criminal charges against him would be after
charges are filed.
21
Contributing: Kevin McCoy, John Fritze, Kevin Johnson, Associated Press
THURSDAY 24 NOVEMBER 2022

● Current event
HOMEWORK:
Happy Thanksgiving!
Count your blessings!
Question of the day: What is something you are thankful for?

Héctor Joaquin
22
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
I’m thankful for having a happy and healthy life.
Family meetings eating Turkey
Emmanuel
I’m thankful for my mom and our health.
yes
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
I am thankful for leading a financially comfortable life and coming from a
very nice family
I am thankful for many things. Right now, I feel thankful for my mother
Matt
and my son, since they were here to visit me. I am also thankful to be able
to work and to have a place to live, so many people do not have their
basic needs met.
Basic needs - necessities, essential for living
Smile of the Day
23
Pues, ya se me fue el apatito mio.
24
Vocabulary



Tedious - final exam review
Lawyer - a legal representive
Busiest - the most occupied
Stereotypes - beliefs about a group a people that ignore individual realities.
Hostage - prisoner, you keep them for power or money
Current event
Daily MailollowView Profile
Start-up plans to drill a 12-mile hole to tap

geothermal energy
25
Story by Jonathan Chadwick For Mailonline • 1h ago
T apping geothermal energy supplies by drilling down 12.4 miles into the
Earth will 'more than' meet humanity's energy needs, a US firm claims.
Matt Houde is co-founder at Quaise Energy, a Massachusetts startup that will

use a special drilling platform to vaporize rock to tap geothermal energy.
Tap - utilize
Vaporize - turn to vapor or gas
This heat beneath our feet could provide more than enough clean, renewable
energy to meet global demand and help in the transition away from fossil fuels,
he said.
Fossil fuels - oil and coal
Drill - to make a hole
Houde, who is co-founder and project manager at Quaise Energy, outlined the
technology while speaking at TEDX Boston this month.
26
'The total energy content of the heat stored underground exceeds our annual
energy demand as a planet by a factor of a billion,' said Houde.
'So tapping into a fraction of that is more than enough to meet our energy
needs for the foreseeable future.'
General point - the earth’s core is hot enough to do this for the entire earth, it
would work
It's unclear where the first hole will be drilled or how much the technology will
cost, although reports suggest it could be several billions.
MailOnline has contacted the firm for more information.
27
Artist's rendition of the Quaise drilling rig being developed to access the geothermal heat miles below our feet.
Shipping containers on right give scale© Provided by Daily Mail
WHAT IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY?
Geothermal energy is heat within the Earth. The word geothermal comes from
the Greek words geo (earth) and therme (heat).
Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source because heat is continuously

produced inside the earth.
28
People use geothermal heat for bathing, to heat buildings, and to generate
electricity.
People already use geothermal energy - it is a known, working technology
We pour water down a 2 mile hole the steam (water vapor) the pressurized
escaping steam turns an electric generator
Quaise Energy aims to have its first drilling platform live by 2024, the first
wells producing up to 100 megawatts of geothermal energy by 2026, and fossil
power plants repurposed by 2028, delivering clean energy around the world.
This year it's already secured $52 million (£43 million) in funding to help it get
the first drilling rig off the drawing board.
The firm's first plant is very likely going to be in one of the Western United
States – such as California, Oregon, Washington, Utah, Colorado or Nevada –
but it aims to bring them all over the world.
'Our current plan is to drill the first holes in the field in the next few years,' said
Houde.
'While we continue to advance the technology to drill deeper, we will also

explore our first commercial geothermal projects in shallower settings.'
Quaise Energy spun out of the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center in 2018.
29
The drilling technique has been developed at MIT over the last 15 years and
has been demonstrated in the lab, by drilling a hole in basalt.
The system works by first using conventional rotary drilling to get 1.8 miles
(3km) down to basement rock – a layer of crystalline rock lying above Earth's
mantle.
It then switches to its specially-designed drilling platform that generates

high-power millimetre waves (close to microwaves in the electromagnetic
spectrum).
Illustration of Quaise Energy's drilling technique. Quaise Energy uses a gyrotron - a high-power linear-beam
vacuum tube that generates the millimetre waves© Provided by Daily Mail
30
In the lab at MIT, engineers demonstrated the technology by drilling a hole in basalt with a 1:1 aspect ratio (two
inches deep by two inches in diameter). Pictured, a rock sample with a two-inch diameter hole drilled by a
millimetre wave at MIT Plasma Science Fusion Center © Provided by Daily Mail
31
Pictured, a high-power waveguide pointing at a fresh rock sample before activating the millimetre wave drill at
Oak Ridge National Laboratories© Provided by Daily Mail
QUAISE ENERGY TIMELINE
2024: First full-scale hybrid drilling rig combining conventional rotary drilling
and millimeter wave drilling capabilities
32
2026: First 'super hot enhanced geothermal system' rated to 100MW of thermal
energy from a handful of wells
2028: First fossil-fired power plant re-powered with clean geothermal steam
Quaise Energy uses a gyrotron – a high-power linear-beam vacuum tube that

generates the millimetre waves – to power its platform.
These millimetre waves, along with high-pressure gas, are injected through a
pipe all the way down to vaporise the rock.
The rocks turn into ash and are transported back to the surface by gas for
removal.
Vaporising the rocks at extreme depths allows Quaise Energy to reach

temperatures up to 900°F (500°C).
Currently, the deepest hole that's been drilled to date, the abandoned Kola
borehole in Pechengsky District, Russia, reaches 7.6 miles down.
It took 20 years to drill the Kola borehole because conventional equipment like
mechanical drill bits can't withstand the conditions at those depths.
'The truth is, we'll need hundreds if not thousands of Kola boreholes if we want
to scale geothermal to the capacity that’s needed,' Houde said.
33
Tapping geothermal energy supplies by drilling down 12.4 miles into the Earth will meet humanity's energy needs,
according to Quaise Energy© Provided by Daily Mail
34
Currently, the deepest hole that's been drilled to date, the abandoned Kola borehole in Pechengsky District, Russia,
reaches 7.6 miles down. Pictured, superstructure of the Kola borehole, 2007© Provided by Daily Mail
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Renewable sources:
35
Solar - light and heat from the sun.
Wind - through wind turbines to turn electric generators
Hydro - captured from falling or fast-running water
Tidal - energy from the rise and fall of sea levels
Geothermal - energy generated and stored in the Earth
Biomass - organic material burnt to release stored energy from the sun
Renewables contrast with the more harmful fossil fuels - coal and gas
Although nuclear energy is considered clean energy its inclusion in the

renewable energy list is a subject of major debate.
Nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source. But the material used in
nuclear power plants - uranium - is a non-renewable.
Source: EDF Energy /Stanford University
The firm's gyrotron machine that produces the millimetre wave energy is not
new; it's been used for some 70 years in research toward nuclear fusion as an
energy source.
36
Millimetre waves 'are ideal for the hard, hot, crystalline rock deep down that
conventional drilling struggles with', he added.
They are not as efficient in the softer rock closer to the surface, but 'those are
the same formations that conventional drilling excels at'.
According to Houde, there are multiple benefits of deep geothermal energy in

general, especially compared with other energy sources – even renewable
ones.
Geothermal energy is renewable, inexhaustible and available everywhere – and

it's the only renewable solution with the potential to get humanity to net zero by
2050.
Unlike solar and wind, geothermal energy is available 24/7, which 'can help
balance out the intermittent flows of wind and solar,' he said.
Deep geothermal plants will also have a 'minimal surface footprint' – meaning
they won't need much land, compared with wind and solar.
It also has a scalability similar to environmentally-unfriendly fossil fuels,

allowing scientists to put it on the grid quickly.
Geothermal energy is already in use, in areas where pockets of naturally

occurring heat sources are close to the surface, and in easily accessible
locations.
37
The problem is, for them to be viable they also have to be close enough to a
power grid, making geothermal power plants relatively rare.
The goal is to be able to repurpose existing fossil fuel power plants, replacing burning coal with 900F heat from
miles below the surface of the Earth© Provided by Daily Mail
Currently, geothermal supplies about 0.3 per cent of global energy

consumption, but Quaise Energy believes its technology can increase the
figure rapidly.
The company also plans to use its drilling technology to re-power traditional
power plants, saving infrastructure costs and making use of the current oil and
gas industry's workforce.
38
Houde did admit that there are still several challenges that must be solved to
scale the technology, such as gaining a better understanding of rock properties
at great depths and advancing the supply chain for gyrotrons.
HOW IT WORKS: HIGH ENERGY BEAM

VAPORIZES ROCKS
Deep geothermal energy is at the core of an energy-independent world.
It is the only renewable solution with the potential to get us to net zero by
2050. It is renewable, inexhaustible, and available everywhere.
A gyrotron-powered drilling platform vaporizes boreholes through rock and

provides access to deep geothermal heat without complex equipment.
Based on breakthrough fusion research and well-established drilling practices,

this is a new approach to ultra-deep drilling.
First, a conventional rotary drill is used to get to basement rock. Then,

high-power millimeter waves are used to reach unprecedented depths.
This will allow drilling to reach depths of up to 12.4 miles below the surface,
where temperatures reach 900°F (500°C).
39
Deeper geothermal is more universal, as it can be tapped into anywhere on
Earth, and linked to power stations.
Hotter geothermal has more power density than traditional, near surface
geothermal energy.
At these temperatures, geothermal is so powerful that it can re-power most

fossil-fired power plants.
40
41
Final exam review
Rewrite these sentences in the passive voice.
1. I made coffee yesterday.

2. A dog bit my dad yesterday.
Remember: We often change to past tense, check all your verbs! Past perfect is
commonly used.
The original object becomes the new subject.
Héctor Joaquin
1
2
Ángel
1
2
Carmen
1 Coffee was made by me yesterday.
2 My dad was bitten by a dog yerteday.
Coffee was made by me yesterday
Valentino My dad was bitten by a dog yesterday
Emmanuel
1
2
PAOLA LUCIA
1
2
Adriel
1
2
Arianna
1 Coffee was made by me yesterday
2 My dad was bitten by a dog yesterday
42
Rewrite this sentence replacing If with unless.

If I earn enough money, I’ll study abroad.
Unless I earn enought money, I won’t study abroad.
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen Unless I earn enough money, I won’t study abroad.
Valentino
Unless I earn enough money, I won’t study abroad
Emmanuel Unless I earn enough money, i won't study abroad

PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna Unless i earn enough money, i won't study aboard
For tomorrow: Even though vs although
Conjunctions
Write sentences using the following conjunctions: Also, and, but, even
though, although, however, and because.
1. Also
2. And
3. But
4. Even though
43
5. Although
6. However
7. Because

Although and even though are two conjunctions (linking words) that are
used to show contrast. Though these two terms have similar meanings
and are used in similar grammatical contexts, there is a slight difference
between although and even though. Even though is slightly stronger
and emphatic than although. This is the key difference between although
and even though. However, these two conjunctions can be used
interchangeably in most contexts.
1. Also: I like rock, but also I like romantic music.

2. And: My mom loves to bake and cook.
3. But: One of my friends wants to participate in a soccer league, but
he’s not too good.
4. Even though: Even though my sister had an accident, we had an
Héctor Joaquin
amazing time with her.
5. Although: Although we know that he doesn’t like surprises, we
made one for his birthday. He loves it!
6. However: I failed the last goal, however, we won the match.
7. Because: My father is angry because I didn’t listen to him.
1. Also: Sometimes I like to read and write and also I watch movies and
series.
2. And: My dog is playful and big.

Ángel
3. But: I like musicals, but sometimes they’re boring.
4. Even though: You never listen to me, even though I never lied to you.
44
5. Although: Although they were late, they were not punished.
6. However: Everything is well, however, they did not finish on time.
7. Because: She won, because she put in a lot of effort.
1. Also → I like sunny days but I also prefer cloudy ones more.
2. And → She prefers to watch romance and drama movies.
3. But → I like ice cream of many flavors but not chocolate.
4. Even though → They rushed even though they weren’t late for their
Carmen
flight.
5. Although → Although the sun was shining it wasn’t that warm.
6. However → I didn’t like the movie, however, I finished watching it.
7. Because → We finished the project because it was a final note.
1. Also - I took a ride and I also played at the park.
2. And: I ate ice cream and candies.
3. But: I like to play basketball but I am bad.
Valentino 4. Even though - Even though he didn’t study, he passed the exam.
5. Although - Although we played well, we lost the game.
6. However - You almost got sick, however, you are fine.
7. Because: I like English classes because I learn a lot.
Emmanuel 1. Also: My neighbors were also at the show that night
45
2. And: Everyone was singing and dancing
3. But: She’s 40 years old , but she looks much younger than her real age
4. Even though: I’m going even though it may rain
5. Although: I enjoyed the course, although I would have liked more

grammar practice.
6. However:
7. Because
1. Also
2. And
3. But
PAOLA LUCIA 4. Even though
5. Although
6. However
7. Because
Adriel
1. Also: I like to play basketball, I also like volleyball
2. And: eating healthy helps you lose weight and have good digestion
Arianna
3. But: I like to go to ballet classes but I don't have much time
4. Even though: even though you are far from me, i love you
46
5. Although: although we just met, i feel like i already love him
6. However: however difficult life may seem, you have to keep going
7. Because: she is good at playing chess because she practices a lot
Even though = despite
TUESDAY 22 NOVEMBER 2022

● Current event
47
HOMEWORK:
Question of the day: What was the last news item or current
event to interest you?

Héctor Joaquin
Well I think the last important news that I was interested in was the
World Cup inauguration, also the debut of Argentina in the competition.
Ángel
The last item of news that interested me was about the accident at the
Carmen Lima - Perú airport where two firefighters died due to colliding with the
wing of a plane that was about to take off.
48
Valentino
The most recent event that interested me is the Fifa World Cup. I was
waiting for it four years ago so it’s very special for me.
Emmanuel
Well, usually I don't watch the news and I think the most interesting event
PAOLA LUCIA is that there will be no school on wednesday and thursday, but I don't
know why.
Adriel
Arianna
I think that all of Donald Trump’s legal problems are fascinating. He is

Matt having problems with so many different cases, that his lawyers must be
the busiest lawyers in the world. I don’t feel badly for him.
Lawyer - a legal representive
Busiest - the most occupied
Smile of the Day
49
Desert - dry land with sand and no rain
Vocabulary
50


Tedious = final exam review
Current event
Business Insider View Profile
Donald Trump will testify in New York court to

defend his business empire
To sue, to bring a lawsuit - to ask the government for help against

someone.
Story by litaliano@insider.com (Laura Italiano) • 32m ago
51
Donald Trump / Letitia James Getty Images© Provided by Business Insider
● Donald Trump will testify in person in 2023 to defend his company

against New York's $250 million lawsuit.
● He's the lead defendant in the state attorney general's suit, which
seeks to bar him from doing business in the state.
● Until now, Trump has shunned testifying at public trials or even giving
closed-door depositions.
52
The state of New York is suing Donald Trump. They was to bar him
(forbid, prevent) from doing business in New York. Donald must
appear in court, this hasn’t happened before.
Until now = so far
Donald Trump will personally take the stand in Manhattan next year to defend
his real-estate and golf-resort empire from New York Attorney General Letitia
James' $250 million fraud lawsuit, which seeks to bar him from doing business
in the state.
Take the stand - give testimony in court
Fraud - to lie in order to steal.
The revelation came on Tuesday as lawyers for Trump and the attorney
general's office hashed out a trial schedule in the lawsuit before the judge who
will render a verdict at the trial, now scheduled for October 2, 2023.
Scheduled - programation of a date and time to meet
Since his presidency, Trump has shunned publicly testifying or being privately
deposed in the many lawsuits he has been involved in.
53
To shun = to avoid, to not treat as if important, to ignore
Publicly = opposite of private
But now, James' lawsuit is threatening the very survival of his

Manhattan-headquartered business.
Threaten = to put in danger
Survival = continued existence, continued life
"They will be here," lawyer Alina Habba, who represents the company and
Trump himself. "All of them."
This story is developing. Please check back for updates.
Why is New York suing Trump?

He invented funds to use as collateral. He lied to the banks.
Is he allowed to be a candidate for President while he is being sued?

A lawsuit is called a civil charge - he can be candidate
A crime is a criminal charge - a person cannot be a candidate
Final exam review
54


Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna

Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
55
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
Conjunctions
Write sentences using the following conjunctions: Also, and, but, even
though, although, however, and because.
1. Also
2. And
3. But
4. Even though
5. Although
6. However
7. Because
5. Questions
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
56
Prepositions
Write the preposition that best completes each sentence.
1. My father ate ________ I did the dishes.

2. We visited Cusco ________ our visit to Peru.
3. Did you give him money ________ the gas?
4. I am anxious _______ her answer.
5. My son was born _______ January.
6. It was kind _______ her to bring cookies.
7. The reason _______ the silence is to show respect.
While = during
With travels it’s better ON, because more synonyms of travel use ON
With dates, ON is only for days (“on the 16th)
Modals
Write the modal that best completes each sentence.
1. You __________ begin until it is time.

2. I __________ buy that car, but I’m still undecided.
3. Travelers _________ pass a Covid test before they can enter the
country.
4. __________ she speak English?
5. __________ you be willing to lend me five dollars?
6. He __________ have liked those last year.
7. __________ I have more water?
57
When is Will a modal, when is Will future tense?
Compound & Complex Sentences

Combine the two sentences into one sentence using 'either', 'neither', or
'both' and the appropriate paired conjunction. (and, or, nor..)
1. Matt ate the food. So did Maria.

2. You can wash it now. Or you can wash it tomorrow.
3. Sue isn’t married. Sara isn’t married either.
1. Both Matt and María ate the food.

Matt and Maria both ate the food.
2. Either you can wash it now or tomorrow.
You can wash it either now or tomorrow.
3. Neither Sue nor Sara are married.
Notice: with negative sentences, you must use neither at the beginning of the
sentence, you don’t have option for sentence order.
Also notice: Neither and nor carry the negative, so the verb goes back to positive (-1
x -1 = +1) - we don’t want the double negative.
Fill in the blank with the bare infinitive (no ‘to’), full infinitive, or gerund
form of the verb.
1. They like (eat) ______________________ ice cream.

2. The director ordered me (be) ______________________in his office at
10:00.
3. I’m sorry for (insult) ______________________ your mother.
58
4. Could you help me (lift) _____________________ this box?
Sentence Parts
Write the name of the sentence part between brackets [ ]. (subject, verb,
direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition).
1. I gave [Margaret] my book.

2. I gave my [book] to Margaret.
3. [I] invited you to my party.
4. Do you [have] twenty dollars?
How are sentence parts different from word classes?
Give - we didn’t ‘give’ margaret to anyone.
Paola kicked the ball to Matt.
The direct receives the action of the verb, the indirect object receives the ‘benefit’
or results of the action
Indirect object is often the same as object of the preposition.
We went (our bodies, ourselves) to San Francisico.

Sometime the direct object is implied, not written.
Note: sentence parts and word classes are different
59
Questions of the day:
Well, this weekend was unique, Well I think the last important
because in Qatar the FIFA World news that I was interested in
Cup started, I saw that was the World Cup inauguration,
inauguration, it was not too also the debut of Argentina in
Héctor Joaquin
good like the previous. The best the competition.
one in my opinion…
inauguration of “FIFA WORLD
CUP BRAZIL”.
My weekend was good, I did

Ángel
homework and watched the
World Cup.
My weekend was good. I went The last item of news that

out with my friends and interested me was about the
watched a movie with my family. accident at the Lima - Perú
Carmen We also watched the World Cup airport where two firefighters
with friends and made a cake. died due to colliding with the
Qatar and Ecudor wing of a plane that was about
to take off.
My weekend was good. On The most recent event that

Saturday I went to my cousin’s interested me is the Fifa World
house to watch the inauguration Cup. I was waiting for it four
match of the World Cup. On years ago so it’s very special for
Valentino Sunday I just relaxed playing me.
new video games and waiting
for the rest of the matches.
God of war ragnarok
My weekend was good. I Well, usually I don't watch the

PAOLA LUCIA
traveled with my family to calca news and I think the most
and played volleyball with my interesting event is that there
friends. will be no school on wednesday
60
and thursday, but I don't know
Medium height, or we say why.
average height
Average = mathmatical term
(middle)
My weekend was good. I saw my

Adriel
friends at a party and I talked to
them, I ate with my family, that
was very exciting.

HOMEWORK:
● No homework, have a great weekend!
Question of the day: What are your plans for this weekend?
61

Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
This weekend is my friend’s birthday so I’ll go to his party and I’ll also do
homework
Carmen
For this weekend I planned to go out with my family, watch the world cup
with my dad and friends and finish my homework.
On Saturday, I will go to my cousin’s house to eat dinner there. On
Valentino Sunday, I will wake up really early to watch the inauguration match of the
FIFA World Cup. I also will watch some Christmas movies with my family.
Emmanuel This weekend, i will help my teachers to recycle collection.
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
This weekend, I will go to my friend’s party. Then I will visit my
grandmother.
Arianna
Teacher
Smile of the Day
62
What is a convenience store? A convenience store sells basic needs (coffee, soap,
soda). It is smaller than a supermarket.
What is an inconvenience? Makes something more difficult.
→ I have to walk to work today and it is raining.
Vocabulary
What animals hop? Bunnies and kangaroos

Gardening - working in the garden
Excused - permitted to leave
63
Review - repasar
Full = lleno
Be excused = recibir permiso de salir
To reach - lograr, alcanzar
Elementary - primaria
Scholar - student (noun - person)
Scholastic - studious (adjective)
Lately - recientemente
Hard - duro, dificil
Hardly = barely = casi no
Foreign - extranjero
Detail - detalle
Helmet and pads - protective gear for biking or skateboarding
Road trip - car travel for vacation
Cats:
Calico - lots of large different colored spots
Tabby - orange with tiger stripes
Intro sentence - make a statement (hypothesis), list 3 subtopics

Order of adjectives:
Opinion
Description (color last)
Material or origin
64
Adverbs are usually -ly, but not always
There is often an option where we can place adverbs in a sentence, but usually no
option with adjectives.
Final exam review
Prepositions
1. My father ate ___and______ I did the dishes.

2. We visited Cusco __________ our visit to Peru.
3. Did you give him money __________ the gas?
4. I am anxious __________ her answer.
5. My son was born __________ January.
6. It was kind __________ her to bring cookies.
7. The reason ___________ the silence is to show respect.

1 5
Héctor Joaquin
2 6
3 7
4
1. My father ate while I did the dishes.
2. We visited Cusco on our visit to Peru.
3. Did you give him money for the gas?
Ángel 4. I am anxious for her answer.
5. My son was born in January.
6. It was kind of her to bring cookies.
7. The reason for the silence is to show respect.
Carmen 1. My father ate while I did the dishes.
65
2. We visited Cusco on our visit to Peru.
4. I am anxious for her answer.
6. It was kind of her to bring the cookies.
1. My father ate while I did the dishes.
2. We visited Cusco on our visit to Perú.
Valentino 4. I am anxious for her answer.
6. It was kind of her to bring the cookies.
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
Modals
1. You ___can’t________ begin until it is time.

2. I ___might________ buy that car, but I’m still undecided.
3. Travelers ____must_______ pass a Covid test before they can enter the
country.
4. ____Can_______ she speak English?
5. ___Would________ you be willing to lend me five dollars?
6. He ____must_______ have liked those last year.
7. ___May________ I have more water?

66
1 5
Héctor Joaquin
2 6
3 7
4
1. Must
2. Can
3. Have to
Ángel 4. Can
5. Could
6. Should
7. Could
Carmen 1.
1. Could
2. Might
3. Must
Valentino 4. Can
5. Would
6. Should
7. May
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
Compound & Complex Sentences

Combine the two sentences into one sentence using 'either', 'neither', or
'both' and the appropriate paired conjunction. (and, or, nor..)
1. Matt ate the food. So did Maria. →

67
Both matt and maria ate the food.


Either you can wash it now or you can wash it tomorrow.


Neither Sue nor Sara are married

1
Héctor Joaquin 2
3
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
Fill in the blank with the bare infinitive (no ‘to’), full infinitive, or gerund
form of the verb.
1. They like (eat) ___eating___________________ ice cream.

2. The director ordered me (be) _____to be_________________in his
office at 10:00.
3. I’m sorry for (insult) ______insulting________________ your mother.
68
4. Could you help me (lift) ________ lift___________ this box?

1
Héctor Joaquin
2
3
4
Ángel
Carmen 1. They like eating ice cream.

1. Eating
Valentino
2. To be
3. Insulting
4. To lift
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna

● Grammar review: Grammar Book p. 24-29
HOMEWORK:
69
● Study all Whiteboard material from this month
Question of the day: Share a special memory, give detail.

Why is it special?
I think the most special memory that I have was when I was 10 years old,
because one time my teacher taught me a great phrase “Not by force, just
Héctor Joaquin be kind”. It was a great moment.
Kill ‘em with kindness. = se puede usar la bondad como espada efectiva
When I turned 10 years old my parents gave me a bicycle, I didn’t know
how to ride it, but I was still very excited. My grandfather taught me how
Ángel to ride it, that’s why I keep this beautiful memory because, despite his
age, he made an effort to teach his grandson something as complicated as
riding a bicycle.
Carmen
Any time I spend with family and close friends I feel is special, that’s why I
don’t have any in specific.
A special memory for me is Christmas in 2017 I think. It was a special
memory because I didn’t sleep because of the excitement I had. I was in
Valentino
my grandmother’s house and I had a lot of playing with the gifts that my
parents gave me. That day was so good I enjoyed every hour.
It also was special because my brother and I were wishing for a PS4 and
we were playing with it in the weeks after.
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Sincerely, I don’t have a special memory because my life is so boring. But
a good memory can be when my family adopted a dog.
Arianna
70
A special memory for me are the Christmas mornings when my son was
Teacher little and believed in Santa Claus. His eyes would get so big when he
woke up and saw gifts under the tree.
Smile of the Day
Leyenda - fuente de juventud
71
Vocabulary
What animals hop? Bunnies and kangaroos

Gardening - working in the garden
Excused - permitted to leave
Review - repasar
Full = lleno
Be excused = recibir permiso de salir
To reach - lograr, alcanzar
Lately - recientemente
Hard - duro, dificil
Hardly = barely = casi no o apenas
Lately = recientemente
Late = tarde
Foreign - extranjero

Intro sentence - make a statement, list 3 subtopics

Order of adjectives:
72
Opinion
Material or origin

There is often an option where we place adverbs in a sentence.
Grammar review
73
A grumpy, short, fat, pale, Southern teacher.
Opinion
Material or origin

There is often an option where we place adverbs in a sentence.
Soft - suave
The soft pillow
To make adverb, add +ly

Softly
He walked softly.
He softly walked.
74
Adverbs of frequency can be at the beginning or end of sentence - note: it can
change emphasis
Other adverbs usually, but not always, at the end of a sentence or clause, in the
order manner, place, duration (time), frequency
75
Many fashionable diets promise you will quickly see results without hard work to
achieve them.
However, these diets often involve cutting out certain types of food completely .
Many diet pills which advertisers claim have been tested scientifically are either
dangerous or ineffective.
In fact, the only way to safely and permanently lose weight is to eat less and
76
exercise more.
77
Final exam review
Practice review I
DECIDED/FELT/THOUGHT
Respond to these sentences using complete sentences.
1. I thought you were moving to San Francisco.

2. Isn’t she going to marry Juan?
Remember: Test sentences should be short and simple. Long answers are more
opportunity to make mistakes.
It’s still honest work.

1. I decided to work and thus pay for my studies, so maybe I'm gonna
Héctor Joaquin work in a café. That's not too cool, but it would be helpful.
2. I don’t know, she felt she loved another person.
Ángel
1
2
Carmen
1.
2.
Valentino 1. Yes, but I thought that first I needed to pack the suitcases.
78
2. No, she felt that she wasn’t ready yet.
Emmanuel
1
2
PAOLA LUCIA
1
2
Adriel
1
2
Matt
CONDITIONALS
1. WRITE A SENTENCE USING THE FIRST CONDITIONAL (if/will)

2. WRITE A SENTENCE USING THE SECOND CONDITIONAL (If/would)
3. WRITE A QUESTION USING THE THIRD CONDITIONAL (if/would)
With conditionals on exams, they care more about verb tenses than the
situation.
1. If you visit our grandmother, you will tell her a story.

2. If she won 2 million dollars, she would get 10 new cars.
Héctor Joaquin
3. If he had gotten a new house, he would have been excited.
GET - past simple - got

- perfect /past participle - gotten
Ángel
Fly - past simple - flew
- Past participle - flown
1. If I wake up late, I will miss the bus.
Carmen 2. If I were you, I would quit smoking.
3. If I had gotten a gold metal, I would have been happy.
79
1. If I don’t study for the exam, I will fail it. (First)
Valentino 2. If I were you, I would give him an opportunity. (Second)
3. If I had been at the farm, I would have seen the animals. (Third)
1 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach (first)
Emmanuel 2 if we had a garden, we could have a big dog (second)
3 if it hadn’t been snowing heavily, we’d have carried on skiing
1 If she studies hard, she will pass the quiz.
PAOLA LUCIA 2 If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
3 If you had won the lottery, what would you have bought ?
1
Adriel 2
3
ADJECTIVE ORDER
Write complete sentences and put the words in the correct order.
The first letter of these words spell 'OSASCOMP' and thinking about the word
'osascomp' is a great way to remember the order of adjectives.
Determiners (words like 'a' or 'some' or' several') go at the beginning. We also put
adverbs like 'really' and 'very' at the beginning, after the determiners.
1. Opinion: pretty, horrible, lovely

2. Size: huge, tiny, big, little
3. Age: old, young, new
4. Shape: round, square, triangular
5. Color: black, red, yellow
6. Origin: British, Chinese, French
7. Material: woolen, wooden, silk
8. Purpose: writing (paper), school (shoes)
80
Opinion
Material or origin
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Combine the sentences into one using relative clauses.
1. My little brother goes to school every day. The school bus arrives.
2. My company meets in New York frequently. We have offices there.
3. My mother is an actress. She lives in LA.
4. The book is about Sherpa guides. They live in Tibet.
Pronoun is used to substitute, to less repetitive

Who, when, where, that (what), which (what) - relative pronouns
1. My little brother goes to school every day when the school bus
arrives.
Héctor Joaquin
2. My company meets in New York frequently where we have offices
there.
3. My mother is an actress who lives in LA.
4. The book is about Sherpa guides who live in Tibet.
1 My little brother goes to school every day when the school bus arrives.
Ángel
2 My company meets in New York frequently where we have offices.
3 My mother is an actress who lives in L.A.
4 The book is about Sherpa guides who live in Tibet.
1
Carmen
2
3
4
Valentino
1. My little brother goes to school everyday when the school bus
arrives.
81
2. My company meets in New York frequently where we have offices.
3. My mother is an actress who lives in LA.
4. The book is about Sherpa guides who live in Tibet.
1
Emmanuel
2
3
4
1
PAOLA LUCIA
2
3
4
1
Adriel
2
3
4
1
Arianna
2
3
4
SAY/TELL/ASK
Complete the sentences with the verb. Use the correct form of the verb.
The main difference between Say and Tell is that Say is used to characterize the
actions of uttering something, maybe an opinion or a suggestion whereas Tell is
used to communicate instructions, orders, and advice.
Usually, tell is more specific.

Usually, say means it was said, not necessarily heard.
Tell always has a target audience, say could be said to the air, or everyone, or no
one.
Tell always has an object recipient.
82
I told him to go outside.
I said to go outside.
1. Did I __________________ you the bad news? I got Covid.

2. I was __________________ that Matt is a complete idiot when he said my
microphone is on! Oops!
3. He __________________ he wants to join the army.
4. What did she __________________ about getting dinner?
1. Did I tell you the bad news? I got Covid.

2. I was told that Matt is a complete idiot when he said my
Héctor Joaquin microphone is on! Oops!
3. He said he wants to join the army.
4. What did she say about getting dinner?
1 Did I tell you the bad news? I got Covid.
2 I was told Matt is a complete idiot when he said my microphone is on!
Ángel Oops!
3 He says he wants to join the army.
4 What did she say about getting dinner?
1
Carmen
2
3
4
1. Did I tell you the bad news? I got Covid.
2. I was saying Matt is a complete idiot when he said my microphone
Valentino is on! Oops! hahaha
3. He said he wants to join the army.
4. What did she say about getting dinner?
1
Emmanuel
2
3
4
83
1
PAOLA LUCIA
2
3
4
1
Adriel
2
3
4
REPORTED/INDIRECT SPEECH
Rewrite each sentence as reported/indirect speech.
1. Jose: “That’s a great car you bought.”

2. Maria: “Will you help me?”
Remember:
1. take out the colon and quotation marks,
2. use ‘said/says’ ‘told/tell’ ‘asked/asks’,
3. use ‘that’ or ‘this’,
4. change to past tense if necessary.
5. remember, we may have to change perspective (I, you, he, etc..)
Héctor Joaquin
1. Jose says that’s a great car you bought.
2. Maria asked me if I would help her?
Ángel
1 Jose said you bought a great car.
2 Maria asked me if I can help her.
Carmen
1. Jose says that’s a great car you bought.
2. Maria asked me if I could help her.
Valentino 1. Jose said that it was a great car I bought.
84
2. Maria asked me if I could help her.
Emmanuel
1 Jose said that it was a great car I bought
2 Maria asked me if I could help her
PAOLA LUCIA
1
2
Adriel
1
2
GET
Write the meaning of GET for each sentence.
Common meanings of GET include:

UNDERSTAND
BECOME
RECEIVE
POSSESSION
ARRIVE
TRAVEL
OBLIGATION
1. She just doesn’t get English grammar.

2. How much money have we got?
3. When does your plane get here?
4. I’ve got to work late tonight.
TRAVEL: Did you get to Oakland on your way to San Francisco?
There are 10 common meanings of GET

There are actually almost 50 meanings GET
85
1 Understand
Héctor Joaquin
2 Possession
3 Arrive
4
1
Ángel
2
3
4
1
Carmen
2
3
4
1. Get = understand
Valentino
2. Get = possesed
3. Get = arrive
4. Get = obligation
1
Emmanuel
2
3
4
1
PAOLA LUCIA
2
3
4
1
Adriel
2
3
4
TAG QUESTIONS
86
Write the question tags for the statements.
1. You don’t have any common sense, ________do you_________?

2. We aren’t broke, ________are we_________?
3. Maria has a new car, _______doesn’t she_____hasn’t she_____?
4. You can drive, _______can’t you__________?
Common sense - basic logic, common intelligence
‘Common sense isn’t common.’

1
Héctor Joaquin
2
3
4
1
Ángel
2
3
4
1
Carmen
2
3
4
1. Do you?
Valentino
2. Are we?
3. Doesn’t she
4. Can’t you?
1 You don’t have any common sense, do you?
Emmanuel
2 Are we
3 doesn’t she?
4 can’t you?
1
PAOLA LUCIA 2
3
87
4
1
Adriel
2
3
4
Practice review II
3. Compound & Complex Sentences
Combine the two sentences into one sentence using 'either', 'neither', or 'both' and
the appropriate paired conjunction. (and, or, nor..)


Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
88
Write questions for the answers that are provided.
Q:
A: He’s an engineer..
Q:
A: She lives in Lima.

Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
6. Tag Questions
Write appropriate ‘tags’ for the following questions.
1. He attends church on Sundays, ________________________ ?

2. She isn’t home, _________________________ ?
3. He should pay the bill, ________________________ ?

Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
89
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
7. Reported & Direct Speech
Rewrite these sentences using the type of speech specified in parenthesis.
1. I’m going to California. (Direct Speech)

2. They’re happy about receiving the discount. (Reported speech)
3. I hope you drive safely. (Direct Speech)

Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
90
● Welcome to class! Recycle all vocabulary from this week

● Grammar review: Using -ING (GB 95-96
exercise 41a, 102-103 exercise 44a)
● Preview: Final Exam
HOMEWORK:
● No homework, have a great weekend!
Héctor Joaquin
This weekend is a friend’s birthday so I’ll be going to his party and also
Ángel going to a car show.
62 shelby corvette
Carmen
This weekend I will go to see my sister play basketball and I will study for
my physics exam.
Valentino
91
Emmanuel To study for the english exam and other exams next week
PAOLA LUCIA well I'm going to download both days and study for my exam
Adriel
This weekend we don’t have plans, but I am still excited - my son is here
Teacher to visit for 3 weeks! We’ll probably play basketball and go out to eat, and
watch American football on Sunday.
Smile of the Day
92
Popcorn - canchita
palmites
93
Vocabulary
Whoa - an expression of surprise

We use ‘smell’ for giving odor or receiving odor, both
Odor - can be good or bad, neutral word
Attended my class
Took a class
Had class
Attended is the safest verb
Overtime - working more than 40 hours in a week - overtime can be a noun or

adjective/adverb.
‘I worked overtime this week, I worked 50 hours.’
Clause - a piece of sentence
To ring - bells ring - ‘the phone rang, it was my brother’, also ‘the church bells ring
on sundays’
To thrive - to grow well, to live well - everyone must vote and participate for
democracy to thrive, plants thrive with lots of sun and water
Greed - Is Vladimir Putin greedy? - wants everything for themselves, like selfish,
celoso
Weakness - una debilidad ‘There is a weakness in the foundation due to the
earthquake’ also ‘I have a weakness for ice cream.’
Proud - orgulloso - can be good or bad
Sash - scarf that you wear as a belt (pirate style), or around your chest (president
style)
Alongside - next to
To defeat - ‘I defeated my enemy, I won’, ‘My Raiders were defeated by the visiting
team, my Raiders lost’
To betray - to go contrary to a promise, Benedict Arnold tried to betray George
Washington to the British.
Defeat = vencer
Overcome = superar
Wealth - how much money and property you have
94
Wealthy = rich
Harsh = mean, hard (bravo, duro), opposite of kind
To reign = to have absolute power, similar to rule (kings reign)
To yell = to shout (gritar), to cry out (different from to cry)
To approach = to get closer to (acercarse)
Grow - crescer, criar
Harvest - cosechar
Island we say like eye-land
Spaniard we say like span-yard
Native = indiginous
To raid = to steal, to rob
Conquer - we say like kon-ker
Feast - In the US, we have a huge turkey feast on Thanksgiving - a huge meal,
usually many guests
To conquer (kon-ker) - To take control of a place or person through the use of
military force.
Conqueror - conquistador
Alongside - beside, next to, often used with cars and boats - their relative locations
to each other
Rights and privileges = derechos y privilegios
day/month/year - most of the world

month/day/year - the US
Democracy = everybody votes

Republic = collection of smaller states with equal rights
Democratic republic - the US is a democratic republic
Betray = to change allegiance, to break a promise
Never give up! - nunca rendirse
Throne = trono - Game of Thrones, the Iron Throne
Written systems are usually letters (phonetics) OR hieroglyphic (pictures), Mayan

picture writing was BOTH
95
ever/never - ever is for positive use, never for negative use
or/nor - or is for positive use, nor is for negative use
Always - siempre - different from ever
Pox = disease
Using this week’s vocabulary, write a question to ask your

classmates.
96
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Discuss ‘Mexico’s Fight for Independence’
Robin Hood - 1200-1300 English legend of a criminal who only robbed the rich,
then gave the money to the poor. Fought against King Richard.
Legend - leyenda
Grammar Review:
When a principle verb is followed by a 2nd principle verb, we must use infinitive
or change to +ing noun
97
98
1. Always look to context for true meaning - there can be subtle differences
in meaning if it is +ing or infinitive
2. Sometimes the infinitive is safer, for instance, when expressing
preferences
read
Future - use infinitive
One occurrence - use infinitive
Habit, many occurrences - we can use +ing
1. To offend
2. Smoking
3. Having (notice in this example have is 3rd verb in a row)(note: 1st -
conjugated, 2nd - infinitive, 3rd - +ing general activity
99
4. Writing (note: with present perfect, we usually follow with +ing general
activity)
5. To learn
6. Helping (note: with enjoyment, like, gusto we often speaking of general
activity)
7. To study (note: there are 3 verbs here, and cannot use 2 +ing form verbs
together)
8. With future tense, often general activity - traveling
9. With present perfect - getting - similar example to #4
10. With simple past, often infinitive if refers to a one time occurrence. If
refers to a habit, or repeated occurrence, then often general activity.
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
100
1. If it is the subject, it will be general activity +ing.
2. If it is a complement to BE, it should be general activity +ing, although the
infinitive is common, even though incorrect
3. After a progressive, we CAN use general activity +ing form, though usually
we do not use two +ing forms together
101
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Final exam review
Practice review I
102
Questions of the day:
Where do you work or study? Do you like it? Why?
Describe a special memory? When did it happen, who was there? Why is it special?
What is a good age for children to begin to study a foreign language? Why?
DECIDED/FELT/THOUGHT
Respond to these sentences using complete sentences.
1. I thought you were moving to San Francisco.

2. Isn’t she going to marry Juan?
CONDITIONALS
1. WRITE A SENTENCE USING THE FIRST CONDITIONAL (if/will)

2. WRITE A SENTENCE USING THE SECOND CONDITIONAL (If/would)
3. WRITE A QUESTION USING THE THIRD CONDITIONAL (if/would)
ADJECTIVE ORDER
Write complete sentences and put the words in the correct order.
The first letter of these words spell 'OSASCOMP' and thinking about the word
'osascomp' is a great way to remember the order of adjectives.
Determiners (words like 'a' or 'some' or' several') go at the beginning. We also put
adverbs like 'really' and 'very' at the beginning, after the determiners.
1. Opinion: pretty, horrible, lovely

2. Size: huge, tiny, big, little
3. Age: old, young, new
4. Shape: round, square, triangular
5. Color: black, red, yellow
6. Origin: British, Chinese, French
7. Material: woolen, wooden, silk
103
8. Purpose: writing (paper), school (shoes)
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Combine the sentences into one using relative clauses.
1. My little brother goes to school every day. The school bus arrives.
2. My company meets in New York frequently. We have offices there.
3. My mother is an actress. She lives in LA.
4. The book is about Sherpa guides. They live in Tibet.
SAY/TELL/ASK
Complete the sentences with the verb. Use the correct form of the verb.
The main difference between Say and Tell is that Say is used to characterize the
actions of uttering something, maybe an opinion or a suggestion whereas Tell is
used to communicate instructions, orders, and advice.
1. Did I __________________ you the bad news? I got Covid.

2. I was __________________ Matt is a complete idiot when he said my microphone is on!
Oops!
3. He __________________ he wants to join the army.
4. What did she __________________ about getting dinner?
REPORTED/INDIRECT SPEECH
Rewrite each sentence as reported/indirect speech.
104
1. Jose: “That’s a great car you bought.”
2. Maria: “Will you help me?”
GET
Write the meaning of GET for each sentence.
Common meanings of GET include:

UNDERSTAND
BECOME
RECEIVE
POSSESSION
ARRIVE
TRAVEL
OBLIGATION
1. She just doesn’t get English grammar.

2. How much money have we got?
3. When does your plane get here?
4. I’ve got to work late tonight.
TAG QUESTIONS
Write the question tags for the statements.
1. You don’t have any common sense, _________________?

2. We aren’t broke, _________________?
3. Maria has a new car, _________________?
4. You can drive, _________________?
105
Practice review II
1. Prepositions
1. My father ate _________ I did the dishes.

2. We visited Cusco __________ our visit to Peru.
3. Did you give him money __________ the gas?
4. I am anxious __________ her answer.
5. My son was born __________ January.
6. It was kind __________ her to bring cookies.
7. The reason ___________ the silence is to show respect.

2. Modals
1. You ___________ begin until it is time.

2. I ___________ buy that car, but I’m still undecided.
3. Travelers ___________ pass a Covid test before they can enter the country.
4. ___________ she speak English?
5. ___________ you be willing to lend me five dollars?
6. He ___________ have liked those last year.
7. ___________ I have more water?

Write a sentence in the past using a modal.

3. Compound & Complex Sentences
Combine the two sentences into one sentence using 'either', 'neither', or 'both' and
the appropriate paired conjunction. (and, or, nor..)
106

4. Conjunctions
Write sentences using the following conjunctions: Also, and, but, even though,
although, however, and because.
1. Also
2. And
3. But
4. Even though
5. Although
6. However
7. Because
5. Questions

Write questions for the answers that are provided.
Q:
A: He’s an engineer..
Q:
A: She lives in Lima.

6. Tag Questions
Write appropriate ‘tags’ for the following questions.
1. He attends church on Sundays, ________________________ ?

2. She isn’t home, _________________________ ?
3. He should pay the bill, ________________________ ?
107

7. Reported & Direct Speech
Rewrite these sentences using the type of speech specified in parenthesis.
1. I’m going to California. (Direct Speech)

2. They’re happy about receiving the discount. (Reported speech)
3. I hope you drive safely. (Direct Speech)

8. Passive Voice


9. Conditionals
Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses, using the conditional form
indicated

108

10. Infinitives & Gerunds
What is the difference in meaning between these sentences?
They stopped to speak. / They stopped speaking.

Fill in the blank with the bare infinitive (no ‘to’), full infinitive, or gerund form of the
verb.
1. They like (eat) ______________________ ice cream.

2. The director ordered me (be) ________to be______________in his office at 10:00.
3. I’m sorry for (insult) ______________________ your mother.
4. Could you help me (lift) ____to lift_____lift_____________ this box?

11. Sentence Parts
Write the name of the sentence part between brackets [ ]. (subject, verb, direct object,
indirect object, object of the preposition).
1. I gave [Margaret] my book.

2. I gave my [book] to Margaret.
3. [I] invited you to my party.
4. Do you [have] twenty dollars?
109
● Welcome to class!
● Vocabulary review: Write a question for your
classmates
● Comprehension questions: ‘Mexico’s Fight
for Independence’ (RB 105-106)
● Grammar review: Using -ING (GB 95-96,
102-103)
HOMEWORK:
● Review Grammar Book p. 95-96, 102-103
Question of the day: What is a country you admire (it can be

your own or another)? Why?
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
I admire the U.S.A. visually because it has many beautiful places that I
would want to go.
Emmanuel
110
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Teacher
Smile of the Day
Lo más rápido como empezó, se acabó la pelea de huevos.
111
Vocabulary

Odor - can be good or bad, neutral word
Attended my class
Took a class
Had class

adjective/adverb.
To ring - bells ring - ‘the phone rang, it was my brother’, also ‘the church bells ring
on sundays’
democracy to thrive, plants thrive with lots of sun and water (
celoso
Weakness - una debilidad ‘There is a weakness in the foundation due to the
Sash - scarf that you wear as a belt (pirate style), or around your chest (president
style)
Alongside - next to
Washington to the British. (go against)
Defeat = vencer
112
Overcome = superar
Wealthy = rich
Harsh = mean, hard (bravo, duro), opposite of kind
Harvest - cosechar
Native = indiginous
Conquer - we say like kon-ker
Feast - In the US, we have a huge turkey feast on Thanksgiving - a huge meal,
usually many guests
To conquer (kon-ker) - To take control of a place or person through the use of
military force.
Conqueror - conquistador
Alongside - beside, next to, often used with cars and boats - their relative locations
to each other
Rights and privileges = derechos y privilegios
dates:

Democratic republic - the US is a democratic republic
Never give up! - nunca rendirse
Throne = trono - Game of Thrones, the Iron Throne
113
Written systems are usually letters (phonetics) OR hieroglyphic (pictures), Mayan
picture writing was BOTH
ever/never - ever is for positive use, never for negative use

or/nor - or is for positive use, nor is for negative use
Always - siempre - different from ever
114
Using this week’s vocabulary, write a question to ask your
classmates.
Héctor Joaquin
What is your favorite statue ever?
Have you ever thought about joining a soccer club?
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
If you are going to live on an island for ten months, what stuff would you
take to the island? gonna= informal// going to=formal
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Comprehension questions
115
1. Spaniards
2. He wanted to trade jewelry for ships.
116
1) What dates does Mexico celebrate its Independence?
2) What year did Mexico finally achieve its independence?
3) Who was the first leader of the Mexican revolution? What was his profession?
4) What races or kinds of people existed in Mexico at the time of the revolution?
5) What was the difference between a Mestizo person and a Creole person?
Grammar Review:
117
118
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
119
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
120
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
WEDNESDAY 9 NOVEMBER 2022
● Read ‘Mexico’s Fight for Independence’ (RB
99-101)
● Grammar review: -ING (GB 95-96, 102-103)
HOMEWORK:
121
● Review Grammar Book p. 95-96, 102-103
Question of the day: What is your favorite movie ever?
My favorite movie ever is Lethal Weapon, I think Mel Gibson made a great
Héctor Joaquin work in his role of Rigs, also the action scenes are brutal
Die Hard
Ángel
I don’t know, but I’m a big fan of the Harry Potter saga, I couldn’t choose
which one is the best.
I don’t have a favorite but I like movies more than anything with drama
or romance.
Carmen
50 First Dates
Adam Sandler and Drew Berrymore
99 Cigarettes
Courtney Love
My favorite movie ever is “Star Wars: The Return of the Jedi”. Because of
Valentino
the first part of the movie in Tatooine and the end of the movie and of the
saga with Darth Vader fighting against Luke Skywalker. ._.
Emmanuel My favorite movie Interestera
PAOLA LUCIA
My favorite series is with Cher
She-Ra
Adriel
One of my favorite movies was Dark Knight, just because Heath Ledger
Matt was sooo good as the Joker. He killed the role. There have been other
good Jokers, but not as good as him, nor will there ever be, I suspect.
ever/never
or/nor
122
Smile of the Day
Vocabulary
123
Attended my class
Took a class
Had class

adjective/adverb.
To ring - ‘the phone rang, it was my brother’, also ‘the church bells ring on sundays’
celoso
Weakness - una debilidad, ‘There is a weakness in the foundation due to the
Sash - scarf that you wear as a belt, or around your chest (torso)
Alongside - next to
Defeat = vencer
Overcome = superar
Wealthy = rich
Harsh = mean, hard (bravo, duro)
124
Harvest - cosechar
Native = indiginous
Conquer - we say like con-ker
Written systems are usually letters (phonetics) OR hieroglyphic (pictures)
125
Choose one word that is unfamiliar and write it below
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Feast - In the US, we have a huge turkey feast on Thanksgiving - a huge
meal, usually many guests
To conquer (kon-ker) - To take control of a place or person through the use
Carmen of military force.
Conquerer - conquistador
126
Feast
Valentino Alongside - beside, next to, often used with cars and boats their relative
locations to each other
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA Harsh - mean and hard, opposite of kind

Adriel
To yell = to shout, to cry out (different from to cry)

Rights and privileges - derechos y privilegios
Never give up!
Throne =
Grammar Review:
127
128
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
129
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
130
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
TUESDAY 8 NOVEMBER 2022
● Vocabulary (RB 99-101)
● Begin reading ‘Mexico’s Fight for
Independence’ (RB 99-101)
● Grammar review: -ING Forms (GB 95)
131
HOMEWORK:
● Read Grammar Book p. 102, Do exercise 44a p. 102
Question of the day: What is something you have never done?
I have never been able to do stand up, I think it would be great to make
Héctor Joaquin people laugh.
Ángel
I have never skydived, but I would like to.
Be vs tener
Carmen
I have never traveled by airplane. I have also never watched a romantic

Valentino movie but it is because I do not like them.
99 Dates
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel I have never smoked because I am young.
Matt
I have never been able to stand up on a surfboard, though I think I could if
I tried again.
IF + past simple, COULD (would be able to)
In 1989, I could do karate.

In 1989, I was able to win the karate competition.
Smile of the Day
132
Boneless - sin hueso
Ranch - granjero - where we raise animals
Farm - finca - where we grow plants
Vocabulary

Attended my class
Took a class
Had class
133

adjective/adverb.
To ring - ‘the phone rang, it was my brother’, also ‘the church bells ring on sundays’
celoso
Weakness - una debilidad, ‘There is a weakness in the foundation due to the
Sash - scarf that you wear as a belt, or around your chest (torso)
Alongside - next to
Advanced - we say like advanc’d

Disappeared - we say like disappear’d
Phonetic alphabets - english and spanish

Hieroglyphic alphabets - chinese
Ancient egyptians also had Zero

Indiginious
Conquer - we say like con-ker
134
135
Choose one word that is unfamiliar and write it below
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
To betray - to break trust in something serious - Benedict Arnold tried to
turn George Washington over to the British, he betrayed him
Carmen
Valentino
To spread - to distribute evenly - we spread butter on bread
To harvest - to collect the crops - cosechar
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
To disappear - Amelia Ereheart disappeared while flying around the world
- to never be found
Read ‘Mexico’s Fight for Independence’
Grammar review
136
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
137
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
MONDAY 7 NOVEMBER 2022
● Begin reading ‘Mexico’s Fight for
Independence’ (RB 99-101)
● Review: 2nd and 3rd conditionals (GB 147,
149)
● Grammar review: -ING Forms (GB 95)
HOMEWORK:
138
● Read Grammar Book p. 95, Do exercise 41a p. 96
Question of the day: How was your weekend? What did you
do?
Héctor Joaquin
It was pretty good, I helped my parents with the new furniture we put in
my house.
Ángel
My weekend was good. I did homework and went out with friends. I also
watched Harry Potter 2 with my brother.
Carmen
My weekend was good, I went out with my friends, I helped my mom
with some things.
My weekend was sort of bad because I had a little pain near my waist,
Valentino
although on Sunday I went to my cousin’s house to celebrate his
graduation.
Basico - we say general ed
Emmanuel On my weekend, I practiced for my exam and I went to walk with my dog
PAOLA LUCIA
Well my weekend was good, I went to some games with my friends and I
had a lot of fun and I also studied for my exam.
Adriel I played soccer with my friends. I ate delicious food with my family.
I had a great weekend! We went to a rose nursery with our neighbor, it
Matt
was incredible, I have never seen so many different kinds of roses! It was
really beautiful, and smelled wonderful, too. Unfortunately, my Raiders
lost again, this hasn’t been a good season. 2-6
Growth pains
Obstacle course
We use ‘smells’ or ‘smelled’ to indicate receiving odor or giving odor.
139
Smile of the Day
Vocabulary
140
141
Choose two words that are unfamiliar and write them below
Héctor Joaquin
Nearby - near, but when referring to two objects, not subject.
Sash
Ángel
Sash - scarf that is used as a belt, pirate style
Harsh - bad, rough, mean
Treasure - a quantity of precious metals, gems or other valuable objects.
Treasure can be used conceptually, ‘Carmen is her father’s valued
Carmen
treasure’
To yell - give a loud, sharp cry.
To cry - mas llorar
To cry out, or give a cry - mas un grito
-To ring - sonar un campana - church bells ring on sunday, old fashioned
telephones ring
Valentino
-To reign - is rule over, to be the king, to have absolute authority
-Greed/greedy - Is Vladimir Putin greedy? Yes - to want it all for yourself,
to not share. Scrooge was greedy.
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Parade - public procession

Firework - fuego techino
Shoot - disparar
Read ‘Mexico’s Fight for Independence’
Era
142
Review: 2nd and 3rd conditionals
Dreams or wishes
143
Lost opportunities or arrepentimientos - regrets
0 - all present simple

1st - present simple + future simple
2nd - past, modal + base
3rd - past perfect, modal + present perfect
We can use other modals - Would, could, might
144
I will go home if it rains.
I will not go home, unless it rains
Unless = a menos que
145
Grammar Review: -ING Forms
We add -ing to a verb to make a noun or adjective
146
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
147
● Continue reading ‘Natural Wonders of the
World’ (RB 89-91)
● Zero and first conditionals (GB 146)
HOMEWORK:
● Read Grammar Book p. 147, 149
TGIF!
Héctor Joaquin
This weekend I’ll probably do homework, watch a movie, or go out with

Ángel my friends.
No definite plans
148
Carmen
On my weekend I plan to do some homework, go out with my friends and
watch a lot of movies.
I will watch some Spanish soccer league games and also play video games
Valentino with my brother. On Sunday perhaps I will watch a movie with my family
and my cousin is gonna come tomorrow so I will take care of him.
Emmanuel My plan for this weekend is to study for my exam and play videogames.
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Play video games with my friends and play piano.
Twisted Metal
Sunday we are going to visit a rose nursery in Cartago and then have
Matt
dinner with my Aunt. Saturday we have no plans, so I’ll do chores and
play video games, I imagine.
Fallout 76
Nursery = where we babysit babies OR where we raise plants (vivera)

A nurse = enfermera
To nurse = to feed a baby from the breast, not from a bottle
Smile of the Day
149
Sucedimos, llegamos - we made it - like ‘to manage to’
150
Vocabulary
Soap = jabon
Regarding = en cuanto de
Bucket list = informal list of things I want to do
Seaweed - we wrap sushi in seaweed - plants that grow in the ocean - kelp is
seaweed
To Erode - to wear away, to wear down, to make smooth - the ocean erodes the cliff
To breed - to mate animals, or to reproduce in general - to make babies
Breathtaking - so good or so bad that it takes your breath away
Crust - bread has a crust, the earth has a crust - corteza - bark is the crust or skin of
a tree
Fissure - we say like ‘fisher’ - a crack in the earth, the fissure between the earth’s
crusts = faults
Reef = coral reef, many corals together in a formation
Cinder - ash (white or gray), cinder is burnt and black, still has a little carbon
Endangered - pandas - the species is in danger of going extinct
Jagged - can scratch, not smooth, similar to rough
Tribe - a group of people
A tower - a really high building
Towering - have to look up to see the top
To take over - to take leadership of, to have power over
Water flows through a valley - correr
Through - thru - threw - we say the same
Wonder = amazing, un marvilla
Wonders might be things that are unique
Man-made is opposite natural
To wonder = poner a pensar sin saber
Zero = something that will happen (present simple/present simple)

First = something that might happen (present simple/future simple)
If… then…
IF is the condition, THEN is the result
The most important is the verb form
151
Reef - a cliff or mountain or barrier underwater made of coral
Jagged - opposite of smooth, like ‘rough’
Whale - ballena
To erode - the waves of the ocean erode (wear away) the cliffs
to carve - we carve designs in wood, or we carve statues
Breathtaking - something so extreme (good or bad) that it take away your breath
Take over
Towering
Layers
To wonder - to think about something without knowing the answer
Wonder (noun) - maravilla
Plateau - high flat area - we say plat-toe
Carved - we say like carv’d
Geologist - scientist who studies the earth
Machu Picchu and Tikal are man-made wonders
Andes Mountain Range and Lake Atitlan are natural wonders

Is a forest a natural wonder?
The Amazon is a natural wonder
Yellowstone National Park and Yosemite National Park are natural wonders
Zero conditional = something that will happen

1st conditional = something that might happen
0 cond = IF present simple, THEN present simple

1st cond = IF present simple, THEN future simple
152
Forma = shape
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen Sharyt
Diego Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Read ‘Natural Wonders of the World’
153
Conditionals
Zero cond = empirical facts,
154
If he hasn’t read your email yet, you..
If he doesn’t read your email, you…
For questions and negative verbs, we add an auxiliary verb.
To book = to make a reservation

To lie = mentir OR acostar(se)
Lie = lay
When lay vs lie
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen Sharyt
Diego Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
155
156
157
158
● Tell us a little about yourself
● Read ‘Natural Wonders of the World’ (RB
89-91)
● Zero and first conditionals (GB 146)
HOMEWORK:
● Read Grammar Book p. 146, Do exercise 65a
Question of the day: Tell us a little about yourself.
Héctor Joaquin
Hi, my name is Angel. I’m 17 years old and from Peru. I like to play soccer,
listen to music, watch Netflix and write a bit of everything.
Ángel
Hindsight is 20/20
History is written by the winners.
Carmen Sharyt
Diego Valentino
Hi, I’m Emmanuel. I am 14 years old and from Peru. I study in high school.
I like to play video games, listen to music, and watch football games,
Emmanuel especially the champions league.
Elementary school
High school
159
Hi, my name is Paola, I'm 14 years old and I'm from Peru. I like to play
PAOLA LUCIA volleyball. I also like dancing. I like cats and dogs, and my favorite food is
pizza.
Hi, I’m Matt! I am happy to have you in my English class. I graduated from
the University of California in Santa Cruz, California. Before teaching, I
Matt managed apartments and worked in construction. I like basketball, golf,
music, and Netflix. I am from San Francisco in California, and now I live in
Costa Rica.
Smile of the Day
160
Soap = jabon
Vocabulary
161
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Reef - a cliff or mountain or barrier underwater made of coral
Jagged - opposite of smooth, like ‘rough’
Carmen Sharyt
Diego Valentino
Whale - ballena
To erode
Emmanuel
To erode - the waves of the ocean erode (wear away) the cliffs
to carve - we carve designs in wood, or we carve statues
Breathtaking - something so extreme (good or bad) that it take away your
PAOLA LUCIA breath
Seaweed
Take over
Towering
Layers
To wonder - to think about something without knowing the answer
162
Wonder (noun) - maravilla
Plat-toe
Carved - we say like carv’d
Geologist - scientist who studies the earth
Read ‘Natural Wonders of the World’
Machu Picchu and Tikal are man-made wonders
Andes Mountain Range and Lake Atitlan are natural wonders

Is a forest a natural wonder?
The Amazon is a natural wonder
Yellowstone National Park and Yosemite National Park are natural wonders
Conditionals
Zero conditional = something that will happen

1st conditional = something that might happen
0 cond = IF present simple, THEN present simple

1st cond = IF present simple, THEN future simple
163
Héctor Joaquin
164
Ángel
Carmen Sharyt
Diego Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
165
166
● ●
HOMEWORK:
167

Whiteboard Int Ii-3 Jov - Class 4P - November 2022

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Whiteboard Int Ii-3 Jov - Class 4P - November 2022

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INT II-3 JOV | CLASS 4P | NOVEMBER 2022

INT II-3 READING BOOK

BOOK 2: INT II-3 GRAMMAR BOOK

EXAM DAY 1 EXAM DAY 2

Monday, November 28, 2022 Tuesday, November 29, 2022

Welcome to class! To finish, check the box ‘Yo confirmo…’ to receive

● Exam day 2 Tuesday

Al finalizar, pones chequeo a ‘Yo confirmo…’ para

Smile of the day

● Welcome to class! Recycle all vocabulary from this month

● Study all Whiteboard material material for final exam

Far - long way away

Smile of the Day

Psychology - the science

Medium height, or we say average height

Bunch - many, a lot, a group

Creating verbal test answers:

Intro sentence - make a statement (hypothesis), list 3 subtopics

Creating written answers:

Write a dialogue of giving advice to a friend, for these problems:

Dulce: Hi Luisa, how are you?

Current event 11/25/22

There's One Clear Choice for the Oxford Word

T he Oxford word of the year is usually chosen by editorial staff at the

Those words are...

Ubiquitous = non-specific, deviated from it’s original meaning

Goblin Mode is... well.

Goblin Mode, according to dictionary.com is a "slang term for a way of

Shameless - not embarrassed about anything

Indulge - give in to desires

Mode - how you are sometimes

It is our truth. Vote for Goblin Mode.

Zeitgeist - the common atmosphere, the common feeling or experience

Current event 11/24/22

USA TODAYllowView Profile

What are Donald Trump's latest legal

Story by Bart Jansen, USA TODAY • 1h ago

Here is a summary of the key developments since last Friday:

● A special counsel was appointed to investigate Trump’s role in the

Attack on the capitol

Stolen classified documents

Sexual harrassment lawsuit

Looking ahead, the House committee investigating the Capitol attack is

Here’s what we know about Trump’s legal challenges:

Longtime prosecutor Jack Smith named as special

Attorney General Merrick Garland appointed longtime prosecutor Jack Smith

House panel wins access to Trump tax returns

Republicans complained there was no legislative purpose to seeking the

E. Jean Carroll files battery lawsuit against Trump

Ploy = plot, a political manipulation

Off-the-books = no written records

But the Justice Department contends the review wasn’t necessary. A

During the Tuesday hearing, judges questioned Trump’s challenge to the

THURSDAY 24 NOVEMBER 2022

● Welcome to class! Recycle all vocabulary from this month

● Study all Whiteboard material material for final exam

Count your blessings!

Question of the day: What is something you are thankful for?

Smile of the Day

Psychology - the science

Medium height, or we say average height

Bunch - many, a lot, a group

Daily MailollowView Profile

Rewrite these sentences in the passive voice.

1. I made coffee yesterday.