2022 8 04 Harvard CMSA Phase Transition JW

Chiral SM (light sector - nearly massless)
Mirror SM (dark sector - massive gapped)
How many Weyl fermions, per generation and in total,

in the Standard Model (SM)?
Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 0
Quantum Matter Adventure to
Beyond the Standard Model Prediction
Juven Wang
Harvard CMSA
arXiv: 1910.14668 [JHEP], 2106.16248 [PRD], 2111.10369, 2202.13498

2012.15860 [PRD], 2008.06499, 2006.16996,
2112.14765, 2204.08393 [PRD], 1810.00844 [JMP], 1809.11171 [PRR],
2204.14271 [Sym], 2207.14813, 2209.15244, 2212.14036 ...
w/ Yuta Hamada (HU/KEK), Zheyan Wan (YMSC), Yi-Zhuang You (UCSD), ...
PhaseTrans-Topo-Defect Early Universe, Thur, Aug 4, 2022

Two crucial tools in our work:
• What is Mass? How to give Mass?
• Other than Perturbative Local Anomaly,

use Nonperturbative Global Anomaly
cancellation (or matching) to predict Beyond the
Standard Model (BSM) physics.
Two crucial tools in our work:
• What is Mass? How to give Mass?
- Energy eigenvalues of quantum Hamiltonian
p Ĥ has a gap
∆E = E1st − E0 > 0. (Dispersion Ep = m + p 2 above the energy
2
gap, m = ∆E .)
- matter field correlator decays exp(−x/ξ), with ξ = 1/m.
- mean-field vs non-mean-field mass terms in the Lagrangian.
- Symmetric Mass Generation Interaction Oψ ψ̃: hOi = 0 and
hψ ψ̃i = 0, but ∆E 6= 0.
• Other than Perturbative Local Anomaly,

use Nonperturbative Global Anomaly
cancellation (or matching) to predict Beyond the
Standard Model (BSM) physics.
Ideas developed from the quantum matter and quantum field theory
frontier may guide us to explore BSM new physics. we propose a
few such ideas. Three messages:
Part 1. Neutrinos: a right-handed neutrino (massless/massive)
carries a Z16 class mixed gauge-gravitational global anomaly index,
which could be replaced by interacting 4d or 5d gapped topological
quantum field theory, or 4d gapless conformal field theory. These
theories provide new neutrino mass mechanisms [arXiv:2012.15860].
Part 2. Deconfined quantum criticality between Grand Unified
Theories: dictated by a Z2 class mixed gauge-gravitational global
anomaly, a gapless quantum critical region can happen between
Georgi-Glashow and Pati-Salam models as deformation of the
Standard Model, where Beyond the Standard Model physics and
Dark Gauge sector occur as neighbor phases [arXiv:2106.16248,
arXiv:2112.14765, arXiv:2204.08393].
Part 3. Strong CP problem may be solved by a new solution
involving Symmetric Mass Generation [arXiv:2204.14271,
arXiv:2207.14813, ...].
How many Weyl fermions, per generation and in total,

in the Standard Model?
Standard Model (SM) with (15+1)Nf Weyl fermions coupled to
Yang-Mills gauge su(3)c × su(2)L × u(1)Y in representation (rep):
×(Nf = 3).
Each Weyl fermion
2L of Spin(3,1)
d¯R ⊕ lL ⊕ qL ⊕ ūR ⊕ ēR ⊕?ν̄R

= (3, 1)2,L ⊕ (1, 2)−3,L ⊕ (3, 2)1,L ⊕ (3, 1)−4,L ⊕ (1, 1)6,L ⊕?(1, 1)0,L .
SU(3)c ×SU(2)L ×U(1)Y
SM gauge group GSMq ≡ Zq
with q = 1, 2, 3, 6.
If we drop some quarks or leptons in our theory, the God will yell:
“the perturbative local anomalies do not cancel!” How about the
cancellation of nonperturbative global anomalies?
Open Issues:
• Neutrino ν̄R exists or not? (15 vs 16 fermions) How many ν̄R for
Nf = 3? How do νL and ν̄R get masses? Dirac vs Majorana?

Spacetime and internal symmetry of the Standard Model (SM)?
15 or 16 Weyl fermion multiplet (ψL )I = (d¯R ⊕ lL ⊕ qL ⊕ ūR ⊕ ēR )I ⊕ nνI,R ν̄I,R .
Here I, J ∈ {1, 2, . . . , Nf = 3}.
Lagrangian:
X 1 a θ3 2 µνµ0 ν 0 a
LSM = − FI ,µν FIaµν − g3 a
F3,µν F3,µ † µ
0 ν 0 + ψ ( i σ̄ Dµ,A )ψL
L
4 64π 2
I =1,2,3
−(ψL† φψR + h.c.) + |Dµ,A φ|2 − U(φ).
LYH = ψL† φψR + h.c. contains

LdYH + LuYH + LeYH = λdIJ qLI† φdRJ + λuIJ ab qLa
I† ∗ J
φb uR + λeIJ lLI† φeRJ + h.c..
Classically, U(1)B and U(1)L .
Quantum mechanically, ABJ anomaly with gauged GSMq break U(1)B × U(1)L down
to U(1)B−L ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L . Many GUTs violate Z2Nf ,B+L , but the SM preserves Z2Nf ,B+L .
2
• A proton decays (without Z2Nf ,B+L ) vs is stable (with Z2Nf ,B+L ).

S.Koran 2204.01741, JW-Wan-You 2204.08393

Spin
• Spacetime symmetry: Spin group. Diffeomorphism/grav. background. ZF
= SO.
2
• Internal symmetry: U(1)B−L ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L × GSMq .

2
• Internal symmetry after gauging GSMq : U(1)B−L ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L × Ze6/q,[1] × U(1)m
[1] .
2
(n-form symmetry, see also Sungwoo Hong talk)
• We can replace the U(1)B−L to a discrete Z4,X (Wilczek-Zee ’79) that is more robust
and preserves the 4n fermion interactions (quarks and leptons with Z4,X charges 1):
2
X ≡ 5(B − L) − Y.
3
For the SM with Z4,X , see Garcia-Etxebarria-Montero 1808.00009 and our work.

Standard Model and GUT anomaly cancellation
Check: discrete B ± L symmetries, local vs global anomalies, cobordism.

Spacetime-internal symmetry (Spin ×ZF2 U(1)B−L ×ZF2 Z2Nf ,B+L × GSMq ).
Spacetime-internal symmetry (Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X ×ZF2 Z2Nf ,B+L × GSMq ).
4d Anomaly (5d iTQFT) contained in the cobordism group (Nf = 3):
TP5 (Spin ×ZF U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) Z11 × Z9 × Z73 .

=
2
Z5 × Z2 × Z24 × Z16 × Z9 × Z43 , q = 1, 3.

TP5 (Spin ×ZF Z4,X × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) =
2 Z × Z2 × Z4 × Z16 × Z9 × Z3 , q = 2, 6.
5 2 4
TP5 (Spin ×ZF U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × G[1] ) Z2 × Z6/q × Z9 × (Z3 )2 × (Z3 )3n3 .

=
2
TP5 (Spin ×ZF Z4,X × Z3,B+L × G[1] ) Z16 × (Z4 )n2 × Z6/q × Z9 × (Z3 )2n3 .

=
2
TP5 (Spin ×ZF Spin(10)) = Z2 .
2

Y SU(3) ×SU(2) ×U(1)
4d Anomaly (5d iTQFT) of 15,16Nf -fermion GSMq ≡ c
Zq
L
Part 1: JW-Wan-You arXiv:2112.14765

• Spin ×ZF2 U(1)B−L or X × GSMq -symmetry.
Z-class local anomaly B − L or X ≡ 5(B − L) − 32 Y : U(1)3 and U(1)-grav2 :
Z
U(1) 1 T (PD(c1 ))
Z5 ≡ exp( i (−Nf + nνR )(( Ac12 ) + CS3 )).
M 5 48
P
−Nf + nνR ≡ −Nf + j nνj,R = −3 + nνe,R + nνµ,R + nντ,R + . . . .

Y SU(3) ×SU(2) ×U(1)
Zq
L

Z
U(1) 1 T (PD(c1 ))
Z5 ≡ exp( i (−Nf + nνR )(( Ac12 ) + CS3 )).
M 5 48
P
• Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × GSMq -symmetry.
Z16 -class global anomaly of Z4,X -grav2 :
Z
Z 2π i
Z5 4,X ≡ exp( i (−Nf + nνR ) η4 d (PD(AZ2,X ))).
M 16
5

Y SU(3) ×SU(2) ×U(1)
Zq
L

Z
U(1) 1 T (PD(c1 ))
Z5 ≡ exp( i (−Nf + nνR )(( Ac12 ) + CS3 )).
M 5 48
P
Z
Z 2π i
M 16
5
Part 2:
• Spin ×ZF2 Spin(10)-symmetry.
Z2 -class global anomaly. p ∈ Z2 :
Z
Z5 ≡ exp( iπ p w2 w3 )|w2 w3 (TM)=w2 w3 (VSO(n) )
M5
• We can also include Z2Nf ,B+L background field. arXiv:2204.08393
Logic to Ultra Unification
• Z16 global anomaly cancellation application.
Assumptions:
1 Standard Model (SM) Ginternal : Lie algebra su(3) × su(2) × u(1).
GSMq ≡ SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1)
Zq , q = 1, 2, 3, 6.
2 15 × (Nf = 3) Weyl fermions (spacetime Weyl spinors) observed,
applicable to both SM and SU(5) GUT.
3 Discrete Baryon−Lepton number preserved (or not) at high energy:

Z4,X ≡5(B−L)−4Y ⊃ ZF 2 F
2 , so X = (−1) , also dynamically gauged at
higher energy due to no global symmetry in quantum gravity (if we
embed the theory into quantum gravity).
Check: Perturbative local & nonperturbative global anomalies via cobordism.

Logic to Ultra Unification
Consequences: Z16 anomaly index as total (Nf = 3)·(15 = −1 mod 16).
X
(−(Nf = 3) + nνj,R + νnew hidden sectors ) = 0 mod 16.
j=e,µ,τ,...
Anomaly-cancellation?
(1) Standard Lore: R-handed neutrino (16th Weyl) nνj,R = 1.
Z4,X preserved (gapless fermion) vs broken (gap) by Dirac or Majorana mass.
(2) My proposal: New hidden sectors beyond SM (∼ Lieb-Schultz-Mattis thm) :
1 Z4,X -symmetry-preserving anomalous gapped 4d TQFT (Topological
Mass). (Topo.Green-Schwarz mechanism. Boundary topological order [2+1d Vishwanath-Senthil’12].)
2 Z4,X -5d invertible TQFT (SPTs) by cobordism invariant η(PD(AZ2 )).
3 Z4,X -gauged-5d-noninvertible TQFT (SETs) + gravity.
4 Z4,X -symmetry-breaking gapped phase (e.g. Landau phase or 4d TQFT).
5 Z4,X -symmetry-preserving gapless or breaking gapless (e.g., extra CFT).
HEP-PH Gapped Extended Excitation/Objects beyond Particle Physics.
HEP-PH Gapless Unparticle CFT Physics.

theories provide new interacting neutrino mass mechanisms.

15 vs 16 Chessmen ∼ Weyl fermions in the Standard Model.

Theories: dictated by a Z2 class global anomaly, a gapless quantum
critical region can happen between Georgi-Glashow and Pati-Salam
models as deformation of the Standard Model, where Beyond the
Standard Model physics and Dark Gauge sector occur as neighbor
phases [arXiv:2106.16248, arXiv:2112.14765, arXiv:2204.08393].
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Deformation U(ΦR ) = r45 (Φ45 )2 + λ45 (Φ45 )4 + r54 (Φ54 )2 + λ54 (Φ54 )4 + . . . .
Recall GUT breaking in David Dunsky talk

See Isabel Garcia Garcia talk on dark photon.
involving Symmetric Mass Generation (SMG).
CP violating theta angle |θ̄3 | < 10−10 for θ̄3 ≡ θ3R+ arg(det(Mu Md )).
Path integral incldues exp(iθ3 n(3) ), n(3) ≡ 8π1 2 Tr[F (j ) ∧ F (j ) ]. Mu
and Md are two rank-3 matrices specifying the Yukawa-Higgs coupling,
for u , c , t -type and d , s , b -type quarks.
P, C),
Challenge: Left-handed quarks participate weak interaction (
CKM’s δCP is order 1 (
CP). Näive expect: θ̄3 order 1.

Under chiral transformations,
P
θ3 7→ θ3 − f =1,2,3 (αuLf + αdLf − αuRf − αdRf ).
mq 7→ mq e i (αqL −αqR ) .
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(a) massless (b) mean-field mass

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(c) interacting SMG mass

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(disorder mass)
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(gapless / no mass) (symmetry-breaking order mass)

Part 3. Strong CP problem solution:
gapped
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gapless
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phase U
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insulator
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superfluid
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transition
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<latexit sha1_base64="x5DLMrlVBaES2o4qwsyR9WEITsI=">AAAB+HicbVBNTwIxEJ3FL8QPVj16aSQmeCG7xKhHohePmAiSwIZ0u11oaLubtmuChF/ixYPGePWnePPfWGAPCr5kkpf3ZtqZF6acaeN5305hbX1jc6u4XdrZ3dsvuweHbZ1kitAWSXiiOiHWlDNJW4YZTjupoliEnD6Eo5uZ//BIlWaJvDfjlAYCDySLGcHGSn23XI2YTlREFRJY67O+W/Fq3hxolfg5qUCOZt/96kUJyQSVhnD7Qtf3UhNMsDKMcDot9TJNU0xGeEC7lkosqA4m88Wn6NQqEYoTZUsaNFd/T0yw0HosQtspsBnqZW8m/ud1MxNfBRMm08xQSRYfxRlHJkGzFFDEFCWGjy3BRDG7KyJDrDAxNquSDcFfPnmVtOs1/6J2flevNK7zOIpwDCdQBR8uoQG30IQWEMjgGV7hzXlyXpx352PRWnDymSP4A+fzBy6Lksk=</latexit>
(disorder mass)
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(symmetry-breaking order mass)
P P
Hubbard model Ĥ = − <i,j> bi† bj + h.c. + U i (bi† bi )(bi† bi − 1).
• Gapless superfluid phase:
Peccei-Quinn symmetry-breaking, Goldstone mode, axion, etc.
• Gapped insulator phase:
One Strong CP solution (without mirror fermions): u quark obtains
its mass fully from Symmetric Mass Generation (SMG), other quarks
obtain portion of its mass from SMG, other than dominantly by
chiral condensate and Higgs mechanism.
Symmetric Mass Generation (SMG) examples:
• 0+1d Fidkowski-Kitaev interaction gaps 8 Majorana fermions
preserving ZT2 × Z2 :
F
Ĥint = −(c1 c2 c3 c4 + h.c.). hci cj i = hci† cj i = 0.
• 1+1d chiral U(1) 3-4-5-0 model - SMG interaction (JW-Wen):

† †
d 2 x g1 (ψL,3 )(ψL,4 )2 (ψR,5 )(ψR,0 )2 + g2 (ψL,3 )2 (ψL,4 )(ψR,5 )2 (ψR,0 ) + h.c.
R
Sint ≡
R 2 2
Sdisorder ≡ d x φ1 ψL,3 ψR,5 + φ†1 ψL,4 †
ψR,0 + φ†2 ψL,3 ψR,5
†
+ φ22 ψL,4 ψR,0 + h.c. +

√1 φ†1 φ1 + √1 φ†2 φ2 requires no-mean-field mass hφ1 i = hφ2 i = hφ21 i = hφ22 i = 0.
|g1 | |g2 |
• 3+1d chiral SM:

- smooth s-confinement (Razamat-Tong) — difficult complex mass matrix.
- disorder
R parton-scalar
Sint ≡ d 4 x φ(d¯R qL + ν̄R l¯R0 + ēR lL ) + φ†2 ūR dL0 + h.c. requires
no-mean-field mass hφi = hφ2 i = 0.

Part 3. Another Strong CP solution (with mirror fermions) by
Symmetric Mass Generation. Fermion doubling.
L R R 0 L0
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<latexit sha1_base64="jIT3xqkDm7SH2OKmgm9cWIVWalE=">AAAB6XicbVDLTgJBEOzFF+IL9ehlIjF6IruGqEeiF49I5JHAhswOvTBhdnYzM2tCCH/gxYPGePWPvPk3DrAHBSvppFLVne6uIBFcG9f9dnJr6xubW/ntws7u3v5B8fCoqeNUMWywWMSqHVCNgktsGG4EthOFNAoEtoLR3cxvPaHSPJaPZpygH9GB5CFn1FipXj/vFUtu2Z2DrBIvIyXIUOsVv7r9mKURSsME1brjuYnxJ1QZzgROC91UY0LZiA6wY6mkEWp/Mr90Ss6s0idhrGxJQ+bq74kJjbQeR4HtjKgZ6mVvJv7ndVIT3vgTLpPUoGSLRWEqiInJ7G3S5wqZEWNLKFPc3krYkCrKjA2nYEPwll9eJc3LsndVrjxUStXbLI48nMApXIAH11CFe6hBAxiE8Ayv8OaMnBfn3flYtOacbOYY/sD5/AEP8I0Q</latexit>
y
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x1,2,3
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0
<latexit sha1_base64="VmLt9EnJM1wlI+FiRTp69I3fEDY=">AAAB7HicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbRU0mkqMeiF48VTFtoQ9lsN+3SzSbsToRS+hu8eFDEqz/Im//GbZuDtj4YeLw3w8y8MJXCoOt+O4W19Y3NreJ2aWd3b/+gfHjUNEmmGfdZIhPdDqnhUijuo0DJ26nmNA4lb4Wju5nfeuLaiEQ94jjlQUwHSkSCUbSS320Ycd4rV9yqOwdZJV5OKpCj0St/dfsJy2KukElqTMdzUwwmVKNgkk9L3czwlLIRHfCOpYrG3AST+bFTcmaVPokSbUshmau/JyY0NmYch7Yzpjg0y95M/M/rZBjdBBOh0gy5YotFUSYJJmT2OekLzRnKsSWUaWFvJWxINWVo8ynZELzll1dJ87LqXVVrD7VK/TaPowgncAoX4ME11OEeGuADAwHP8ApvjnJenHfnY9FacPKZY/gD5/MHV/uOZA==</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="MraM+jpCPP4HGlcH2eQRu0HxPFE=">AAAB63icbVBNSwMxEJ3Ur1q/qh69BIvgqeyKqMeiF48V7Ae0S8mm2TY0yS5JVihL/4IXD4p49Q9589+YbfegrQ8GHu/NMDMvTAQ31vO+UWltfWNzq7xd2dnd2z+oHh61TZxqylo0FrHuhsQwwRVrWW4F6yaaERkK1gknd7nfeWLa8Fg92mnCAklGikecEptL/abhg2rNq3tz4FXiF6QGBZqD6ld/GNNUMmWpIMb0fC+xQUa05VSwWaWfGpYQOiEj1nNUEclMkM1vneEzpwxxFGtXyuK5+nsiI9KYqQxdpyR2bJa9XPzP66U2ugkyrpLUMkUXi6JUYBvj/HE85JpRK6aOEKq5uxXTMdGEWhdPxYXgL7+8StoXdf+qfvlwWWvcFnGU4QRO4Rx8uIYG3EMTWkBhDM/wCm9Iohf0jj4WrSVUzBzDH6DPH/ZejjM=</latexit>
symmetric
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chiral
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gapping
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SM
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mirror
<latexit sha1_base64="htEWLK9K9WK7COVWCPV6RxhSwoQ=">AAAB9HicbVDJSgNBEO2JWxy3qEcvg0HwFGZE1IsY9OIxglkgGUJPp5M06WXsrgmGId/hxYMSvPob3r2If2NnOWjig4LHe1VU1Ytizgz4/reTWVpeWV3Lrrsbm1vbO7ndvYpRiSa0TBRXuhZhQzmTtAwMOK3FmmIRcVqNejdjv9qn2jAl72EQ01DgjmRtRjBYKWwAfYRUMK2VHjZzeb/gT+AtkmBG8lcf7mU8+nJLzdxno6VIIqgEwrEx9cCPIUyxBkY4HbqNxNAYkx7u0LqlEgtqwnRy9NA7skrLayttS4I3UX9PpFgYMxCR7RQYumbeG4v/efUE2hdhymScAJVkuqidcA+UN07AazFNCfCBJZhoZm/1SBdrTMDm5NoQgvmXF0nlpBCcFU7v/HzxGk2RRQfoEB2jAJ2jIrpFJVRGBD2gJ/SCXp2+8+yMnLdpa8aZzeyjP3DefwAU85X2</latexit>
y= w y=w fermion
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<latexit sha1_base64="ISvMe/CTCD5YHeB9oYznslhzzKo=">AAAB63icbVBNSwMxEJ2tX7V+VT16CRbBi2VXinoRil48VrAf0C4lm2bb0CS7JFmlLP0LXjwo4tU/5M1/Y7bdg7Y+GHi8N8PMvCDmTBvX/XYKK6tr6xvFzdLW9s7uXnn/oKWjRBHaJBGPVCfAmnImadMww2knVhSLgNN2ML7N/PYjVZpF8sFMYuoLPJQsZASbTJpcnz31yxW36s6AlomXkwrkaPTLX71BRBJBpSEca9313Nj4KVaGEU6npV6iaYzJGA9p11KJBdV+Ort1ik6sMkBhpGxJg2bq74kUC60nIrCdApuRXvQy8T+vm5jwyk+ZjBNDJZkvChOOTISyx9GAKUoMn1iCiWL2VkRGWGFibDwlG4K3+PIyaZ1XvYtq7b5Wqd/kcRThCI7hFDy4hDrcQQOaQGAEz/AKb45wXpx352PeWnDymUP4A+fzB7CRjgU=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="CGfAmbrveXEHE2L1m6fxhc8mM1g=">AAAB6nicbVBNSwMxEJ3Ur1q/qh69BIvgqexKUS9C0YvHivYD2qVk02wbms0uSVZZlv4ELx4U8eov8ua/MW33oK0PBh7vzTAzz48F18ZxvlFhZXVtfaO4Wdra3tndK+8ftHSUKMqaNBKR6vhEM8ElaxpuBOvEipHQF6ztj2+mfvuRKc0j+WDSmHkhGUoecEqMle7Tq6d+ueJUnRnwMnFzUoEcjX75qzeIaBIyaaggWnddJzZeRpThVLBJqZdoFhM6JkPWtVSSkGkvm506wSdWGeAgUrakwTP190RGQq3T0LedITEjvehNxf+8bmKCSy/jMk4Mk3S+KEgENhGe/o0HXDFqRGoJoYrbWzEdEUWosemUbAju4svLpHVWdc+rtbtapX6dx1GEIziGU3DhAupwCw1oAoUhPMMrvCGBXtA7+pi3FlA+cwh/gD5/AEaSjc4=</latexit>
Domain wall fermions. Similar but different from Parity Solution.

ZP
2 : ψL (t, x) 7→ ψR (t, −x), ψR (t, x) 7→ ψL (t, −x), F ∧ F 7→ −F ∧ F (t, −x).
ZR
2 : ψ L (t, x) →
7 ψ 0
L (t, x), ψ 0
R (t, x) 7→ ψR (t, x), F ∧ F 7→ F 0 ∧ F 0 (t, x).
Z2 : ψL (t, x) 7→ ψR (t, −x), ψR (t, x) 7→ ψL (t, −x), F ∧ F 7→ −F 0 ∧ F 0 (t, −x).
PR 0 0
ZPR
2 imposes θ3 Tr[F ∧ F ] + θ30 Tr[F 0 ∧ F 0 ] = 0 by θ30 = −θ3 . F and F 0 are same
field (SM’s SU(3)) on two sides of domain wall.
Another Strong CP solution (with mirror fermions) by SMG
L R R 0 L0
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<latexit sha1_base64="jIT3xqkDm7SH2OKmgm9cWIVWalE=">AAAB6XicbVDLTgJBEOzFF+IL9ehlIjF6IruGqEeiF49I5JHAhswOvTBhdnYzM2tCCH/gxYPGePWPvPk3DrAHBSvppFLVne6uIBFcG9f9dnJr6xubW/ntws7u3v5B8fCoqeNUMWywWMSqHVCNgktsGG4EthOFNAoEtoLR3cxvPaHSPJaPZpygH9GB5CFn1FipXj/vFUtu2Z2DrBIvIyXIUOsVv7r9mKURSsME1brjuYnxJ1QZzgROC91UY0LZiA6wY6mkEWp/Mr90Ss6s0idhrGxJQ+bq74kJjbQeR4HtjKgZ6mVvJv7ndVIT3vgTLpPUoGSLRWEqiInJ7G3S5wqZEWNLKFPc3krYkCrKjA2nYEPwll9eJc3LsndVrjxUStXbLI48nMApXIAH11CFe6hBAxiE8Ayv8OaMnBfn3flYtOacbOYY/sD5/AEP8I0Q</latexit>
y

x1,2,3
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0
<latexit sha1_base64="VmLt9EnJM1wlI+FiRTp69I3fEDY=">AAAB7HicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbRU0mkqMeiF48VTFtoQ9lsN+3SzSbsToRS+hu8eFDEqz/Im//GbZuDtj4YeLw3w8y8MJXCoOt+O4W19Y3NreJ2aWd3b/+gfHjUNEmmGfdZIhPdDqnhUijuo0DJ26nmNA4lb4Wju5nfeuLaiEQ94jjlQUwHSkSCUbSS320Ycd4rV9yqOwdZJV5OKpCj0St/dfsJy2KukElqTMdzUwwmVKNgkk9L3czwlLIRHfCOpYrG3AST+bFTcmaVPokSbUshmau/JyY0NmYch7Yzpjg0y95M/M/rZBjdBBOh0gy5YotFUSYJJmT2OekLzRnKsSWUaWFvJWxINWVo8ynZELzll1dJ87LqXVVrD7VK/TaPowgncAoX4ME11OEeGuADAwHP8ApvjnJenHfnY9FacPKZY/gD5/MHV/uOZA==</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="MraM+jpCPP4HGlcH2eQRu0HxPFE=">AAAB63icbVBNSwMxEJ3Ur1q/qh69BIvgqeyKqMeiF48V7Ae0S8mm2TY0yS5JVihL/4IXD4p49Q9589+YbfegrQ8GHu/NMDMvTAQ31vO+UWltfWNzq7xd2dnd2z+oHh61TZxqylo0FrHuhsQwwRVrWW4F6yaaERkK1gknd7nfeWLa8Fg92mnCAklGikecEptL/abhg2rNq3tz4FXiF6QGBZqD6ld/GNNUMmWpIMb0fC+xQUa05VSwWaWfGpYQOiEj1nNUEclMkM1vneEzpwxxFGtXyuK5+nsiI9KYqQxdpyR2bJa9XPzP66U2ugkyrpLUMkUXi6JUYBvj/HE85JpRK6aOEKq5uxXTMdGEWhdPxYXgL7+8StoXdf+qfvlwWWvcFnGU4QRO4Rx8uIYG3EMTWkBhDM/wCm9Iohf0jj4WrSVUzBzDH6DPH/ZejjM=</latexit>
symmetric
<latexit sha1_base64="dBG7XVutu+h8gpGLiFSBIBdFcn8=">AAAB8HicbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vqks3wSK4KjNF1GXRjcsK9iHtUDLpnTY0mRmSO0IZ+hVuXCji1s9x59+YtrPQ1gOBwzn3knNPkEhh0HW/ncLa+sbmVnG7tLO7t39QPjxqmTjVHJo8lrHuBMyAFBE0UaCETqKBqUBCOxjfzvz2E2gj4ugBJwn4ig0jEQrO0EqPZqIUoBa8X664VXcOukq8nFRIjka//NUbxDxVECGXzJiu5yboZ0yj4BKmpV5qIGF8zIbQtTRiCoyfzQNP6ZlVBjSMtX0R0rn6eyNjythogZ1UDEdm2ZuJ/3ndFMNrPxNRkiJEfPFRmEqKMZ1dTwdCA0c5sYRxLWxWykdMM462o5ItwVs+eZW0alXvsnpxX6vUb/I6iuSEnJJz4pErUid3pEGahBNFnskreXO08+K8Ox+L0YKT7xyTP3A+fwBFL5C4</latexit>
chiral
<latexit sha1_base64="Kw/z5M5IJYusih3XU3QoQl+1I5Q=">AAAB9HicbVDJSgNBEK2JWxy3qEcvjUHwFGZE1IsY9OIxglkgGUJPp5M06VnsrgmGId/hxYMSvPob3r2If2NnOWjig4LHe1VU1fNjKTQ6zreVWVpeWV3Lrtsbm1vbO7ndvYqOEsV4mUUyUjWfai5FyMsoUPJarDgNfMmrfu9m7Ff7XGkRhfc4iLkX0E4o2oJRNJLXQP6IKesKReWwmcs7BWcCskjcGclffdiX8ejLLjVzn41WxJKAh8gk1bruOjF6KVUomORDu5FoHlPWox1eNzSkAddeOjl6SI6M0iLtSJkKkUzU3xMpDbQeBL7pDCh29bw3Fv/z6gm2L7xUhHGCPGTTRe1EEozIOAHSEoozlANDKFPC3EpYlyrK0ORkmxDc+ZcXSeWk4J4VTu+cfPEapsjCARzCMbhwDkW4hRKUgcEDPMELvFp969kaWW/T1ow1m9mHP7DefwDXvZXO</latexit>
gapping
<latexit sha1_base64="uCdu6RQygqMazD0lJ1NXeJr/f0E=">AAAB9XicbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfUY+KLAbBU9gVUY9BLx4TMA9I1jA7md0MmZ0dZnrVsOToP3jxoIhXr/kOb36DP+HkcdDEgoaiqpvuLl9ypsFxvqzMwuLS8kp2Nbe2vrG5ld/eqek4UYRWScxj1fCxppwJWgUGnDakojjyOa37vauRX7+jSrNY3EBfUi/CoWABIxiMdNsC+gBpiKVkIhy08wWn6IxhzxN3Sgql/WHl+/FgWG7nP1udmCQRFUA41rrpOhK8FCtghNNBrpVoKjHp4ZA2DRU4otpLx1cP7COjdOwgVqYE2GP190SKI637kW86IwxdPeuNxP+8ZgLBhZcyIROggkwWBQm3IbZHEdgdpigB3jcEE8XMrTbpYoUJmKByJgR39uV5UjspumfF04pJ4xJNkEV76BAdIxedoxK6RmVURQQp9IRe0Kt1bz1bb9b7pDVjTWd20R9YHz8+K5a1</latexit>
SM
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mirror
<latexit sha1_base64="htEWLK9K9WK7COVWCPV6RxhSwoQ=">AAAB9HicbVDJSgNBEO2JWxy3qEcvg0HwFGZE1IsY9OIxglkgGUJPp5M06WXsrgmGId/hxYMSvPob3r2If2NnOWjig4LHe1VU1Ytizgz4/reTWVpeWV3Lrrsbm1vbO7ndvYpRiSa0TBRXuhZhQzmTtAwMOK3FmmIRcVqNejdjv9qn2jAl72EQ01DgjmRtRjBYKWwAfYRUMK2VHjZzeb/gT+AtkmBG8lcf7mU8+nJLzdxno6VIIqgEwrEx9cCPIUyxBkY4HbqNxNAYkx7u0LqlEgtqwnRy9NA7skrLayttS4I3UX9PpFgYMxCR7RQYumbeG4v/efUE2hdhymScAJVkuqidcA+UN07AazFNCfCBJZhoZm/1SBdrTMDm5NoQgvmXF0nlpBCcFU7v/HzxGk2RRQfoEB2jAJ2jIrpFJVRGBD2gJ/SCXp2+8+yMnLdpa8aZzeyjP3DefwAU85X2</latexit>
y= w y=w fermion
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<latexit sha1_base64="ISvMe/CTCD5YHeB9oYznslhzzKo=">AAAB63icbVBNSwMxEJ2tX7V+VT16CRbBi2VXinoRil48VrAf0C4lm2bb0CS7JFmlLP0LXjwo4tU/5M1/Y7bdg7Y+GHi8N8PMvCDmTBvX/XYKK6tr6xvFzdLW9s7uXnn/oKWjRBHaJBGPVCfAmnImadMww2knVhSLgNN2ML7N/PYjVZpF8sFMYuoLPJQsZASbTJpcnz31yxW36s6AlomXkwrkaPTLX71BRBJBpSEca9313Nj4KVaGEU6npV6iaYzJGA9p11KJBdV+Ort1ik6sMkBhpGxJg2bq74kUC60nIrCdApuRXvQy8T+vm5jwyk+ZjBNDJZkvChOOTISyx9GAKUoMn1iCiWL2VkRGWGFibDwlG4K3+PIyaZ1XvYtq7b5Wqd/kcRThCI7hFDy4hDrcQQOaQGAEz/AKb45wXpx352PeWnDymUP4A+fzB7CRjgU=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="CGfAmbrveXEHE2L1m6fxhc8mM1g=">AAAB6nicbVBNSwMxEJ3Ur1q/qh69BIvgqexKUS9C0YvHivYD2qVk02wbms0uSVZZlv4ELx4U8eov8ua/MW33oK0PBh7vzTAzz48F18ZxvlFhZXVtfaO4Wdra3tndK+8ftHSUKMqaNBKR6vhEM8ElaxpuBOvEipHQF6ztj2+mfvuRKc0j+WDSmHkhGUoecEqMle7Tq6d+ueJUnRnwMnFzUoEcjX75qzeIaBIyaaggWnddJzZeRpThVLBJqZdoFhM6JkPWtVSSkGkvm506wSdWGeAgUrakwTP190RGQq3T0LedITEjvehNxf+8bmKCSy/jMk4Mk3S+KEgENhGe/o0HXDFqRGoJoYrbWzEdEUWosemUbAju4svLpHVWdc+rtbtapX6dx1GEIziGU3DhAupwCw1oAoUhPMMrvCGBXtA7+pi3FlA+cwh/gD5/AEaSjc4=</latexit>
• Nielsen-Ninomiya (NN) fermion-doubling ⇒ Domain wall fermion

remove doubling ⇒ regularize (lattice) nonperturb. chiral fermion.
•P ⇒ Left-right model (but symmetry/gauge group is not
necessarily doubled). Parity-reflection symmetry ZPR
2 .
0†
θ̄3 + θ̄30 ≡ θ3 + θ30 + arg(det(Mu Md MSMG ))
0†
• Higgs vs SMG MSMG (in contrast, twin Higgs Mu0† Md0† ). No
0†
mean-field mass for SMG MSMG = 0. Energy scale ΛH < ΛSMG .
• Anomaly-free condition ⇔ Topological gapping condition (iff).
involving Symmetric Mass Generation.
ZPR
<latexit sha1_base64="nhL8CtayMjQwwCxq89CbLjz1Pjs=">AAACAHicbVC7TsMwFHXKq5RXgIGBxaJFYqqSCgFjBQtjQfQhmhA5rtNatZPIdpCqKAu/wsIAQqx8Bht/g9NmgJYjXenonHt17z1+zKhUlvVtlJaWV1bXyuuVjc2t7R1zd68jo0Rg0sYRi0TPR5IwGpK2ooqRXiwI4j4jXX98lfvdRyIkjcI7NYmJy9EwpAHFSGnJMw9qDkdq5PvpfeY1HlJHcNi6zWqeWbXq1hRwkdgFqYICLc/8cgYRTjgJFWZIyr5txcpNkVAUM5JVnESSGOExGpK+piHiRLrp9IEMHmtlAINI6AoVnKq/J1LEpZxwX3fm18p5Lxf/8/qJCi7clIZxokiIZ4uChEEVwTwNOKCCYMUmmiAsqL4V4hESCCudWUWHYM+/vEg6jbp9Vj+9aVSbl0UcZXAIjsAJsME5aIJr0AJtgEEGnsEreDOejBfj3fiYtZaMYmYf/IHx+QPETJXg</latexit>
2 reflection:
MP
<latexit sha1_base64="XjOn30P6l7iOsrPID3TcwJ4uHbc=">AAAB8HicbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eBoPgKeyKqMegFy9CBPOQZAmzk9lkyDyWmVkhLPkKLx4U8ernePNvnCR70MSChqKqm+6uKOHMWN//9gorq2vrG8XN0tb2zu5eef+gaVSqCW0QxZVuR9hQziRtWGY5bSeaYhFx2opGN1O/9US1YUo+2HFCQ4EHksWMYOukx7te1tUC1Se9csWv+jOgZRLkpAI56r3yV7evSCqotIRjYzqBn9gww9oywumk1E0NTTAZ4QHtOCqxoCbMZgdP0IlT+ihW2pW0aKb+nsiwMGYsItcpsB2aRW8q/ud1UhtfhRmTSWqpJPNFccqRVWj6PeozTYnlY0cw0czdisgQa0ysy6jkQggWX14mzbNqcFE9vz+v1K7zOIpwBMdwCgFcQg1uoQ4NICDgGV7hzdPei/fufcxbC14+cwh/4H3+AGwDkCw=</latexit>
MP MP
<latexit sha1_base64="XjOn30P6l7iOsrPID3TcwJ4uHbc=">AAAB8HicbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eBoPgKeyKqMegFy9CBPOQZAmzk9lkyDyWmVkhLPkKLx4U8ernePNvnCR70MSChqKqm+6uKOHMWN//9gorq2vrG8XN0tb2zu5eef+gaVSqCW0QxZVuR9hQziRtWGY5bSeaYhFx2opGN1O/9US1YUo+2HFCQ4EHksWMYOukx7te1tUC1Se9csWv+jOgZRLkpAI56r3yV7evSCqotIRjYzqBn9gww9oywumk1E0NTTAZ4QHtOCqxoCbMZgdP0IlT+ihW2pW0aKb+nsiwMGYsItcpsB2aRW8q/ud1UhtfhRmTSWqpJPNFccqRVWj6PeozTYnlY0cw0czdisgQa0ysy6jkQggWX14mzbNqcFE9vz+v1K7zOIpwBMdwCgFcQg1uoQ4NICDgGV7hzdPei/fufcxbC14+cwh/4H3+AGwDkCw=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="XjOn30P6l7iOsrPID3TcwJ4uHbc=">AAAB8HicbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eBoPgKeyKqMegFy9CBPOQZAmzk9lkyDyWmVkhLPkKLx4U8ernePNvnCR70MSChqKqm+6uKOHMWN//9gorq2vrG8XN0tb2zu5eef+gaVSqCW0QxZVuR9hQziRtWGY5bSeaYhFx2opGN1O/9US1YUo+2HFCQ4EHksWMYOukx7te1tUC1Se9csWv+jOgZRLkpAI56r3yV7evSCqotIRjYzqBn9gww9oywumk1E0NTTAZ4QHtOCqxoCbMZgdP0IlT+ihW2pW0aKb+nsiwMGYsItcpsB2aRW8q/ud1UhtfhRmTSWqpJPNFccqRVWj6PeozTYnlY0cw0czdisgQa0ysy6jkQggWX14mzbNqcFE9vz+v1K7zOIpwBMdwCgFcQg1uoQ4NICDgGV7hzdPei/fufcxbC14+cwh/4H3+AGwDkCw=</latexit>
dynamically gauged
(or explicitly broken)
⇤SMG ⇤SMG ⇡ preserved by
<latexit sha1_base64="mrpNL1iJP7Y2+oblLO2rn5doPIA=">AAAB+nicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPWVKrhxM1gEVyURUZelLnSh0KJ9QBPCZDJph04mYWailNhPceNCEXHnJ/gF7tz4LU4fC209MHA451zuneMnjEplWV/G3PzC4tJybiW/ura+sWkWthoyTgUmdRyzWLR8JAmjnNQVVYy0EkFQ5DPS9HtnQ795S4SkMb9R/YS4EepwGlKMlJY8s+Bc6nCAvMwREby+Oh94ZtEqWSPAWWJPSLG8U/umb5WPqmd+OkGM04hwhRmSsm1biXIzJBTFjAzyTipJgnAPdUhbU44iIt1sdPoA7mslgGEs9OMKjtTfExmKpOxHvk5GSHXltDcU//PaqQpP3YzyJFWE4/GiMGVQxXDYAwyoIFixviYIC6pvhbiLBMJKt5XXJdjTX54ljcOSfVw6quk2KmCMHNgFe+AA2OAElMEFqII6wOAOPIAn8GzcG4/Gi/E6js4Zk5lt8AfG+w92MZcx</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="mrpNL1iJP7Y2+oblLO2rn5doPIA=">AAAB+nicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPWVKrhxM1gEVyURUZelLnSh0KJ9QBPCZDJph04mYWailNhPceNCEXHnJ/gF7tz4LU4fC209MHA451zuneMnjEplWV/G3PzC4tJybiW/ura+sWkWthoyTgUmdRyzWLR8JAmjnNQVVYy0EkFQ5DPS9HtnQ795S4SkMb9R/YS4EepwGlKMlJY8s+Bc6nCAvMwREby+Oh94ZtEqWSPAWWJPSLG8U/umb5WPqmd+OkGM04hwhRmSsm1biXIzJBTFjAzyTipJgnAPdUhbU44iIt1sdPoA7mslgGEs9OMKjtTfExmKpOxHvk5GSHXltDcU//PaqQpP3YzyJFWE4/GiMGVQxXDYAwyoIFixviYIC6pvhbiLBMJKt5XXJdjTX54ljcOSfVw6quk2KmCMHNgFe+AA2OAElMEFqII6wOAOPIAn8GzcG4/Gi/E6js4Zk5lt8AfG+w92MZcx</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="+XpfpThBLrgbbfHqddVu2aTMA/s=">AAAB7nicbVBNSwMxEJ2tX7V+VT16CRbBU9mVoh6LXjxWsB/QLiWbZtvQbBKSrFiW/ggvHhTx6u/x5r8xbfegrQ8GHu/NMDMvUpwZ6/vfXmFtfWNzq7hd2tnd2z8oHx61jEw1oU0iudSdCBvKmaBNyyynHaUpTiJO29H4dua3H6k2TIoHO1E0TPBQsJgRbJ3U7mGltHzqlyt+1Z8DrZIgJxXI0eiXv3oDSdKECks4NqYb+MqGGdaWEU6npV5qqMJkjIe066jACTVhNj93is6cMkCx1K6ERXP190SGE2MmSeQ6E2xHZtmbif953dTG12HGhEotFWSxKE45shLNfkcDpimxfOIIJpq5WxEZYY2JdQmVXAjB8surpHVRDS6rtftapX6Tx1GEEziFcwjgCupwBw1oAoExPMMrvHnKe/HevY9Fa8HLZ47hD7zPH5ZQj78=</latexit>
SMG Strong CP solved:

strength
✓¯3 = ✓¯30 = 0
<latexit sha1_base64="PvTzvFCatEjSt+NeQEHKr3JqQt8=">AAACFXicbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfqx69DCaiBwm7UdRLIOjFYwTzgGwIs5PZZMjsg5leISz7E178FS8eFPEqePNvnCR70MSChqKqm+4uNxJcgWV9G7ml5ZXVtfx6YWNza3vH3N1rqjCWlDVoKELZdoliggesARwEa0eSEd8VrOWObiZ+64FJxcPgHsYR6/pkEHCPUwJa6pmnpcRxiUwcGDIgaS85S9MqXtSOcdUq9cyiVbamwIvEzkgRZaj3zC+nH9LYZwFQQZTq2FYE3YRI4FSwtODEikWEjsiAdTQNiM9UN5l+leIjrfSxF0pdAeCp+nsiIb5SY9/VnT6BoZr3JuJ/XicG76qb8CCKgQV0tsiLBYYQTyLCfS4ZBTHWhFDJ9a2YDokkFHSQBR2CPf/yImlWyvZF+fyuUqxdZ3Hk0QE6RCfIRpeohm5RHTUQRY/oGb2iN+PJeDHejY9Za87IZvbRHxifPxbsnr0=</latexit>
ZPR
<latexit sha1_base64="nhL8CtayMjQwwCxq89CbLjz1Pjs=">AAACAHicbVC7TsMwFHXKq5RXgIGBxaJFYqqSCgFjBQtjQfQhmhA5rtNatZPIdpCqKAu/wsIAQqx8Bht/g9NmgJYjXenonHt17z1+zKhUlvVtlJaWV1bXyuuVjc2t7R1zd68jo0Rg0sYRi0TPR5IwGpK2ooqRXiwI4j4jXX98lfvdRyIkjcI7NYmJy9EwpAHFSGnJMw9qDkdq5PvpfeY1HlJHcNi6zWqeWbXq1hRwkdgFqYICLc/8cgYRTjgJFWZIyr5txcpNkVAUM5JVnESSGOExGpK+piHiRLrp9IEMHmtlAINI6AoVnKq/J1LEpZxwX3fm18p5Lxf/8/qJCi7clIZxokiIZ4uChEEVwTwNOKCCYMUmmiAsqL4V4hESCCudWUWHYM+/vEg6jbp9Vj+9aVSbl0UcZXAIjsAJsME5aIJr0AJtgEEGnsEreDOejBfj3fiYtZaMYmYf/IHx+QPETJXg</latexit>
SM !
mirror SM 2
⇤SMG
<latexit sha1_base64="mrpNL1iJP7Y2+oblLO2rn5doPIA=">AAAB+nicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPWVKrhxM1gEVyURUZelLnSh0KJ9QBPCZDJph04mYWailNhPceNCEXHnJ/gF7tz4LU4fC209MHA451zuneMnjEplWV/G3PzC4tJybiW/ura+sWkWthoyTgUmdRyzWLR8JAmjnNQVVYy0EkFQ5DPS9HtnQ795S4SkMb9R/YS4EepwGlKMlJY8s+Bc6nCAvMwREby+Oh94ZtEqWSPAWWJPSLG8U/umb5WPqmd+OkGM04hwhRmSsm1biXIzJBTFjAzyTipJgnAPdUhbU44iIt1sdPoA7mslgGEs9OMKjtTfExmKpOxHvk5GSHXltDcU//PaqQpP3YzyJFWE4/GiMGVQxXDYAwyoIFixviYIC6pvhbiLBMJKt5XXJdjTX54ljcOSfVw6quk2KmCMHNgFe+AA2OAElMEFqII6wOAOPIAn8GzcG4/Gi/E6js4Zk5lt8AfG+w92MZcx</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="STyhWc6u1vmyFwlGBmtlZyGlFv0=">AAAB/nicbVBNS8NAEN3Ur1q/ouLJS7AVPJWkiHosevFYwX5AG8pmu0mXbnbD7kQpoeBf8eJBEa/+Dm/+G7dtDtr6YODx3gwz84KEMw2u+20VVlbX1jeKm6Wt7Z3dPXv/oKVlqghtEsml6gRYU84EbQIDTjuJojgOOG0Ho5up336gSjMp7mGcUD/GkWAhIxiM1LePKj0uRcRpCIpFQ8BKycdK3y67VXcGZ5l4OSmjHI2+/dUbSJLGVADhWOuu5ybgZ1gBI5xOSr1U0wSTEY5o11CBY6r9bHb+xDk1ysAJpTIlwJmpvycyHGs9jgPTGWMY6kVvKv7ndVMIr/yMiSQFKsh8UZhyB6QzzcIZMEUJ8LEhmChmbnXIECtMwCRWMiF4iy8vk1at6l1Uz+9q5fp1HkcRHaMTdIY8dInq6BY1UBMRlKFn9IrerCfrxXq3PuatBSufOUR/YH3+AG4Ilcw=</latexit>
SMG gap is generated, 

mirror SM becomes gapped
⇤H
<latexit sha1_base64="gwBes7SHwrWyBDPVX9A/qNHbFDk=">AAAB+3icbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vWJdugkVwVRIp6rLopgsXFewDmhAmk2k7dDIJMzfSEvIrblwo4tYfceffOG2z0NYDA4dzzuXeOUHCmQLb/jZKG5tb2zvl3cre/sHhkXlc7ao4lYR2SMxj2Q+wopwJ2gEGnPYTSXEUcNoLJndzv/dEpWKxeIRZQr0IjwQbMoJBS75Zde91OMR+5gKdQtbKc9+s2XV7AWudOAWpoQJt3/xyw5ikERVAOFZq4NgJeBmWwAinecVNFU0wmeARHWgqcESVly1uz61zrYTWMJb6CbAW6u+JDEdKzaJAJyMMY7XqzcX/vEEKwxsvYyJJgQqyXDRMuQWxNS/CCpmkBPhME0wk07daZIwlJqDrqugSnNUvr5PuZd25qjceGrXmbVFHGZ2iM3SBHHSNmqiF2qiDCJqiZ/SK3ozceDHejY9ltGQUMyfoD4zPH3iilL0=</latexit>
Higgs
condensation spontaneously broken
electroweak Higgs
⇤EW
<latexit sha1_base64="00CJiTFLgVmPd2m6N7qtVxhYmI8=">AAAB+XicbVDLSgMxFM34rPU1KrhxEyyCqzIjoi5LRXDhogX7gM4wZDKZNjTJDEmmUIb+iRsXigiu/AW/wJ0bv8X0sdDWA4HDOedyb06YMqq043xZS8srq2vrhY3i5tb2zq69t99USSYxaeCEJbIdIkUYFaShqWaknUqCeMhIK+xfj/3WgEhFE3GvhynxOeoKGlOMtJEC2/buTDhCQe5JDm9ao8AuOWVnArhI3BkpVQ7r3/St+lEL7E8vSnDGidCYIaU6rpNqP0dSU8zIqOhliqQI91GXdAwViBPl55PLR/DEKBGME2me0HCi/p7IEVdqyEOT5Ej31Lw3Fv/zOpmOr/ycijTTRODpojhjUCdwXAOMqCRYs6EhCEtqboW4hyTC2pRVNCW4819eJM2zsntRPq+bNqpgigI4AsfgFLjgElTALaiBBsBgAB7AE3i2cuvRerFep9ElazZzAP7Aev8B2YqW3A==</latexit>
E condensation and  
<latexit sha1_base64="6X2yMkfKKamL8UMW5zFvPoDrMpc=">AAAB6HicbVDLSgNBEOyNrxhfUY9eBoPgKewGUY9BETwmYB6QLGF20puMmZ1dZmaFEPIFXjwo4tVP8ubfOEn2oIkFDUVVN91dQSK4Nq777eTW1jc2t/LbhZ3dvf2D4uFRU8epYthgsYhVO6AaBZfYMNwIbCcKaRQIbAWj25nfekKleSwfzDhBP6IDyUPOqLFS/a5XLLlldw6ySryMlCBDrVf86vZjlkYoDRNU647nJsafUGU4EzgtdFONCWUjOsCOpZJGqP3J/NApObNKn4SxsiUNmau/JyY00nocBbYzomaol72Z+J/XSU147U+4TFKDki0WhakgJiazr0mfK2RGjC2hTHF7K2FDqigzNpuCDcFbfnmVNCtl77J8Ua+UqjdZHHk4gVM4Bw+uoAr3UIMGMEB4hld4cx6dF+fd+Vi05pxs5hj+wPn8AZs7jNA=</latexit>
CKM matrix become crucial
y

Ways to give mass
What is mass? correlation function (of the corresponding
operators/excitations/states) decaying exponentially.
Symmetry Topological Order
Mass mechanism Description:
Property with low energy TQFT
Symmetry
(1) Anderson-Higgs 7 Mean-Field
Breaking
Confinement: Symmetry
(2) 7 Mean-Field
Chiral SB Breaking
Confinement: Symmetry Many-Body or
(3) 7
s confinement Preserving Interacting
Symmetric Symmetry
Mass Preserving Many-Body or
(4) 7
Generation Part 3: Interacting
(Anomaly-Free) solve Strong CP
Symmetric Symmetry
Gapped Preserving Many-Body or
(5) 3
Topological Order Part 1: Interacting
(Anomalous) replace νR
Symmetry Symmetry 3: TO/TQFT if K is gauged,
Extension Extension and if spacetime dim d ≥ 3
ι Many-Body or
(6) Gapped/Gapless K → G̃ → G
7: no TO/TQFT if G̃ Interacting
(Anomaly Part 2:
Trivialized) dQC CFT remains ungauged.
Overview: JW-You 2204.14271.

Summary
theories provide possible new neutrino mass mechanisms
[arXiv:2012.15860].

Theories: dictated by a Z2 class mixed gauge-gravitational global
anomaly, a gapless quantum critical region can happen between
Georgi-Glashow and Pati-Salam models as deformation of the
Standard Model, where Beyond the Standard Model physics and
Dark Gauge sector occur as neighbor phases [arXiv:2106.16248,
arXiv:2112.14765, arXiv:2204.08393].

involving Symmetric Mass Generation [arXiv:2204.14271,
arXiv:2207.14813, ...].
Back Up Slides:

Ways to give mass
What is mass? correlation function (of the corresponding
operators/excitations/states) decaying exponentially.
Symmetry Topological Order
Mass mechanism Description:
Property with low energy TQFT
Symmetry
(1) Anderson-Higgs 7 Mean-Field
Breaking
Confinement: Symmetry
(2) 7 Mean-Field
Chiral SB Breaking
Confinement: Symmetry Many-Body or
(3) 7
s confinement Preserving Interacting
Symmetric
Mass Symmetry Many-Body or
(4) 7
Generation Preserving Interacting
(Anomaly-Free)
Symmetric
Gapped Symmetry Many-Body or
(5) 3
Topological Order Preserving Interacting
(Anomalous)
Symmetry 3: TO/TQFT if K is gauged,
Extension Symmetry and if spacetime dim d ≥ 3
Extension Many-Body or
(6) Gapped
ι
7: no TO/TQFT if G̃ Interacting
(Anomaly K → G̃ → G
Trivialized) remains ungauged.
Overview: JW-You 2204.14271.

Neutrino νR vs TQFT sector
(Conventional) Quadratic neutrino mass term:
Dirac mass with some Higgs: (ν̄R φ†H νL + ν̄L φH νR ).
i mMaj
Majorana mass: 2
(χT σ 2 χ + χ† σ 2 χ∗ ).
Both Dirac and Majorana masses:
Seesaw mechanism: 2
3 mass eigenstates have small mass ' |M|M
Dirac |
S |
|MDirac | for νL -like.
3 mass eigenstates have large mass MS for νR -like.

New Proposal on Neutrino Mass
2
MDirac
In contrast to the traditional seesaw mechanism MS
MDirac .
Standard Model’s “nearly massless”
Energy spectrum E
left-handed neutrinos νj,L GUT or Planck scales
MGUT,Pl
travel and interact with topological defects
≈
TQFT gap
∆TQFT
νe,L
νµ,L zero energy modes trapped
≈
ντ,L at a topological defect
∆sub topological defect subgap
Ultra Unification replaces 0 zero-energy mode spectrum

some generation of “right-handed sterile neutrinos νj,R ”
with a Z4,X -symmetry-preserving TQFT (or CFT) sector
which may allow Z4,X -topological defects locally
The energy spectrum near the defect has energy subgap
∆2TQFT ∆2sub
∆sub . . ∆small . MDirac .
MGUT,Pl ∆TQFT
∆2
(In analogy with the vortex subgap ∆sub ' ESC F
of superconductor gap ∆SC and
Fermi energy EF .) Both can give the left-handed neutrinos small masses.
(JW, Harvard HEP-String lunch Dec 1, 2020 and arXiv v3: 2012.15860)

Neutrino νR vs TQFT sector
Conventional: Neutrino pairs up to get Dirac
(left-handed νL with right-handed νR ) or Majorana
(right-handed νR with itself) mass.
My talk:
Some of right-handed neutrinos νR may be replaced by
4d TQFT/5d iTQFT. Left-handed neutrinos νL travel
and interfere with the zero modes of topological defects
of TQFT.
• ∆TQFT gap replaces the right-handed νR mass MS .
• Vortex subgaps give the left-handed νL mass.
• Mixed scenarios.

Classify dd Anomalies by d + 1d iTQFT/SPTs via Cobordism
Kapustin’14, . . . , Freed-Hopkins’16 (systematic)
Unitarity of Lorentz ∼ Reflection positivity of Euclidean.
d + 1d invertible TQFT with reflect.pos in Euclidean signature
⇒ anomaly of dd reflect.pos Euclidean QFT.
⇒ anomaly of dd unitary Lorentz QFT. Take d = 4 and d + 1 = 5.
Here we only concern a cobordism group TPd +1 (G ) ≡ ΩdG+1 ,

Note (TPd +1 (G ))tors = (ΩGd+1 )tors and (TPd +1 (G ))free = (ΩGd+2 )free .
tor: a torsion group (only a finite group part).
Bordism group ΩGD = πD (MTG ) ≡ colimk →∞ πD +k (MTG )k .
Tools: Pontryagin-Thom construction, Thom-Madsen-Tillmann spectra,
Adams spectral sequence, and Freed-Hopkins’s theorem
Given a G structure, we will later show co/bordism group (abelian group

classification) and d + 1d topological terms (invertible TQFT or
Symmetry Protected Topological states [SPTs]) and the anomaly of a
(d − 1, 1)d unitary Lorentz QFT.

Anomalies of SM and GUT via cobordism:
hep-th/0607134: Freed. generalized cohomology. SU(n) or Spin(n). Miss B − L.
1604.06527: Freed-Hopkins, Cobordism group ΩdG ≡ TPd (G ) —
1808.00009: Inaki Garcia-Etxebarria, Miguel Montero.

G = Spin ×Z2 Z4 , Spin × SU(n), Spin × Spin(n).
Spin×Spin(10)
1809.11171: JW-Wen. G = ZF
, Spin × SU(5).
2
1910.11277: Joe Davighi, Ben Gripaios, Nakarin Lohitsiri.

G = Spin × GSMq , Spin × Spin(n), other GUTs
1910.14668: Wan-JW. (Subtle twisted cases.)

G = Spin × GSMq , Spin ×Z2 Z4 × GSMq , Spin ×Z2 Z4 × SU(5),
Spin × Spin(n), Spin×Spin(n)
ZF
e.g., n = 10, 18, other GUTs
2
Conservative view vs Optimistic view (New Arena Beyond the SM).

Spin
• Spacetime symmetry: Spin group. Diffeomorphism/grav. background. ZF
= SO.
2
• Internal symmetry: U(1)B−L ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L × GSMq .

2
• Internal symmetry after gauging GSMq : U(1)B−L ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L × Ze6/q,[1] × U(1)m
[1] .
2
SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1)Ỹ
• Determine the 1-form symmetry of GSMq ≡ Zq
gauge theory:
∨ e m
Z (GSMq ) π1 (GSMq ) 1-form e sym G[1]
1-form m sym G[1]
m
GSMq Z6/q × U(1) U(1) Z6/q,[1]
e
U(1)[1]
e
Denote 1-form symmetry G[1] = G[1] m
× G[1] = Ze6/q,[1] × U(1)m
[1] .
(See also Sungwoo Hong talk)
• No C, P, T discrete symmetry within SM.
• We can replace the U(1)B−L to a discrete Z4,X (Wilczek-Zee ’79) that is more robust
and preserves the 4n fermion interactions (quarks and leptons with Z4,X charges 1):
2
X ≡ 5(B − L) − Y.
3
For the SM with Z4,X , see Garcia-Etxebarria-Montero 1808.00009 and our work.

Check 4d anomaly via 5d cobordism group with GSMq , B − L,
discrete B + L together form U(1)B−L ×ZF2 Z2Nf ,B+L =
U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L , and gravitational backgrounds,

TP5 (Spin ×ZF2 U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) = Z11 × Z9 × Z73 .

Z5 × Z2 × Z24 × Z16 ×
TP5 (Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) =
Z5 × Z22 × Z4 × Z16 ×
Include one-form symmetries of the SM with gauged GSMq ,
TP5 (Spin ×ZF2 U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × Ze6/q,[1] × U(1)m [1] )

= Z × Z6/q × Z9 × (Z3 ) × (Z3 )
2 2 3n3
.
TP5 (Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × Z3,B+L × Z6/q,[1] × U(1)m
e
[1] )

= Z16 × (Z4 ) × Z6/q × Z9 × (Z3 )
n2 2n3
.
For q = 1, 2, 3, 6 and we define q 0 ≡ 6/q ≡ 2n2 · 3n3 = 6, 3, 2, 1 as

(n2 , n3 ) = (1, 1), (0, 1), (1, 0), (0, 0) respectively.
SU(3)c ×SU(2)L ×U(1)Y
U(1)B and U(1)L under dynamically gauged GSMq ≡ Zq
U(1)B -U(1)2Y , U(1)L -U(1)2Y U(1)B -SU(2)2 and U(1)L -SU(2) local anomalies. Under
2
U(1)B and U(1)L transformations on (ψL )I :
(d¯R ⊕lL ⊕qL ⊕ūR ⊕ēR )I ⊕nνI,R ν̄I,R ∼ (3, 1)2 ⊕(1, 2)−3 ⊕(3, 2)1 ⊕(3, 1)−4 ⊕(1, 1)6 I ⊕nνI,R (1, 1)0

ABJ anomalies show:

R 4 µ µ

LSM +αB (∂µ JB )+αL (∂µ JL ) −18(αB +αL )Nf n(1) −(αB +αL )Nf n(2)
[DψL ][DψL† ]e i d x
R
.
g12 0 0
Instanton number n(N) ≡ d 4x µνµ ν FN,µν FN,µ0 ν 0 ∈ Z on spin manifolds.
R
32π 2
• U(1)B−L symmetry: αB−L ≡ αB = −αL , its Ward identity h∂µ (JBµ − JLµ )i = 0.
• Z2Nf ,B+L symmetry: αB+L ≡ αB = αL , under SU(2) instanton, αB+L ∈ 2π
2Nf
Z.
SM LR PS su(5) flipped u(5) so(10) UU

B − L U(1)B−L U(1)B−L U(1)B−L U(1)X U(1)X2 Z4,X discrete .
B + L Z2Nf ,B+L Z2Nf ,B+L ZF 2 ZF
2 ZF2 ZF
2 Z2Nf ,B+L , ZF
2
Many processes, like p + → e + π 0 , have ∆(B − L) = 0 and ∆(B + L) = −2
Koran 2204.01741, JW-Wan-You 2204.08393 (check gauge-gravity anomalies w/ 1-symmetry,
including U(1)B−L ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L , or Z4,X ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L )
2 2

Classify 4d Anomalies by 5d iTQFT/SPTs via Cobordism
Spin ×Z2 Z4 × GSMq=6 and G = Spin ×Z2 Z4 × SU(5):
G = Spin ×Z2 Spin(10):
JW-Wen ’18 1809.11171, Wan-JW’19 1910.14668

I. (Local) Anomalies of Spin(d) × GSMq |(SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1))/Zq
U(1)
1 U(1)3Y : 4d anomaly from 5d CS1 c1 (U(1))2 and 6d c1 (U(1))3
U(1)
2 U(1)Y -SU(2)2 : 4d anomaly from 5d CS1 c2 (SU(2)), 6d c1 (U(1))c2 (SU(2))
2 U(1)
3 U(1)Y -SU(3)c : 4d anomaly from 5d CS1 c2 (SU(3)), 6d c1 (U(1))c2 (SU(3))
4 U(1)Y -(gravity) : 4d anomaly from 5d µ(PD(c1 (U(1)))), 6d c1 (U(1))(σ−F·F)
2
8
SU(3)
5 SU(3)3c : 4d anomaly from 5d 12 CS5 , 6d 12 c3 (SU(3))
6 4d global Witten SU(2) anomaly from 5d c2 (SU(2))η̃, 6d c2 (SU(2))Arf.
It becomes part of local anomaly in Z when q = 2, 6.
Davighi-Gripaios-Lohitsiri1910.11277, Wan-JW 1910.14668, Davighi-Lohitsiri 2001.07731 JW 2006.16996.
II. (Local+Global) Anomalies: Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × Ginternal/gauge
Focus on Z4,X = Z (Spin(10)) ⊂ U(1)X where X = 5(B − L) − 4Y .
G = Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × GSMq and Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × SU(5):

Z5 × Z2 × Z24 × Z16 , q = 1, 3.
TPd=5 (Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × GSMq ) =
Z5 × Z22 × Z4 × Z16 , q = 2, 6.
TPd=5 (Spin ×ZF2 Z4,X × SU(5)) = Z × Z2 × Z16 .
AZ2 ∈ H1 (M, Z4,X /ZF

2 ) is a Z2 -gauge field of Spin ×ZF Z4,X -manifold.
2
1 Mutated Witten SU(2) anomaly c2 (SU(2))η̃:
4d Z2 to Z4 global anomaly free (q = 1, 3): c2 (SU(2))η 0 .
U(2) U(2)
4d Z2 to Z local anomaly free (q = 2, 6): 21 CS1 c2 (U(2)) ∼ 21 c1 (U(2))CS3 .
2 (AZ2 )c2 (SU(2)): 4d Z2 global anomaly free (q = 2, 6)
3 (AZ2 )c2 (SU(3)): 4d Z2 global anomaly free
4 c1 (U(1))2 η 0 : 4d Z4 global anomaly free
5 (AZ2 )c2 (SU(5)): 4d Z2 global anomaly free
Spin×Z2 Z4 +
6 η(PD(AZ2 )): Ω5 ∼
= ΩPin
4 = Z16 .
4d Z16 global anomaly not canceled for 15Nf Weyl fermions. Alternative stories?
Fundamental Physics embodies Ultra Quantum Matter
Energy
1019 GeV . . .? . . .
q
~c
MGUT MPlanck ∼
G
Ultra Unification
1016 GeV 2020
su(5), etc. Grand Unification

≈ Gerogi-Glashow
1974
246GeV
su(3)c × su(2)L × u(1)Y
Standard Model
su(2)L × u(1)Y
Glashow-Salam-Weinberg
1967
u(1)EM
Maxwell
1865
Strong Electric Magnetic Weak GUT Forces Topological Forces . . .? . . . Gravity
HEP-phenomenology: beyond 0d particle physics (to gapped extended

TQFT objects or gapless unparticle CFT). Quantum Matter in
Math/Physics.
Standard Model and GUT anomaly cancellation
Check: discrete B ± L symmetries, global anomalies, cobordism.

SU(3)c ×SU(2)L ×U(1)Y
Deformation Class of 15Nf ,16Nf -fermion GSMq ≡ Zq
Z-class local anomaly B − L or X ≡ 5(B − L) − 32 Y : U(1)-grav2 and U(1)3 :
Z
U(1) 1 T (PD(c1 ))
Z5 ≡ exp( i (−Nf + nνR ) (Ac12 + CS3 )).
M 5 48
P
Z
Z 2π i
M 16
5
Part 2:
• Spin ×ZF2 Spin(10)-symmetry.
Z2 -class global anomaly:
Z
Z5 ≡ exp( iπ p w2 w3 )|w2 w3 (TM)=w2 w3 (VSO(n) )
M5
• We can also include Z2Nf ,B+L background field. arXiv:2204.08393
Ultra Unification 4d and 5d coupled quantum system
Application to Beyond SM: Neutrino Physics and Dark Matter.

Quantum Phase Diagram (Moduli space or Landscape)
• Goal: understand phase transitions among SM/GUTs
• Introduce two scalar fields (GUT-Higgs fields) 
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- anti-symmetric rank-2 tensor rep. of so(10)  45

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54 - symmetric traceless rank-2 tensor rep. of so(10) 

  gso(10) <latexit sha1_base64="cP+MYpmwFl3H4GxOFqKFVMfYCBM=">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</latexit>
  so(10)
h 45 i =
6 0 h 54 i =
6 0
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  <latexit sha1_base64="lTTRlYw6AaZkYNWGY3ZFsL8umS4=">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</latexit>
gGG <latexit sha1_base64="akqzBy/HQlM2x8Q1AJEyjdawpZQ=">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</latexit>
gPS
  u(5) so(6) so(4)
 
h 54 i 6 0 h 45 i 6 0
<latexit sha1_base64="E8ujUC0zGRWicVFQYtjJCPMHxNs=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="5TbJYli9I3l6TlxElk6Dzo1Ms2o=">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</latexit>
  = =
<latexit sha1_base64="hp4GmBeUfjicycqZGQVSrwkdPR0=">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</latexit>
gSM
  su(3) su(2) u(1)Y u(1)X
• Note:  1 + 45 + 54 = 10 ⇥ 10 16 ⇥ 16 ⇥ 16 ⇥ 16
<latexit sha1_base64="Gz+fo5VeYlQAbWmU/8Npv8TY9YI=">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</latexit>
Both

Higgs fields can

be written as four-fermion

operators
U(ΦR ) = r45 (Φ45 )2 + λ45 (Φ45 )4 + r54 (Φ54 )2 + λ54 (Φ54 )4 + h Φ45 · (hΦ1st 2nd
45 i − hΦ45 i) + . . . .

Yang-Mills G gauge group theory with Weyl spinor. so(10), GG, flipped, PS, SM. New Parton.
(1 1
(1 1
(1 1
(1 1
1
1
 (3)  (2)  (2)  (10)  (3)  (2)  (2)  (5)
 )Y
)X
 )Y
)X
 )Y
)X
 )Y
)X
(1
(1
(1
(1


3 3
uL νe L uL νe R ? 1 0 5 1
2 1 1 2 - 3 -3 2 1 1
dL eL dL eR 1 6 1 10
16
uR 1 -4 1 νe R ? 1 0 5 uR 1 -4 1 νe L
2 - 3 -3 5
dR 1 2 -3
(1 1 eR 1 6 1 dR 1 2 -3 eL
(1 1
1
1
 (3)  (2)  (2)  (5)′
 )Y
)X
 )Y
)X
(1
(1
(1 1
(1 1
1
1
 (3)  (2)  (2)
 )Y
)X
 )Y
)X
(1
(1


3 (4)×(2)L

3 ×(2)R
uL eR 1 6 1 1 uL
2 1 1 2 1 1
νe L
2 - 3 -3 (4, 2, 1)
dL νe R ? 1 0 5 10 dL eL
dR 1 2 -3 νe L uR 1 -4 1 νe R ? 1 0 5
2 - 3 -3 5 4, 1, 2
uR 1 -4 1 eL dR 1 2 -3 eR 1 6 1
(1 1
(1 1
1
 (3)  (2)  (2)

 )Y
)X
 )Y
)X
(1
(1

3
uL νe L  (1)dark
gauge (3)  (2)  (1)Y 1  (1)X1  (5)  (10)
2 1 1 2 - 3 -3 c 1 3 1 -2 -2
dL eL 5
f 1 1 2 3 -2
uR 1 -4 1 νe R ? 1 0 5 10
c′ 1 3 1 2 2
dR 1 2 -3 eR 1 6 1 5
f′ 1 1 2 -3 2

Field contents of the modified so(10) GUT + WZW term
Z
4 † µ
SYM-Weyl = Tr(F ∧ ?F) + d x ψL ( i σ̄ Dµ,A )ψL ,
ZM 4
4 2
SHiggs = d x |Dµ,A ΦR | − U(ΦR ) ,
M4
1 5
1X
Z
4 | bi | 2
SYukawa = d x φ Φ φ+ ψL i σ (φ2a−1 Γ2a−1 − i φ2a Γ2a )ψL + h.c. ,
M4 2 2 a=1
1
Z Z
WZW bi bi
S = B(Φ54 ) ∧ d C(Φ45 ) =π B(Φ̃54 ) ^ δC (Φ̂45 )) .

π
Z M5 M 4 =∂M 5 M5 M 4 =∂M 5
WZW 4 µ 0 bi FIVE bi
SQED0 = d x ξ̄( i γ Dµ − Φ̃54 − i γ Φ̂45 )ξ.
4
ZM 4
WZW 5 µ 0 5 bi 6 bi 5 µ ν 6 µ ν
SQED0 = d x ξ̄( i γ̃ Dµ − m − γ̃ Φ̃54 − γ̃ i Φ̂45 − i γ̃ γ̃ γ̃ Bµν − i γ̃ γ̃ γ̃ Cµν )ξ.
5 M5
Ultra Unification (UU): SM or SM∗ as 4d EFT lives on the
boundary of 5d gapped or gapless topological theory. Topological
force and matter are involved in the unification. Many possible
phases of our universe. Neighbor phases contain various 15Nf or
16Nf Weyl fermion SM or GUTs also as EFTs. The parent UU
controls the tuning of these phase transitions.
�
��
�� (��) �� + ��

��
��
��-�� (��) ��* ��-�� (��)

��
��
UU replaces some of sterile neutrinos with new exotic gapped/gapless sectors
(e.g., topological or conformal field theory, TQFT or CFT) or gravitational
sectors with topological origins via global anomalies/cobordism constraints.
Summary
1. Cobordism class of the SM or GUT: 4d anomaly of the spacetime
Spin, internal GSMq , B − L (continuous U(1)B−L and discrete Z4,X ), and
Z2Nf ,B+L . Deformation class controls the quantum phase transitions
between SM to neighbor GUT or beyond the SM phases.
2. UU replaces νR with 4d TQFT/5d iTQFT/4d CFT, etc, global
anomaly/cobordism constraints similar to Lieb-Schultz-Mattis thm.
3. Z16 -anomaly cancellation. UU criticality: 15Nf to 16Nf fermion ψ,
topological quantum phase transition.
4. Z2 -anomaly cancellation. Deconfined quantum criticality:
Georgi-Glashow and Pati-Salam GUT transition, with SM + dark gauge
force, and a modified so (10)-GUT +WZW term. Gapless CFT region.
• Neutrino mass from TQFT, vortex subgaps, zero modes, and mixed
scenario with Dirac/Majorana mass.
• Proton stable in SM and some UU, but decay in many GUTs.
Thank you. Email: jw@cmsa.fas.harvard.edu.

2022 8 04 Harvard CMSA Phase Transition JW

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Chiral SM (light sector - nearly massless)

Mirror SM (dark sector - massive gapped)

How many Weyl fermions, per generation and in total,

arXiv: 1910.14668 [JHEP], 2106.16248 [PRD], 2111.10369, 2202.13498

PhaseTrans-Topo-Defect Early Universe, Thur, Aug 4, 2022

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 1

• Other than Perturbative Local Anomaly,

• Other than Perturbative Local Anomaly,

Mirror SM (dark sector - massive gapped)

How many Weyl fermions, per generation and in total,

d¯R ⊕ lL ⊕ qL ⊕ ūR ⊕ ēR ⊕?ν̄R

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 3

−(ψL† φψR + h.c.) + |Dµ,A φ|2 − U(φ).

LYH = ψL† φψR + h.c. contains

• A proton decays (without Z2Nf ,B+L ) vs is stable (with Z2Nf ,B+L ).

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 4

• Internal symmetry: U(1)B−L ×ZF Z2Nf ,B+L × GSMq .

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 5

Check: discrete B ± L symmetries, local vs global anomalies, cobordism.

TP5 (Spin ×ZF U(1)B−L × Z3,B+L × GSMq ) Z11 × Z9 × Z73 .

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 6

Part 1: JW-Wan-You arXiv:2112.14765

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 7

Part 1: JW-Wan-You arXiv:2112.14765

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 7

Part 1: JW-Wan-You arXiv:2112.14765

3 Discrete Baryon−Lepton number preserved (or not) at high energy:

Check: Perturbative local & nonperturbative global anomalies via cobordism.

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 7

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 8

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 9

Mirror SM (dark sector - massive gapped)

15 vs 16 Chessmen ∼ Weyl fermions in the Standard Model.

��� ������� ��(��) ��� + ��� ���� ��� �������

������-������� (��) ��* ����-����� (��)

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 10

Recall GUT breaking in David Dunsky talk

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 11

(a) massless (b) mean-field mass

(c) interacting SMG mass

(gapless / no mass) (symmetry-breaking order mass)

(symmetry-breaking order mass)

Ĥint = −(c1 c2 c3 c4 + h.c.). hci cj i = hci† cj i = 0.

• 1+1d chiral U(1) 3-4-5-0 model - SMG interaction (JW-Wen):

• 3+1d chiral SM:

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 14

Domain wall fermions. Similar but different from Parity Solution.

Mirror SM (dark sector - massive gapped)

• Nielsen-Ninomiya (NN) fermion-doubling ⇒ Domain wall fermion

SMG Strong CP solved:

SMG gap is generated,

CKM matrix become crucial

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 17

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 18

Part 2. Deconfined quantum criticality between Grand Unified

Part 3. Strong CP problem may be solved by a new solution

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 18

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 19

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 20

Ultra Unification replaces 0 zero-energy mode spectrum

The energy spectrum near the defect has energy subgap

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 21

Juven Wang Slides: tinyurl.com/3cyctwdx (later http://idear.info/) 22

�� (��) �� + ��

��-�� (��) ��* ��-�� (��)

SMG gap is generated, 

- anti-symmetric rank-2 tensor rep. of so(10)  45

54 - symmetric traceless rank-2 tensor rep. of so(10) 

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