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Whiteboard Int Ii-3 Jov - Class 4P - November 2022
Whiteboard Int Ii-3 Jov - Class 4P - November 2022
Whiteboard Int Ii-3 Jov - Class 4P - November 2022
HOLIDAY
Grades will be posted on November 30th at 5pm. To check your grade, please
follow the link and input the password.
Las notas se publicarán el 30 de noviembre a las 5pm. Para ver su nota, favor de
hacer clic en el link e introducir la contraseña.
LINK: https://maximoingles.com/bailey/
PASSWORD: bailey157
Remember: You can access this Whiteboard material and use the Student Book and
Workbook links above during non-class hours. Please complete all readings and assignments
to get the most from your Maximo Nivel curriculum. :)
Recuerden: Durante horas de no clases, tienen acceso a esta pantalla de Whiteboard y también el
Student Book y el Workbook links que se encuentran más arriba. Por favor, complete todos
lecturas y tareas asignadas para recibir los beneficios máximos de sus estudios con Máximo
Nivel. :)
1
MONDAY 28 & TUESDAY 29 NOVEMBER 2022
OBJECTIVE: VOCABULARY:
Good luck!
HOMEWORK:
2
FRIDAY 25 NOVEMBER 2022
OBJECTIVE: VOCABULARY:
HOMEWORK:
3
Question of the day: What are your plans for the weekend?
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
My plans for the weekend are to study for my exams, watch some world
cup matches and rest a bit.
Valentino
My plans for the weekend are just relaxing and watching some movies.
I also will watch some matches of the World Cup.
Emmanuel
My plan for this weekend is to study very, very much for the English
exam.
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
Happy Friday! This weekend my son and I are returning to the beach. It’s
Matt
his last weekend before he goes home, and that’s our favorite thing to do.
It’s kind of a far drive, but we’ll stay overnight at a hotel Saturday night,
so it’s worth it.
4
Vocabulary
5
Nuts - peanuts, almonds, walnuts, cashews
‘Just plain nuts’ - just crazy, nothing else
Bender says - “Nutso, nutso!”
Plain - opposite of lots of flavor or detail, only, nothing more
Playa Hermosa is my favorite place to visit because 1) water and sand, 2) fun and
relaxing, there is swimming in the beach or in the pool.
1) Water is warm and the sand clean….
2)
3)
2 lines of hello
2 lines of describing the problem
6
2 or 3 pieces of advice (2 lines each)
1 line conclusion
1. Your friend wants to quit high school and work in construction. You know he
is smart enough to easily graduate.
CNETllowView Profile
7
Story by Mark Serrels • Yesterday 7:29 PM
various different editions of the Oxford Dictionary, but this year they are
making a huge mistake. They are allowing the public to vote for the word of the
year. My many years of experience on the internet tell me this is a bad idea.
Thankfully, it's not a free-for-all. Instead, we've been given a choice between
three terms.
8
● Metaverse
● #IStandWith
● Goblin Mode
As you can see, I've made my choice. Oxford Dictionary© Provided by CNET
9
Metaverse is... well the metaverse. If you're on CNET, a technology site, you
most likely understand what that means and how ubiquitous it has become as
a term this year. #IStandWith is a hashtag designed to help with solidarity for
certain causes on social media.
Basically when people go "Goblin Mode" all bets are off. They're at home, not
showering, still wearing pyjamas at 5pm, eating chocolate and chips for dinner.
It's a form we've all taken, particularly over the past few years.
The phrase has technically been around since 2009, but has come to life in
2022 since, well, we're all going a bit Goblin Mode really.
And this is why I'm following the example of PC Gamer and saying, folks, it is
time to vote for Goblin Mode. It is the clear winner and most obvious choice.
The metaverse is lame and is partly to blame for Meta reporting its first ever
10
revenue drop this year. #IStandWith is a hashtag and is not a real word.
Hashtags suck by default, I am sorry. Voting ends on Friday 2 Dec.
Goblin Mode people. It's the only real choice. No other word quite captures the
zeitgeist like Goblin Mode. It is who we are now.
11
Here is a summary of the key developments since last Friday:
12
Start the day smarter. Get all the news you need in your inbox each morning.
Smith is a former chief of the Justice Department's Public Integrity Section and
has been serving as a war crimes prosecutor at the International Criminal
Court in The Hague, Netherlands.
Trump has blasted the inquiry as partisan and unjustified. Some Republicans
criticized Smith as overzealous, including former Virginia Gov. Bob McDonnell
13
and Rep. Jim Jordan of Ohio. Trump’s political action committee promoted
their comments.
US attorney general Merrick Garland appoints a 'special counsel' over Trump criminal investigations© Provided by
USA TODAY
"I strongly believe that the normal processes of this department can handle all
investigations with integrity," Garland said. "And I also believe that appointing
14
a special counsel at this time is the right thing to do. The extraordinary
circumstances presented here demand it."
The Supreme Court declined on Tuesday a request from Trump to block the
release of six years of his tax returns to the House Ways and Means
Committee, which governs tax policy.
Democrats in 2019 sought copies of his returns from the Treasury Department
after Trump flouted tradition by declining to release them as a candidate in
2016. Democrats questioned whether his administration’s policies may have
benefited Trump financially.
15
Rep. Richard Neal, D-Mass.© Andrew Harnik, AP
“Since the Magna Carta, the principle of oversight has been upheld, and today
is no different,” Neal said. “This rises above politics, and the committee will
16
now conduct the oversight that we’ve sought for the last three and a half
years.”
E. Jean Carroll, who was already suing Trump for defamation, filed another
federal lawsuit Thursday accusing him of battery and defamation for allegedly
raping her about 27 years ago in a Bergdorf Goodman store.
Carroll filed the latest case under a New York state law called the Adult
Survivors Act, which opened a one-year window for survivors of sexual assault
to sue their alleged abusers no matter how long ago the attack occurred.
Trump issued a statement in June 2019 denying the incident and accusing
Carroll of publicizing the case in order to sell copies of her memoir.
17
E. Jean Carroll leaves the Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse following a hearing in her
defamation lawsuit against Trump, on Wednesday, Oct. 21, 2020, in New York.© John Minchillo, AP
Trump was questioned under oath in the defamation lawsuit in October after
his attorneys had tried to block or delay the deposition.
"This case is nothing more than a political ploy like many others" against
Trump, his lawyer Alina Habba said at the time.
18
Ploy = plot, a political manipulation
The tax-fraud trial is nearly concluded against two Trump companies, which
are accused of providing company-paid perks to top executives who could
then avoid paying taxes.
Allen Weisselberg, the company's onetime chief financial officer who has
pleaded guilty to taking $1.7 million in off-the-books compensation, testified
that the former president’s son, Eric Trump, raised his pay $200,000 after an
internal audit spurred by Trump's 2016 election found that he'd been reducing
his salary and bonuses by the cost of the perks.
The raises boosted Weisselberg's annual pay to $1.14 million, extra cash he
said he used to pay for things Trump and the company previously covered: rent
on a Manhattan apartment, Mercedes-Benz cars for him and his wife, and
tuition for his grandchildren.
Trump is not charged in the criminal case and has not been in court for the
trial.
19
Former CFO Allen Weisselberg leaves the courtroom for a lunch recess during a trial at the New York Supreme
Court on November 17, 2022, in New York City.© Michael M. Santiago, Getty Images
The tax fraud case is the only trial so far to arise from the Manhattan district
attorney's three-year investigation of Trump and his business practices. If
convicted, the companies could be fined more than $1 million and face
difficulty making deals.
20
Lawyers debate need for special master to review Mar-
a-Lago documents
Lawyers for Trump and the Justice Department spent Tuesday sparring over
the special master assigned to review 11,000 documents seized at Mar-a-
Lago.
FBI agents seized the records as part of a criminal investigation searching for
evidence of violations of the Espionage Act or obstruction of justice. The
special master, U.S. District Judge Raymond Dearie, is helping to determine
whether investigative use of the documents should be blocked if they are
personal records or fall under attorney-client or executive privilege.
But the Justice Department contends the review wasn’t necessary. A three-
judge panel of theU.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit is weighing
whether to overturn U.S. District Judge Aileen Cannon’s order authorizing the
special master.
During the Tuesday hearing, judges questioned Trump’s challenge to the Mar-
a-Lago search, saying the time to prevent their use in laying the foundation for
any potential criminal charges against him would be after charges are filed.
21
THURSDAY 24 NOVEMBER 2022
OBJECTIVE: VOCABULARY:
HOMEWORK:
Happy Thanksgiving!
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
I’m thankful for having a happy and healthy life.
Family meetings eating Turkey
22
Emmanuel
I’m thankful for my mom and our health.
yes
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
I am thankful for leading a financially comfortable life and coming from a
very nice family
I am thankful for many things. Right now, I feel thankful for my mother
Matt
and my son, since they were here to visit me. I am also thankful to be
able to work and to have a place to live, so many people do not have their
basic needs met.
Basic needs - necessities, essential for living
23
Pues, ya se me fue el apatito mio.
Vocabulary
24
Psychology - the science
Psychologist - the doctor
Nuts - peanuts, almonds, walnuts, cashews
‘Just plain nuts’ - just crazy, nothing else
Bender says - “Nutso, nutso!”
Plain - opposite of lots of flavor or detail, only, nothing more
Current event
25
T apping geothermal energy supplies by drilling down 12.4 miles into the
Earth will 'more than' meet humanity's energy needs, a US firm claims.
Tap - utilize
This heat beneath our feet could provide more than enough clean, renewable
energy to meet global demand and help in the transition away from fossil fuels,
he said.
Houde, who is co-founder and project manager at Quaise Energy, outlined the
technology while speaking at TEDX Boston this month.
'The total energy content of the heat stored underground exceeds our annual
energy demand as a planet by a factor of a billion,' said Houde.
'So tapping into a fraction of that is more than enough to meet our energy
needs for the foreseeable future.'
26
General point - the earth’s core is hot enough to do this for the entire earth, it
would work
It's unclear where the first hole will be drilled or how much the technology will
cost, although reports suggest it could be several billions.
Artist's rendition of the Quaise drilling rig being developed to access the geothermal heat miles below our feet.
Shipping containers on right give scale© Provided by Daily Mail
27
WHAT IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY?
Geothermal energy is heat within the Earth. The word geothermal comes from
the Greek words geo (earth) and therme (heat).
People use geothermal heat for bathing, to heat buildings, and to generate
electricity.
We pour water down a 2 mile hole the steam (water vapor) the pressurized
escaping steam turns an electric generator
Quaise Energy aims to have its first drilling platform live by 2024, the first
wells producing up to 100 megawatts of geothermal energy by 2026, and fossil
power plants repurposed by 2028, delivering clean energy around the world.
This year it's already secured $52 million (£43 million) in funding to help it get
the first drilling rig off the drawing board.
The firm's first plant is very likely going to be in one of the Western United
States – such as California, Oregon, Washington, Utah, Colorado or Nevada –
but it aims to bring them all over the world.
28
'Our current plan is to drill the first holes in the field in the next few years,' said
Houde.
Quaise Energy spun out of the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center in 2018.
The drilling technique has been developed at MIT over the last 15 years and
has been demonstrated in the lab, by drilling a hole in basalt.
The system works by first using conventional rotary drilling to get 1.8 miles
(3km) down to basement rock – a layer of crystalline rock lying above Earth's
mantle.
Illustration of Quaise Energy's drilling technique. Quaise Energy uses a gyrotron - a high-power linear-beam
vacuum tube that generates the millimetre waves© Provided by Daily Mail
29
In the lab at MIT, engineers demonstrated the technology by drilling a hole in basalt with a 1:1 aspect ratio (two
inches deep by two inches in diameter). Pictured, a rock sample with a two-inch diameter hole drilled by a
millimetre wave at MIT Plasma Science Fusion Center © Provided by Daily Mail
30
Pictured, a high-power waveguide pointing at a fresh rock sample before activating the millimetre wave drill at
Oak Ridge National Laboratories© Provided by Daily Mail
2024: First full-scale hybrid drilling rig combining conventional rotary drilling
and millimeter wave drilling capabilities
31
2026: First 'super hot enhanced geothermal system' rated to 100MW of
thermal energy from a handful of wells
2028: First fossil-fired power plant re-powered with clean geothermal steam
These millimetre waves, along with high-pressure gas, are injected through a
pipe all the way down to vaporise the rock.
The rocks turn into ash and are transported back to the surface by gas for
removal.
Currently, the deepest hole that's been drilled to date, the abandoned Kola
borehole in Pechengsky District, Russia, reaches 7.6 miles down.
It took 20 years to drill the Kola borehole because conventional equipment like
mechanical drill bits can't withstand the conditions at those depths.
'The truth is, we'll need hundreds if not thousands of Kola boreholes if we want
to scale geothermal to the capacity that’s needed,' Houde said.
32
Tapping geothermal energy supplies by drilling down 12.4 miles into the Earth will meet humanity's energy needs,
according to Quaise Energy© Provided by Daily Mail
33
Currently, the deepest hole that's been drilled to date, the abandoned Kola borehole in Pechengsky District,
Russia, reaches 7.6 miles down. Pictured, superstructure of the Kola borehole, 2007© Provided by Daily Mail
Renewable sources:
34
Solar - light and heat from the sun.
Biomass - organic material burnt to release stored energy from the sun
Renewables contrast with the more harmful fossil fuels - coal and gas
Nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source. But the material used in
nuclear power plants - uranium - is a non-renewable.
The firm's gyrotron machine that produces the millimetre wave energy is not
new; it's been used for some 70 years in research toward nuclear fusion as an
energy source.
Millimetre waves 'are ideal for the hard, hot, crystalline rock deep down that
conventional drilling struggles with', he added.
35
They are not as efficient in the softer rock closer to the surface, but 'those are
the same formations that conventional drilling excels at'.
Unlike solar and wind, geothermal energy is available 24/7, which 'can help
balance out the intermittent flows of wind and solar,' he said.
Deep geothermal plants will also have a 'minimal surface footprint' – meaning
they won't need much land, compared with wind and solar.
The problem is, for them to be viable they also have to be close enough to a
power grid, making geothermal power plants relatively rare.
36
The goal is to be able to repurpose existing fossil fuel power plants, replacing burning coal with 900F heat from
miles below the surface of the Earth© Provided by Daily Mail
The company also plans to use its drilling technology to re-power traditional
power plants, saving infrastructure costs and making use of the current oil and
gas industry's workforce.
Houde did admit that there are still several challenges that must be solved to
scale the technology, such as gaining a better understanding of rock
properties at great depths and advancing the supply chain for gyrotrons.
37
HOW IT WORKS: HIGH ENERGY BEAM
VAPORIZES ROCKS
It is the only renewable solution with the potential to get us to net zero by
2050. It is renewable, inexhaustible, and available everywhere.
First, a conventional rotary drill is used to get to basement rock. Then, high-
power millimeter waves are used to reach unprecedented depths.
This will allow drilling to reach depths of up to 12.4 miles below the surface,
where temperatures reach 900°F (500°C).
Hotter geothermal has more power density than traditional, near surface
geothermal energy.
38
At these temperatures, geothermal is so powerful that it can re-power most
fossil-fired power plants.
39
40
Final exam review
Remember: We often change to past tense, check all your verbs! Past perfect is
commonly used.
The original object becomes the new subject.
Héctor Joaquin
1
2
Ángel
1
2
Carmen
1 Coffee was made by me yesterday.
2 My dad was bitten by a dog yerteday.
Emmanuel
1
2
PAOLA LUCIA
1
2
Adriel
1
2
Arianna
1 Coffee was made by me yesterday
2 My dad was bitten by a dog yesterday
41
Rewrite this sentence replacing If with unless.
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Valentino
Unless I earn enough money, I won’t study abroad
Adriel
Conjunctions
Write sentences using the following conjunctions: Also, and, but, even
though, although, however, and because.
1. Also
2. And
3. But
4. Even though
5. Although
42
6. However
7. Because
Although and even though are two conjunctions (linking words) that are
used to show contrast. Though these two terms have similar meanings
and are used in similar grammatical contexts, there is a slight difference
between although and even though. Even though is slightly stronger
and emphatic than although. This is the key difference between although
and even though. However, these two conjunctions can be used
interchangeably in most contexts.
Ángel
1. Also: Sometimes I like to read and write and also I watch movies and
series.
4. Even though: You never listen to me, even though I never lied to you.
43
7. Because: She won, because she put in a lot of effort.
1. Also → I like sunny days but I also prefer cloudy ones more.
Carmen
4. Even though → They rushed even though they weren’t late for their
flight.
Emmanuel
1. Also: My neighbors were also at the show that night
3. But: She’s 40 years old , but she looks much younger than her real age
44
5. Although: I enjoyed the course, although I would have liked more
grammar practice.
6. However:
7. Because
1. Also
2. And
3. But
PAOLA LUCIA 4. Even though
5. Although
6. However
7. Because
Adriel
2. And: eating healthy helps you lose weight and have good digestion
6. However: however difficult life may seem, you have to keep going
45
Even though = despite
OBJECTIVE: VOCABULARY:
46
47
HOMEWORK:
Question of the day: What was the last news item or current
event to interest you?
Héctor Joaquin
Well I think the last important news that I was interested in was the
World Cup inauguration, also the debut of Argentina in the competition.
Ángel
The last item of news that interested me was about the accident at the
Carmen Lima - Perú airport where two firefighters died due to colliding with the
wing of a plane that was about to take off.
Valentino
The most recent event that interested me is the Fifa World Cup. I was
waiting for it four years ago so it’s very special for me.
Emmanuel
Well, usually I don't watch the news and I think the most interesting
PAOLA LUCIA event is that there will be no school on wednesday and thursday, but I
don't know why.
Adriel
Arianna
48
Smile of the Day
Vocabulary
49
Psychology - the science
Psychologist - the doctor
Nuts - peanuts, almonds, walnuts, cashews
‘Just plain nuts’ - just crazy, nothing else
Bender says - “Nutso, nutso!”
Plain - opposite of lots of flavor or detail, only, nothing more
Current event
50
Donald Trump / Letitia James Getty Images© Provided by Business Insider
The state of New York is suing Donald Trump. They was to bar him
(forbid, prevent) from doing business in New York. Donald must
appear in court, this hasn’t happened before.
51
Until now = so far
Donald Trump will personally take the stand in Manhattan next year to defend
his real-estate and golf-resort empire from New York Attorney General Letitia
James' $250 million fraud lawsuit, which seeks to bar him from doing business
in the state.
The revelation came on Tuesday as lawyers for Trump and the attorney
general's office hashed out a trial schedule in the lawsuit before the judge who
will render a verdict at the trial, now scheduled for October 2, 2023.
Since his presidency, Trump has shunned publicly testifying or being privately
deposed in the many lawsuits he has been involved in.
But now, James' lawsuit is threatening the very survival of his Manhattan-
headquartered business.
52
Threaten = to put in danger
"They will be here," lawyer Alina Habba, who represents the company and
Trump himself. "All of them."
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
53
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
Conjunctions
Write sentences using the following conjunctions: Also, and, but, even
54
though, although, however, and because.
1. Also
2. And
3. But
4. Even though
5. Although
6. However
7. Because
5. Questions
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
Prepositions
Write the preposition that best completes each sentence.
55
7. The reason _______ the silence is to show respect.
While = during
With travels it’s better ON, because more synonyms of travel use ON
With dates, ON is only for days (“on the 16th)
Modals
Write the modal that best completes each sentence.
56
2. Either you can wash it now or tomorrow.
You can wash it either now or tomorrow.
3. Neither Sue nor Sara are married.
Notice: with negative sentences, you must use neither at the beginning of the
sentence, you don’t have option for sentence order.
Also notice: Neither and nor carry the negative, so the verb goes back to positive (-1
x -1 = +1) - we don’t want the double negative.
Fill in the blank with the bare infinitive (no ‘to’), full infinitive, or gerund
form of the verb.
Sentence Parts
Write the name of the sentence part between brackets [ ]. (subject, verb,
direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition).
57
How are sentence parts different from word classes?
The direct receives the action of the verb, the indirect object receives the ‘benefit’
or results of the action
Well, this weekend was unique, Well I think the last important
because in Qatar the FIFA World news that I was interested in
Cup started, I saw that was the World Cup inauguration,
inauguration, it was not too also the debut of Argentina in
good like the previous. The best the competition.
one in my opinion…
inauguration of “FIFA WORLD
CUP BRAZIL”.
58
My weekend was good. I went The last item of news that
out with my friends and interested me was about the
watched a movie with my accident at the Lima - Perú
family. We also watched the airport where two firefighters
World Cup with friends and died due to colliding with the
made a cake. wing of a plane that was about
Qatar and Ecudor to take off.
59
FRIDAY 17 NOVEMBER 2022
OBJECTIVE: VOCABULARY:
HOMEWORK:
Question of the day: What are your plans for this weekend?
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
This weekend is my friend’s birthday so I’ll go to his party and I’ll also do
homework
Carmen
For this weekend I planned to go out with my family, watch the world cup
with my dad and friends and finish my homework.
Adriel
This weekend, I will go to my friend’s party. Then I will visit my
grandmother.
Arianna
60
Teacher
What is a convenience store? A convenience store sells basic needs (coffee, soap,
soda). It is smaller than a supermarket.
What is an inconvenience? Makes something more difficult.
→ I have to walk to work today and it is raining.
61
Vocabulary
Cats:
Calico - lots of large different colored spots
Tabby - orange with tiger stripes
62
Order of adjectives:
Opinion
Description (color last)
Material or origin
Prepositions
Write the preposition that best completes each sentence.
1 5
Héctor Joaquin
2 6
3 7
4
Ángel 1. My father ate while I did the dishes.
2. We visited Cusco on our visit to Peru.
3. Did you give him money for the gas?
63
4. I am anxious for her answer.
5. My son was born in January.
6. It was kind of her to bring cookies.
7. The reason for the silence is to show respect.
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
Modals
Write the modal that best completes each sentence.
64
5. ___Would________ you be willing to lend me five dollars?
6. He ____must_______ have liked those last year.
7. ___May________ I have more water?
1 5
Héctor Joaquin
2 6
3 7
4
1. Must
2. Can
3. Have to
Ángel 4. Can
5. Could
6. Should
7. Could
Carmen 1.
1. Could
2. Might
3. Must
Valentino 4. Can
5. Would
6. Should
7. May
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
65
'both' and the appropriate paired conjunction. (and, or, nor..)
1
Héctor Joaquin 2
3
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
Fill in the blank with the bare infinitive (no ‘to’), full infinitive, or gerund
form of the verb.
66
2. The director ordered me (be) _____to be_________________in his office
at 10:00.
3. I’m sorry for (insult) ______insulting________________ your mother.
4. Could you help me (lift) ________ lift___________ this box?
1
Héctor Joaquin
2
3
4
Ángel
1. Eating
Valentino
2. To be
3. Insulting
4. To lift
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
OBJECTIVE: VOCABULARY:
67
● Grammar review: Grammar Book p. 24-29
● Final Exam review
HOMEWORK:
I think the most special memory that I have was when I was 10 years old,
because one time my teacher taught me a great phrase “Not by force, just
Héctor Joaquin be kind”. It was a great moment.
Kill ‘em with kindness. = se puede usar la bondad como espada efectiva
Carmen
Any time I spend with family and close friends I feel is special, that’s why I
don’t have any in specific.
PAOLA LUCIA
68
Adriel
Sincerely, I don’t have a special memory because my life is so boring. But
a good memory can be when my family adopted a dog.
Arianna
A special memory for me are the Christmas mornings when my son was
Teacher little and believed in Santa Claus. His eyes would get so big when he
woke up and saw gifts under the tree.
69
Leyenda - fuente de juventud
Vocabulary
70
Full = lleno
Be excused = recibir permiso de salir
To reach - lograr, alcanzar
Elementary - primaria
Scholar - student (noun - person)
Scholastic - studious (adjective)
Lately - recientemente
Hard - duro, dificil
Hardly = barely = casi no o apenas
Lately = recientemente
Late = tarde
Elementary - primaria
Foreign - extranjero
Order of adjectives:
Opinion
Description (color last)
Material or origin
71
Grammar review
Opinion
Description (color last)
Material or origin
72
Adverbs are usually -ly, but not always
There is often an option where we place adverbs in a sentence.
Soft - suave
The soft pillow
73
Adverbs of frequency can be at the beginning or end of sentence - note: it can
change emphasis
Other adverbs usually, but not always, at the end of a sentence or clause, in the
order manner, place, duration (time), frequency
74
Many fashionable diets promise you will quickly see results without hard work to
achieve them.
However, these diets often involve cutting out certain types of food completely .
75
Many diet pills which advertisers claim have been tested scientifically are either
dangerous or ineffective.
In fact, the only way to safely and permanently lose weight is to eat less and
exercise more.
76
Final exam review
Practice review I
DECIDED/FELT/THOUGHT
Respond to these sentences using complete sentences.
Remember: Test sentences should be short and simple. Long answers are more
opportunity to make mistakes.
Ángel
1
2
Carmen
1.
2.
Valentino 1. Yes, but I thought that first I needed to pack the suitcases.
77
2. No, she felt that she wasn’t ready yet.
Emmanuel
1
2
PAOLA LUCIA
1
2
Adriel
1
2
Matt
CONDITIONALS
With conditionals on exams, they care more about verb tenses than the
situation.
Ángel
Fly - past simple - flew
- Past participle - flown
78
1. If I don’t study for the exam, I will fail it. (First)
Valentino 2. If I were you, I would give him an opportunity. (Second)
3. If I had been at the farm, I would have seen the animals. (Third)
1
Adriel 2
3
ADJECTIVE ORDER
Write complete sentences and put the words in the correct order.
The first letter of these words spell 'OSASCOMP' and thinking about the word
'osascomp' is a great way to remember the order of adjectives.
Determiners (words like 'a' or 'some' or' several') go at the beginning. We also put
adverbs like 'really' and 'very' at the beginning, after the determiners.
79
Opinion
Description (color last)
Material or origin
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Combine the sentences into one using relative clauses.
1. My little brother goes to school every day. The school bus arrives.
2. My company meets in New York frequently. We have offices there.
3. My mother is an actress. She lives in LA.
4. The book is about Sherpa guides. They live in Tibet.
1. My little brother goes to school every day when the school bus
arrives.
Héctor Joaquin
2. My company meets in New York frequently where we have offices
there.
3. My mother is an actress who lives in LA.
4. The book is about Sherpa guides who live in Tibet.
1 My little brother goes to school every day when the school bus arrives.
Ángel
2 My company meets in New York frequently where we have offices.
3 My mother is an actress who lives in L.A.
4 The book is about Sherpa guides who live in Tibet.
1
Carmen
2
3
4
Valentino 1. My little brother goes to school everyday when the school bus
arrives.
80
2. My company meets in New York frequently where we have offices.
3. My mother is an actress who lives in LA.
4. The book is about Sherpa guides who live in Tibet.
1
Emmanuel
2
3
4
1
PAOLA LUCIA
2
3
4
1
Adriel
2
3
4
1
Arianna
2
3
4
SAY/TELL/ASK
Complete the sentences with the verb. Use the correct form of the verb.
The main difference between Say and Tell is that Say is used to characterize the
actions of uttering something, maybe an opinion or a suggestion whereas Tell is
used to communicate instructions, orders, and advice.
Tell always has a target audience, say could be said to the air, or everyone, or no
one.
Tell always has an object recipient.
81
I told him to go outside.
I said to go outside.
1
Carmen
2
3
4
1
Emmanuel
2
3
4
82
1
PAOLA LUCIA
2
3
4
1
Adriel
2
3
4
REPORTED/INDIRECT SPEECH
Rewrite each sentence as reported/indirect speech.
Remember:
1. take out the colon and quotation marks,
2. use ‘said/says’ ‘told/tell’ ‘asked/asks’,
3. use ‘that’ or ‘this’,
4. change to past tense if necessary.
5. remember, we may have to change perspective (I, you, he, etc..)
Héctor Joaquin
1. Jose says that’s a great car you bought.
2. Maria asked me if I would help her?
Ángel
1 Jose said you bought a great car.
2 Maria asked me if I can help her.
Carmen
1. Jose says that’s a great car you bought.
2. Maria asked me if I could help her.
Valentino 1. Jose said that it was a great car I bought.
83
2. Maria asked me if I could help her.
Emmanuel
1 Jose said that it was a great car I bought
2 Maria asked me if I could help her
PAOLA LUCIA
1
2
Adriel
1
2
GET
Write the meaning of GET for each sentence.
84
1 Understand
Héctor Joaquin
2 Possession
3 Arrive
4
1
Ángel
2
3
4
1
Carmen
2
3
4
1. Get = understand
Valentino
2. Get = possesed
3. Get = arrive
4. Get = obligation
1
Emmanuel
2
3
4
1
PAOLA LUCIA
2
3
4
1
Adriel
2
3
4
85
TAG QUESTIONS
Write the question tags for the statements.
1
Ángel
2
3
4
1
Carmen
2
3
4
1. Do you?
Valentino
2. Are we?
3. Doesn’t she
4. Can’t you?
86
2
3
4
1
Adriel
2
3
4
Practice review II
3. Compound & Complex Sentences
Combine the two sentences into one sentence using 'either', 'neither', or 'both' and
the appropriate paired conjunction. (and, or, nor..)
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
87
Write questions for the answers that are provided.
Q:
A: He’s an engineer..
Q:
A: She lives in Lima.
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
6. Tag Questions
Write appropriate ‘tags’ for the following questions.
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
88
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Arianna
89
FRIDAY 11 NOVEMBER 2022
OBJECTIVE: VOCABULARY:
HOMEWORK:
Question of the day: What are your plans for the weekend?
Héctor Joaquin
This weekend is a friend’s birthday so I’ll be going to his party and also
Ángel going to a car show.
62 shelby corvette
Carmen
This weekend I will go to see my sister play basketball and I will study for
my physics exam.
Valentino
Emmanuel To study for the english exam and other exams next week
90
PAOLA LUCIA well I'm going to download both days and study for my exam
Adriel
This weekend we don’t have plans, but I am still excited - my son is here
Teacher to visit for 3 weeks! We’ll probably play basketball and go out to eat, and
watch American football on Sunday.
91
Popcorn - canchita
palmites
92
Vocabulary
Attended my class
Took a class
Had class
Attended is the safest verb
To ring - bells ring - ‘the phone rang, it was my brother’, also ‘the church bells ring
on sundays’
To thrive - to grow well, to live well - everyone must vote and participate for
democracy to thrive, plants thrive with lots of sun and water
Greed - Is Vladimir Putin greedy? - wants everything for themselves, like selfish,
celoso
Weakness - una debilidad ‘There is a weakness in the foundation due to the
earthquake’ also ‘I have a weakness for ice cream.’
Proud - orgulloso - can be good or bad
Sash - scarf that you wear as a belt (pirate style), or around your chest (president
style)
Alongside - next to
To defeat - ‘I defeated my enemy, I won’, ‘My Raiders were defeated by the visiting
team, my Raiders lost’
To betray - to go contrary to a promise, Benedict Arnold tried to betray George
Washington to the British.
Defeat = vencer
Overcome = superar
93
Wealth - how much money and property you have
Wealthy = rich
Harsh = mean, hard (bravo, duro), opposite of kind
To reign = to have absolute power, similar to rule (kings reign)
To yell = to shout (gritar), to cry out (different from to cry)
To approach = to get closer to (acercarse)
Grow - crescer, criar
Harvest - cosechar
Island we say like eye-land
Spaniard we say like span-yard
Native = indiginous
To raid = to steal, to rob
Conquer - we say like kon-ker
Feast - In the US, we have a huge turkey feast on Thanksgiving - a huge meal,
usually many guests
To conquer (kon-ker) - To take control of a place or person through the use of
military force.
Conqueror - conquistador
Alongside - beside, next to, often used with cars and boats - their relative locations
to each other
Rights and privileges = derechos y privilegios
94
ever/never - ever is for positive use, never for negative use
or/nor - or is for positive use, nor is for negative use
Always - siempre - different from ever
Pox = disease
95
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Robin Hood - 1200-1300 English legend of a criminal who only robbed the rich,
then gave the money to the poor. Fought against King Richard.
Legend - leyenda
Grammar Review:
96
When a principle verb is followed by a 2nd principle verb, we must use infinitive
or change to +ing noun
97
1. Always look to context for true meaning - there can be subtle differences
in meaning if it is +ing or infinitive
2. Sometimes the infinitive is safer, for instance, when expressing
preferences
read
Future - use infinitive
One occurrence - use infinitive
Habit, many occurrences - we can use +ing
1. To offend
2. Smoking
98
3. Having (notice in this example have is 3rd verb in a row)(note: 1st -
conjugated, 2nd - infinitive, 3rd - +ing general activity
4. Writing (note: with present perfect, we usually follow with +ing general
activity)
5. To learn
6. Helping (note: with enjoyment, like, gusto we often speaking of general
activity)
7. To study (note: there are 3 verbs here, and cannot use 2 +ing form verbs
together)
8. With future tense, often general activity - traveling
9. With present perfect - getting - similar example to #4
10. With simple past, often infinitive if refers to a one time occurrence. If
refers to a habit, or repeated occurrence, then often general activity.
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
99
1. If it is the subject, it will be general activity +ing.
2. If it is a complement to BE, it should be general activity +ing, although the
infinitive is common, even though incorrect
3. After a progressive, we CAN use general activity +ing form, though usually
we do not use two +ing forms together
100
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
101
Practice review I
DECIDED/FELT/THOUGHT
Respond to these sentences using complete sentences.
CONDITIONALS
ADJECTIVE ORDER
Write complete sentences and put the words in the correct order.
The first letter of these words spell 'OSASCOMP' and thinking about the word
'osascomp' is a great way to remember the order of adjectives.
Determiners (words like 'a' or 'some' or' several') go at the beginning. We also put
adverbs like 'really' and 'very' at the beginning, after the determiners.
102
5. Color: black, red, yellow
6. Origin: British, Chinese, French
7. Material: woolen, wooden, silk
8. Purpose: writing (paper), school (shoes)
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Combine the sentences into one using relative clauses.
1. My little brother goes to school every day. The school bus arrives.
2. My company meets in New York frequently. We have offices there.
3. My mother is an actress. She lives in LA.
4. The book is about Sherpa guides. They live in Tibet.
SAY/TELL/ASK
Complete the sentences with the verb. Use the correct form of the verb.
The main difference between Say and Tell is that Say is used to characterize the
actions of uttering something, maybe an opinion or a suggestion whereas Tell is
used to communicate instructions, orders, and advice.
REPORTED/INDIRECT SPEECH
103
Rewrite each sentence as reported/indirect speech.
GET
Write the meaning of GET for each sentence.
TAG QUESTIONS
Write the question tags for the statements.
104
Practice review II
1. Prepositions
Write the preposition that best completes each sentence.
2. Modals
Write the modal that best completes each sentence.
105
4. Conjunctions
Write sentences using the following conjunctions: Also, and, but, even though,
although, however, and because.
1. Also
2. And
3. But
4. Even though
5. Although
6. However
7. Because
5. Questions
Q:
A: He’s an engineer..
Q:
A: She lives in Lima.
6. Tag Questions
Write appropriate ‘tags’ for the following questions.
106
1. I’m going to California. (Direct Speech)
2. They’re happy about receiving the discount. (Reported speech)
3. I hope you drive safely. (Direct Speech)
8. Passive Voice
9. Conditionals
Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses, using the conditional form
indicated
Fill in the blank with the bare infinitive (no ‘to’), full infinitive, or gerund form of the verb.
107
2. The director ordered me (be) ________to be______________in his office at 10:00.
3. I’m sorry for (insult) ______________________ your mother.
4. Could you help me (lift) ____to lift_____lift_____________ this box?
OBJECTIVE: VOCABULARY:
108
● Welcome to class!
● Vocabulary review: Write a question for your
classmates
● Comprehension questions: ‘Mexico’s Fight
for Independence’ (RB 105-106)
● Grammar review: Using -ING (GB 95-96, 102-
103)
HOMEWORK:
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
I admire the U.S.A. visually because it has many beautiful places that I
would want to go.
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
109
Teacher
Vocabulary
110
Whoa - an expression of surprise
We use ‘smell’ for giving odor or receiving odor, both
Odor - can be good or bad, neutral word
Attended my class
Took a class
Had class
Attended is the safest verb
To ring - bells ring - ‘the phone rang, it was my brother’, also ‘the church bells ring
on sundays’
To thrive - to grow well, to live well - everyone must vote and participate for
democracy to thrive, plants thrive with lots of sun and water (
Greed - Is Vladimir Putin greedy? - wants everything for themselves, like selfish,
celoso
Weakness - una debilidad ‘There is a weakness in the foundation due to the
earthquake’ also ‘I have a weakness for ice cream.’
Proud - orgulloso - can be good or bad
Sash - scarf that you wear as a belt (pirate style), or around your chest (president
style)
Alongside - next to
To defeat - ‘I defeated my enemy, I won’, ‘My Raiders were defeated by the visiting
team, my Raiders lost’
To betray - to go contrary to a promise, Benedict Arnold tried to betray George
Washington to the British. (go against)
Defeat = vencer
Overcome = superar
Wealth - how much money and property you have
Wealthy = rich
111
Harsh = mean, hard (bravo, duro), opposite of kind
To reign = to have absolute power, similar to rule (kings reign)
To yell = to shout (gritar), to cry out (different from to cry)
To approach = to get closer to (acercarse)
Grow - crescer, criar
Harvest - cosechar
Island we say like eye-land
Spaniard we say like span-yard
Native = indiginous
To raid = to steal, to rob
Conquer - we say like kon-ker
Feast - In the US, we have a huge turkey feast on Thanksgiving - a huge meal,
usually many guests
To conquer (kon-ker) - To take control of a place or person through the use of
military force.
Conqueror - conquistador
Alongside - beside, next to, often used with cars and boats - their relative locations
to each other
Rights and privileges = derechos y privilegios
dates:
day/month/year - most of the world
month/day/year - the US
112
ever/never - ever is for positive use, never for negative use
or/nor - or is for positive use, nor is for negative use
Always - siempre - different from ever
113
Have you ever thought about joining a soccer club?
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
If you are going to live on an island for ten months, what stuff would you
take to the island? gonna= informal// going to=formal
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Comprehension questions
114
1. Spaniards
2. He wanted to trade jewelry for ships.
115
Discuss ‘Mexico’s Fight for Independence’
1) What dates does Mexico celebrate its Independence?
2) What year did Mexico finally achieve its independence?
3) Who was the first leader of the Mexican revolution? What was his profession?
4) What races or kinds of people existed in Mexico at the time of the revolution?
5) What was the difference between a Mestizo person and a Creole person?
Grammar Review:
116
117
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
118
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
119
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
OBJECTIVE: VOCABULARY:
● Welcome to class!
● Vocabulary review
● Read ‘Mexico’s Fight for Independence’ (RB
99-101)
● Grammar review: -ING (GB 95-96, 102-103)
HOMEWORK:
120
● Review Grammar Book p. 95-96, 102-103
Ángel
I don’t know, but I’m a big fan of the Harry Potter saga, I couldn’t choose
which one is the best.
I don’t have a favorite but I like movies more than anything with drama
or romance.
Carmen
50 First Dates
Adam Sandler and Drew Berrymore
99 Cigarettes
Courtney Love
My favorite movie ever is “Star Wars: The Return of the Jedi”. Because of
Valentino
the first part of the movie in Tatooine and the end of the movie and of
the saga with Darth Vader fighting against Luke Skywalker. ._.
PAOLA LUCIA
My favorite series is with Cher
She-Ra
Adriel
One of my favorite movies was Dark Knight, just because Heath Ledger
Matt was sooo good as the Joker. He killed the role. There have been other
good Jokers, but not as good as him, nor will there ever be, I suspect.
ever/never
121
or/nor
Vocabulary
122
Whoa - an expression of surprise
We use ‘smell’ for giving odor or receiving odor, both
Attended my class
Took a class
Had class
To ring - ‘the phone rang, it was my brother’, also ‘the church bells ring on sundays’
To thrive - to grow well, to live well - everyone must vote and participate for
democracy to thrive, plants thrive with lots of sun and water
Greed - Is Vladimir Putin greedy? - wants everything for themselves, like selfish,
celoso
Weakness - una debilidad, ‘There is a weakness in the foundation due to the
earthquake’ also ‘I have a weakness for ice cream.’
Proud - orgulloso - can be good or bad
Sash - scarf that you wear as a belt, or around your chest (torso)
Alongside - next to
To defeat - ‘I defeated my enemy, I won’, ‘My Raiders were defeated by the visiting
team, my Raiders lost’
To betray - to go contrary to a promise, Benedict Arnold tried to betray George
Washington to the British.
Defeat = vencer
Overcome = superar
Wealth - how much money and property you have
Wealthy = rich
Harsh = mean, hard (bravo, duro)
To reign = to have absolute power, similar to rule (kings reign)
123
To yell = to shout (gritar), to cry out (different from to cry)
To approach = to get closer to (acercarse)
Grow - crescer, criar
Harvest - cosechar
Island we say like eye-land
Spaniard we say like span-yard
Native = indiginous
To raid = to steal, to rob
Conquer - we say like con-ker
124
Choose one word that is unfamiliar and write it below
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Feast - In the US, we have a huge turkey feast on Thanksgiving - a huge
meal, usually many guests
125
Feast
Valentino Alongside - beside, next to, often used with cars and boats their relative
locations to each other
Emmanuel
Grammar Review:
126
127
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
128
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
129
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
OBJECTIVE: VOCABULARY:
● Welcome to class!
● Vocabulary (RB 99-101)
● Begin reading ‘Mexico’s Fight for
Independence’ (RB 99-101)
● Grammar review: -ING Forms (GB 95)
HOMEWORK:
130
● Read Grammar Book p. 102, Do exercise 44a p. 102
I have never been able to do stand up, I think it would be great to make
Héctor Joaquin people laugh.
Ángel
I have never skydived, but I would like to.
Be vs tener
Carmen
PAOLA LUCIA
Matt
I have never been able to stand up on a surfboard, though I think I could if
I tried again.
131
Boneless - sin hueso
Ranch - granjero - where we raise animals
Farm - finca - where we grow plants
Vocabulary
Attended my class
Took a class
Had class
132
Attended is the safest verb
To ring - ‘the phone rang, it was my brother’, also ‘the church bells ring on sundays’
To thrive - to grow well, to live well - everyone must vote and participate for
democracy to thrive, plants thrive with lots of sun and water
Greed - Is Vladimir Putin greedy? - wants everything for themselves, like selfish,
celoso
Weakness - una debilidad, ‘There is a weakness in the foundation due to the
earthquake’ also ‘I have a weakness for ice cream.’
Proud - orgulloso - can be good or bad
Sash - scarf that you wear as a belt, or around your chest (torso)
Alongside - next to
To defeat - ‘I defeated my enemy, I won’, ‘My Raiders were defeated by the visiting
team, my Raiders lost’
To betray - to go contrary to a promise, Benedict Arnold tried to betray George
Washington to the British.
133
Conquer - we say like con-ker
134
Choose one word that is unfamiliar and write it below
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
To betray - to break trust in something serious - Benedict Arnold tried to
turn George Washington over to the British, he betrayed him
Carmen
Valentino
To spread - to distribute evenly - we spread butter on bread
To harvest - to collect the crops - cosechar
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
To disappear - Amelia Ereheart disappeared while flying around the world
- to never be found
Grammar review
135
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
136
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
OBJECTIVE: VOCABULARY:
● Welcome to class!
● Vocabulary (RB 99-101)
● Begin reading ‘Mexico’s Fight for
Independence’ (RB 99-101)
● Review: 2nd and 3rd conditionals (GB 147,
149)
● Grammar review: -ING Forms (GB 95)
HOMEWORK:
137
Question of the day: How was your weekend? What did you
do?
Héctor Joaquin
It was pretty good, I helped my parents with the new furniture we put in
my house.
Ángel
My weekend was good. I did homework and went out with friends. I also
watched Harry Potter 2 with my brother.
Carmen
My weekend was good, I went out with my friends, I helped my mom
with some things.
My weekend was sort of bad because I had a little pain near my waist,
Valentino
although on Sunday I went to my cousin’s house to celebrate his
graduation.
Basico - we say general ed
Emmanuel On my weekend, I practiced for my exam and I went to walk with my dog
PAOLA LUCIA
Well my weekend was good, I went to some games with my friends and I
had a lot of fun and I also studied for my exam.
Adriel I played soccer with my friends. I ate delicious food with my family.
138
Smile of the Day
Vocabulary
139
Choose two words that are unfamiliar and write them below
140
Héctor Joaquin
Nearby - near, but when referring to two objects, not subject.
Sash
Ángel
Sash - scarf that is used as a belt, pirate style
Harsh - bad, rough, mean
-To ring - sonar un campana - church bells ring on sunday, old fashioned
telephones ring
Valentino
-To reign - is rule over, to be the king, to have absolute authority
-Greed/greedy - Is Vladimir Putin greedy? Yes - to want it all for yourself,
to not share. Scrooge was greedy.
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
141
Era
Dreams or wishes
142
Lost opportunities or arrepentimientos - regrets
143
I will go home if it rains.
I will not go home, unless it rains
144
Grammar Review: -ING Forms
We add -ing to a verb to make a noun or adjective
145
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen
Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
146
FRIDAY 4 NOVEMBER 2022
OBJECTIVE: VOCABULARY:
● Welcome to class!
● Vocabulary (RB 89-91)
● Continue reading ‘Natural Wonders of the
World’ (RB 89-91)
● Zero and first conditionals (GB 146)
HOMEWORK:
TGIF!
Question of the day: What are your plans for the weekend?
Héctor Joaquin
Carmen
On my weekend I plan to do some homework, go out with my friends and
watch a lot of movies.
147
I will watch some Spanish soccer league games and also play video games
Valentino with my brother. On Sunday perhaps I will watch a movie with my family
and my cousin is gonna come tomorrow so I will take care of him.
Emmanuel My plan for this weekend is to study for my exam and play videogames.
PAOLA LUCIA
Adriel
Play video games with my friends and play piano.
Twisted Metal
Sunday we are going to visit a rose nursery in Cartago and then have
Matt
dinner with my Aunt. Saturday we have no plans, so I’ll do chores and
play video games, I imagine.
Fallout 76
148
Sucedimos, llegamos - we made it - like ‘to manage to’
Vocabulary
149
Soap = jabon
Regarding = en cuanto de
Bucket list = informal list of things I want to do
Seaweed - we wrap sushi in seaweed - plants that grow in the ocean - kelp is
seaweed
To Erode - to wear away, to wear down, to make smooth - the ocean erodes the cliff
To breed - to mate animals, or to reproduce in general - to make babies
Breathtaking - so good or so bad that it takes your breath away
Crust - bread has a crust, the earth has a crust - corteza - bark is the crust or skin of
a tree
Fissure - we say like ‘fisher’ - a crack in the earth, the fissure between the earth’s
crusts = faults
Reef = coral reef, many corals together in a formation
Cinder - ash (white or gray), cinder is burnt and black, still has a little carbon
Endangered - pandas - the species is in danger of going extinct
Jagged - can scratch, not smooth, similar to rough
Tribe - a group of people
A tower - a really high building
Towering - have to look up to see the top
To take over - to take leadership of, to have power over
Water flows through a valley - correr
Through - thru - threw - we say the same
Wonder = amazing, un marvilla
Wonders might be things that are unique
Man-made is opposite natural
To wonder = poner a pensar sin saber
If… then…
IF is the condition, THEN is the result
The most important is the verb form
150
Reef - a cliff or mountain or barrier underwater made of coral
Jagged - opposite of smooth, like ‘rough’
Whale - ballena
To erode - the waves of the ocean erode (wear away) the cliffs
to carve - we carve designs in wood, or we carve statues
Breathtaking - something so extreme (good or bad) that it take away your breath
Take over
Towering
Layers
To wonder - to think about something without knowing the answer
Wonder (noun) - maravilla
Plateau - high flat area - we say plat-toe
Carved - we say like carv’d
Geologist - scientist who studies the earth
151
Forma = shape
Choose two words that are unfamiliar and write them below
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen Sharyt
Diego Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
152
Conditionals
153
If he hasn’t read your email yet, you..
If he doesn’t read your email, you…
For questions and negative verbs, we add an auxiliary verb.
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Carmen Sharyt
Diego Valentino
154
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
155
156
157
THURSDAY 3 NOVEMBER 2022
OBJECTIVE: VOCABULARY:
● Welcome to class!
● Tell us a little about yourself
● Vocabulary (RB 89-91)
● Read ‘Natural Wonders of the World’ (RB 89-
91)
● Zero and first conditionals (GB 146)
HOMEWORK:
Héctor Joaquin
Hi, my name is Angel. I’m 17 years old and from Peru. I like to play soccer,
listen to music, watch Netflix and write a bit of everything.
Ángel
Hindsight is 20/20
History is written by the winners.
Carmen Sharyt
Diego Valentino
Hi, I’m Emmanuel. I am 14 years old and from Peru. I study in high school.
I like to play video games, listen to music, and watch football games,
Emmanuel especially the champions league.
Elementary school
High school
PAOLA LUCIA Hi, my name is Paola, I'm 14 years old and I'm from Peru. I like to play
158
volleyball. I also like dancing. I like cats and dogs, and my favorite food is
pizza.
Hi, I’m Matt! I am happy to have you in my English class. I graduated from
the University of California in Santa Cruz, California. Before teaching, I
Matt managed apartments and worked in construction. I like basketball, golf,
music, and Netflix. I am from San Francisco in California, and now I live in
Costa Rica.
159
Soap = jabon
Vocabulary
160
Choose two words that are unfamiliar and write them below
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
Reef - a cliff or mountain or barrier underwater made of coral
Jagged - opposite of smooth, like ‘rough’
Carmen Sharyt
Diego Valentino
Whale - ballena
To erode
Emmanuel
To erode - the waves of the ocean erode (wear away) the cliffs
to carve - we carve designs in wood, or we carve statues
Take over
Towering
Layers
161
To wonder - to think about something without knowing the answer
Wonder (noun) - maravilla
Plat-toe
Carved - we say like carv’d
Geologist - scientist who studies the earth
Conditionals
162
Héctor Joaquin
Ángel
163
Carmen Sharyt
Diego Valentino
Emmanuel
PAOLA LUCIA
164
THURSDAY 03 NOVEMBER 2022
165
OBJECTIVE: VOCABULARY:
● ●
HOMEWORK:
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