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February Handouts
February Handouts
Colossians 3:20
“Children, obey your parents in everything, for this pleases the Lord.”
MATHEMATICS 2
Illustrating Multiplication
Did you know that there are two ways to say a multiplication sentence?
Let’s look at this one: 5 x 6 = 30
The first way to read this multiplication sentence is to say, “Five times six
equals thirty.” You can also say, “Five groups of six equals thirty.”
Properties of Multiplication
Colossians 3:20
“Children, obey your parents in everything, for this pleases the Lord.”
MATHEMATICS 3
MULTIPLICATION WITH 1-DIGIT FACTOR
2. Multiply 9 by 6
Solution:
First we need to arrange the numbers in column form.
9
× 6
54
We need to read mentally the multiplication tables of 9 to get 9 times six
are 54.
This 54 is written as product. We read it as 9 multiplied by 6 is equal to 54.
Here, 9 is the multiplicand, 6 is multiplier and 54 is the multiple fact of
product.
9 and 6 are also called factors of the product 54.
EXAMPLE: 31
x 3
93
Colossians 3:20
“Children, obey your parents in everything, for this pleases the Lord.”
MATHEMATICS 4
FRACTIONS
Adding and Subtracting Like Fractions
Like Fractions are those fractions with the same denominator.
Step 1: Rewrite the unlike fractions as like fractions with the least common
multiple as their denominator. This new denominator is called the Least Common
Denominator(LCD)
Colossians 3:20
“Children, obey your parents in everything, for this pleases the Lord.”
MATHEMATICS 5
FRACTIONS
Adding and Subtracting Like Fractions
Like Fractions are those fractions with the same denominator.
Step 1: Rewrite the unlike fractions as like fractions with the least common
multiple as their denominator. This new denominator is called the Least Common
Denominator(LCD)
Colossians 3:20
“Children, obey your parents in everything, for this pleases the Lord.”
MATHEMATICS 6
OPERATIONS ON INTEGERS
Colossians 3:20
“Children, obey your parents in everything, for this pleases the Lord.”
FILIPINO 1
Pangungusap at Parirala
Pangungusap
-Ang pangungusap ay isang salita o lipon ng mga salita na nagpapahayag
ng buong diwa o kaisipan.
Mga Halimbawa:
1. Si Itay ay nagpunta sa doktor upang magpagamot.
2. Ako ay kakain ng gulay upang maging malusog ang aking katawan.
3. Si Andy ay pupunta sa Maynila para makita ang kanyang Ama.
4. Si Glen ay magsisimba samantalang kami manunuod ng sine.
5. Nagluluto na ako ng ulam nang sila ay dumating.
6.Araw-araw nagdadala si Aling Lucia ng paninda sa bayan
7. Uminom si Fred ng gatas.
8. Nalunod ang bata.
9. Umuulan!
10.ng ibon ay lumilipad.
11.Umuulan!
12. Ang ibon ay lumilipad.
2. Patanong
Halimbawa:
Maghahanda po ba tayo?
Paano ba gawin ito?
3. Pautos o Pakiusap
Halimbawa:
Mag-imbita kayo ng mga kaibigan. Maari po ba kaming mag-mbita sa pista?
Pakikuha nga ng bag ko.
Magsalita ka nga ng maayos.
4. Padamdam
Halimbawa:
Naku! Ang ganda ng palamuti sa daan.
Parirala
-Ang parirala ay isang salita o lipon ng mga salita na hindi nagpapahayag
ng buong diwa.
-Ang parirala ay mga lipon ng salita na walang simuno at panaguri at
ginagamit lamang sa bahagi ng pangungusap.
Mga Halimbawa:
1.paglipas ng panahon
2.walang sinasabi
3.nakadikit lang
4.ang hindi maalwan
5.masigasig sa una
6.sa ibang bansa.
7.Mga Pilipinong manggagawa
8.Ang matabang bata
9.Masarap na pagkain
10.Ang maingay na mga tao
11.Maingay na pinaandar
12.Dahan-dahang inakyat ang pader
13.Nakabuo ng grupo
14.Binalikan ni Harold
15.Nabubulok ang mga prutas
16.Marunong ako magluto
17.Matiyagang pinag-aralan ni James
18.Tuwing kaarawan ni Lisa
Pangngalan
Mateo 21:22
“Anumang hingin ninyo sa panalangin ay tatanggapin ninyo kung naniniwala kayo.”
FILIPINO 2
Pandiwa
Basahin ang mga pangungusap.
Ang mga bata ay kumakanta.
Ang mga ibon ay lumilipad.
Sumisikat ang araw sa silangan.
Ano ang ginagawa ng mga bata?
Ano ang ginagawa ng mga ibon?
Ano ang nangyayari sa araw?
Halimbawa:
Ang mga bata ay naglalaro sa palaruan.
Kumain kami ng agahan sa restawran.
Ang tubig ay dumadaloy papuntang dagat.
Mateo 21:22
“Anumang hingin ninyo sa panalangin ay tatanggapin ninyo kung naniniwala kayo.”
FILIPINO 3
Pang-ukol
Ano ang Pang-ukol?
Pangungusap at Parirala
Pangungusap
-Ang pangungusap ay isang salita o lipon ng mga salita na nagpapahayag
ng buong diwa o kaisipan.
Mga Halimbawa:
1. Si Itay ay nagpunta sa doktor upang magpagamot.
2. Ako ay kakain ng gulay upang maging malusog ang aking katawan.
3. Si Andy ay pupunta sa Maynila para makita ang kanyang Ama.
4. Si Glen ay magsisimba samantalang kami manunuod ng sine.
5. Nagluluto na ako ng ulam nang sila ay dumating.
6.Araw-araw nagdadala si Aling Lucia ng paninda sa bayan
7. Uminom si Fred ng gatas.
8. Nalunod ang bata.
9. Umuulan!
10.ng ibon ay lumilipad.
11.Umuulan!
12. Ang ibon ay lumilipad.
2. Patanong
Halimbawa:
Maghahanda po ba tayo?
Paano ba gawin ito?
3. Pautos o Pakiusap
Halimbawa:
Mag-imbita kayo ng mga kaibigan. Maari po ba kaming mag-mbita sa pista?
Pakikuha nga ng bag ko.
Magsalita ka nga ng maayos.
4. Padamdam
Halimbawa:
Naku! Ang ganda ng palamuti sa daan.
Parirala
-Ang parirala ay isang salita o lipon ng mga salita na hindi nagpapahayag
ng buong diwa.
-Ang parirala ay mga lipon ng salita na walang simuno at panaguri at
ginagamit lamang sa bahagi ng pangungusap.
Mga Halimbawa:
1.paglipas ng panahon
2.walang sinasabi
3.nakadikit lang
4.ang hindi maalwan
5.masigasig sa una
6.sa ibang bansa.
7.Mga Pilipinong manggagawa
8.Ang matabang bata
9.Masarap na pagkain
10.Ang maingay na mga tao
Mateo 21:22
“Anumang hingin ninyo sa panalangin ay tatanggapin ninyo kung naniniwala kayo.”
FILIPINO 5
Kayarian ng Pang-uri
Pang-uri
-ay isang bahagi ng pananalita na binabago ang isang pangngalan, karaniwang
sinasalarawan nito o ginagawang mas partikular ito.
-ay nagbibigay ng turing sa isang pangngalan o panghalip.
-ay iyong mga salita katulad ng malaki, matanda at nakakapagod na sinasalarawan
ang mga tao, mga lugar, o mga bagay.
May apat na anyo/kayarian ang mga pang-uri. Ito ay ang mga sumusunod:
1) Payak
Ito ay binubuo ng mga salitang-ugat lamang.
Halimbawa: hinog, sabog, ganda
2) Maylapi
Ito ay mga pang-uri na binubuo ng salitang-ugat at panlapi.
Halimbawa: tinanong, kumakain, pagmamahal
3) Inuulit
Ito ay binubuo sa pamamagitan ng pag-ulit ng buong salita o bahagi ng salita.
Halimbawa: pulang-pula, puting-puti, araw-araw, gabi-gabi (Hindi inuulit ang
mga salitang: halo-halo, paru-paro)
4) Tambalan
Ito ay binubuo ng dalawang salitang pinagtatambal.
Halimbawa: ningas-kugon, ngiting-aso, balat-sibuyas, kapit-tuko, bahag buntot
Uri ng Pang-uri
May tatlong uri ang mga pang-uri. Ito ay ang mga sumusunod:
1) Panlarawan
Ito ay nagsasaad ng laki, kulay, anyo, amoy, tunog, yari, lasa at hugis ng mga
pangngalan o panghalip.
Halimbawa: munti, biluhaba, matamis, malubha
2) Pantangi
Sinasabi nito ang tiyak na pangngalan. Ito ay binubuo ng isang pangngalang
pambalana at isang pangngalang pantangi. Ang pangngalang pantangi (na nagsisimula
sa malaking titik) ay naglalarawan o tumutukoy sa uri ng pangngalang pambalana.
Halimbawa: wikang Ingles, kulturang Espanyol, pagkaing Iloko
3) Pamilang
Ito ay nagsasabi ng bilang, dami, o posisyon sa pagkakasunodsunod ng pangngalan
o panghalip. May ilang uri ito.
A. Patakaran
Ito ay nagsasaad ng aktuwal na bilang ng tao o bagay. Ito ay mga basal na
bilang o numeral.
Halimbawa: isa, apat, limang libo
B. Panunuran
Ito ay nagsasaad ng posisyon ng pangngalan sa pagkasunod-sunod ng mga
tao o bagay. Isinasabi ng mga ito kung pang-ilan ang tao o bagay.
Halimbawa: ikatlo, una, pangalawa
C. Pamahagi
Ito ay nagsasaad ng bahagi ng kabuuan ng pangngalan. Ang unlaping tig- ay
nagsasaad ng pantay na pamamahagi (equal distribution). Ginagamit ito kapag
ang bilang ng bagay na ibinigay o natanggap ay parepareho.
Halimbawa: kalahati, limang-kawalo, sangkapat
D. Pahalaga
Ito ay nagsasaad ng halaga (katumbas na pera) ng bagay o anumang binili o
bibilhin.
Halimbawa: piso, limampung sentimo, sandaang piso
E. Palansak
Ito ay nagsasaad ng pagpapang-pangkat ng mga tao o bagay. Itinutukoy nito
ang bilang na bumubuo ng isang pangkat ng tao o bagay na pinagsama-sama.
Halimbawa: dalawahan, sampu-sampu, animan
F. Patakda
Ito ay nagsasaad ng tiyak na bilang ng pangngalan. Ang bilang na ito ay hindi
na madadagdagan o mababawasan pa.
Halimbawa: iisa, dadalawa, lilima
Kaantasan ng Pang-uri
May tatlong antas ng hambingan ng pang-uri.
1) Lantay
Ito ay naglalarawan lamang ng isa o payak na pangngalan o panghalip.
Halimbawa: maliit, kupas, mataba
2) Pahambing
Ito ay ginagamit sa pagtutulad ng dalawang pangngalan o panghalip.
A. Magkatulad
Ito ang paghahambing kung patas sa katangian ang pinagtutulad. Ginagamitan ito
ng mga unlapi tulad ng ga-, sing-/kasing-, magsing-/magkasing-.
B. Di-magkatulad
Ito ang paghahambing kung nagbibigay ito ng diwa ng pagkakait, pagtanggi o
pagsalungat.
3) Pasukdol
Ito ang pinakadulong digri ng kaantasan. Ito ay maaaring positibo o negatibo. Ang
paglalarawan ay masidhi kung kaya maaaring gumagamit ng mga katagang sobra,
ubod, tunay, talaga, saksakan, hari ng ___, at kung minsa'y pag-uulit ng pang-uri.
Pahambing
Lantay Di-magkatulad Pasukdol
Magkatulad
Palamang Pasahol
pangit kasing-pangit higit na pangit di-gaanong pangit pinakapangit
di-masyadong
maganda singganda mas maganda ubod ng ganda
maganda
tunay na
mabango magkasing-bango lalong mabango di-gasinong mabango
mabango
Mateo 21:22
“Anumang hingin ninyo sa panalangin ay tatanggapin ninyo kung naniniwala kayo.”
FILIPINO 6
Pandiwa
Ang pandiwa ay isang salita (bahagi ng pananalita) na nagsasaad ng kilos o galaw
(lakad, takbo, dala), isang pangyayari (naging, nangyari), o isang katayuan (tindig, upo,
umiral). Mga halimbawa (naka-italiko):
● Pumunta ako sa tindahan.
● Binili ko ang tinapay.
● Kumain ako ng tinapay kaninang umaga.
● Sumakay ako sa jeep papunta sa paaralan.
● Ginagawa ko palagi ang aking mga takdang-aralin.
Aspekto ng Pandiwa
Ipinapakita ng aspekto ng pandiwa kung kailan nangyari, nangyayari, mangyayari o
kung ipagpapatuloy pa ang nagaganap na kilos.
Salitang- Naganap o Nagaganap o Magaganap o
Pawatas Kakatapos
Ugat Perpektibo Imperpektibo Kontemplatibo
basa magbasa nagbasa nagbabasa magbabasa kababasa
sira masira nasira nasisira masisira kasisira
1) Pawatas
Ito ang tawag sa kombinasyon ng salitang-ugat at ng panlaping makadiwa. Sa
pawatas nabubuo ang mga pandiwa.
Salitang-Ugat + Panlapi = Pawatas = Pandiwa
tuka + um = tumuka = tumuka, tumutuka, tutuka
= nagpalit, nagpapalit,
palit + mag = magpalit
magpapalit
Pokus ng Pandiwa
Ito ang tawag sa relasyong pansemantika ng pandiwa sa simuno o paksa
ng pangungusap. Naipapakita ito sa pamamagitan ng taglay na panlapi ng
pandiwa.
1) Tagaganap o Aksyon o Aktor
Ang paksa ang tagaganap ng kilos na isinasaad ng pandiwa sa
pangungusap. Ito ay sumasagot sa tanong na "sino?". Ginagamit ang mga
panlaping mag-, um-, mang-, ma-, maka-, makapag-, maki- at magpa-.
Halimbawa:
Naglunsad ng proyekto ang mga kabataan. Dumalaw kami sa
mga batang may sakit.
Mateo 21:22
“Anumang hingin ninyo sa panalangin ay tatanggapin ninyo kung naniniwala kayo.”
EDUKASYONG PANTAHANAN AT
PANGKABUHAYAN 4
Pagkukumpuni ng mga Sirang Kasangkaan at Sirang Bahagi ng
Bahay
1) Pagpapalit ng Pumutok na Fuse
Ang fuse ay pangunahing switch ng lahat ng koneksiyon ng kuryente sa
bahay. Ito ay nakalagay sa fuse box na yari sa metal
Paraan ng Pagpapalit ng Sirang Fuse
a. Patayin ang linya ng kuryente sa pamamagitan ng pagbaba ng lever ng fuse box.
b. Buksan ang takip ng fuse box. Tanggalin ang mga fuse sa loob ng box gamit ang
plais na may insulator. Siguraduhing ang bahaging insulator lamang ang hahawakan
sa plais. Ang insulator ay nakapipigil sa daloy ng kuryente.
c. Tingnan ang bilang ng amperes ng mga fuse na tinanggal. Ang ampere ay batayang
yunit ng daloy ng kuryente. Tiyaking pareho ang bilang ng amperes ng fuse na
ipapalit sa tinanggal.
d. Suriin sa pamamagitan ng tester kung alin sa mga fuse ang hindi na gumagana.
e. Kapag nalaman na kung aling fuse ang hindi gumagana, palitan na ito ng bago.
Tiyaking maayos at nakalapat sa lalagyan ng mga fuse bago isara ang fuse box.
f. Buksan ang linya ng kuryente sa pamamagitan ng pagtaas ng lever ng fuse box.
Subukin kung nagsisisndi ang mga ilaw upang matiyak na gumagana ang ipinalit na
fuse o wasto ang pagkakalagay nito.
Pananahi sa Makina
Ang makinang panahi o aparatong pantahi ay isang aparatong pambahay o
pangpabrika na ginagamit sa pagtahi ng mga damit, sapatos, o ibang pinaggagamitan
ng tela at sinulid katulad ng punda ng unan at kobrekama.
May dalawang klase ng mga makinang panahi, and pang-industriyang makinang pantahi
at pangbahay na makinang pantahi.
Mga Bahagi ng makinang pananahi
Kawikaan
Pagnanarseri
MGA SALIK NA DAPAT ISAALANG-ALANG SA PAGNANARSERI
Alam mo ba na ang narseri ay isang lugar kung saan ang mga buto at iba pang uri ng
mga pananim ay pinatutubo at inaalagaan hanggang sa mga ito ay handa ng ilipat sa
permanenteng tanim? Kaya, dapat mong alamin ang mga salik na dapat isaalang-alang
sa pagnanarseri upang matugunan ang pangangailangan ng pananim at ang kasiyahang
nais matamo sa paghahalaman.
Mabuting Naidudulot ng Pagnanarseri
1. Ang pagnanarseri ay nakalilibang na gawain.
2. Natutugunan din nito ang mga magsasakang nangangailangan ng mga punla o
binhing itatanim.
3. Nagiging isang uri din ito ng paghahanapbuhay.
4. Nakatutulong din ito sa pagsulong ng kabuhayan.
5. Natutulungan nito ang mga taong nais magtanim at agad silang may
mapagkukunan ng mabuting uri ng binhi.
6. Ang pagnanarseri ay nakapagpapaganda ng paligid.
7. Ito ay pananggalang sa polusyon na dulot ng mga usok ng mga sasakyan.
Salik na Kailangan sa Pagnanarseri
1. Matabang Lupa. Ang lupa sa pook ng binhian ay dpat na maging mataba (ibig
sabihin, madali itong durugin at sagana sa humus) upang ang halaman ay tumubo. Ang
katabaan ng lupa ay nangangailangan ng isang uri ng pagkaing halaman sa anyong
humus, na matatagpuan sa lupa. Ang katabaan ng lupa ay nangangailangan ng isang uri
ng pagkaing halaman sa anyong humus na matatagpuan sa lupa. Ang loam, banlik o
putik ay mga uri ng lupa sa binhian.
2. Pagkakaroon ng Daluyan ng Tubig. Ang lupa na pagtatayuan ng narseri ay
kinakailangan bahagyang nakahilig upang may dumaloy ang tubig, lalo na kung malakas
ang ulan.
3. Malapit sa Pinagmulan ng Tubig. Ang narseri ay dapat na malapit sa
pinanggalingan ng sapat na dami ng tubig, sapagkat ito ay kinakailangan sa
pagpapatubo ng halaman. Higit na kinakailangan ang tubig kung tagaraw.
4. Maayos na Bakod. Ang narseri ay dapat mayroong maayos na bakod upang
mapangalagaan ang mga halaman at mga pinaraming punla sa mga nakawala o ligaw
na hayop.
5. Pagkakaroon ng Pananggalang sa Malakas na Hangin. Ang malakas na hangin ay
nakakapinsala sa maliit na halaman, kung kaya’t ang narseri ay dapat mayroong likas na
pananggang hangin tulad ng mga punongkahoy o burol.
6. Nasisikatan ng Araw. Ang sikat ng araw ay kailangan ng halaman sa paggawa ng
pagkain. Dapat nasisikatan ng araw sa maghapon ang napiling lugar na pagtatayuan ng
narser.
7. Maaayos na Daan. Kailangan ding malapit sa maayos na daan ang narseri upang
madaling maisapamilihan angmga punla at maging magaan ang paghahatid ng mga ito.
Pag-aalaga ng Hayop
Kahalagahan ng Pag-aalaga ng mga Hayop
1) Dagdag kita
2) Pinagkukunan-pagkain
3) Libangan
4) Nakapagtuturo ng pagpapahalaga
5) Nakalilinang ng kasipagan at tiyaga
Kawikaan
MAPEH 3
Music
The Grand Staff
The Grand Staff (also known as the Grand Stave) is basically just 2 staves joined
together, The Staves
There are two staves which make up the Grand Staff. The top stave uses
the Treble Clef to identify notes and the bottom stave uses the Bass Clef.
The lines of the grand staff
First we look at the lines in the top stave. This is the treble
clef (also called the G clef) stave.
These are the first five letters of the pattern E G B D F from
the bottom line to the top line. As long as you know the
order of letters and to begin on E, you can always work out
a note by starting from the bottom line and working
through the sequence of letters.
The Spaces
The spaces on both staves also follow the pattern!
The spaces on the top staff begin on F in the sequence and
because there are 4 spaces the spaces are F A C E, so the
spaces in the top staff are easy to remember because they
spell FACE
ARTS
Hand Art
Art or craftsmanship executed by hand.
Impasto Paint
Impasto is a technique used in painting, where paint is laid on an area of the
surface in very thick layers,[1] usually thick enough that the brush or painting-
knife strokes are visible. Paint can also be mixed right on the canvas. When dry,
impasto provides texture; the paint appears to be coming out of the canvas.
Physical Education
1. Locomotor
2. Nonlocomotor
3. Manipulative
Locomotor Movements
Let's start with locomotor movements. Locomotor refers to body movements
that move the body from one place to another. They cause the body to travel.
There are eight main locomotor movements. They are categorized as either even
or uneven movements. Even rhythm movements consist of equal, unvarying
actions. These movements include:
1. Walking 4. Leaping
2. Running 5. Jumping
3. Hopping
Keep in mind that we're referring to the physical education definition of these
movements. Students sometimes confuse the movements and terminology.
A hop is technically defined as a springing from one foot and landing on that
same foot. A leap is a springing from one foot but landing on the other foot.
Leaping movements are commonly used when people jump over objects, like
jumping over a rain puddle.
Uneven rhythm movements consist of unequal actions. They also sometimes
incorporate alternating actions. These movements include:
1. Skipping
2. Galloping
3. Sliding
Note that a gallop is defined as stepping forward and pushing up with one foot,
while the other foot follows. The student lands on the trailing foot. You might
think of it as a rudimentary skip that toddlers do. A slide is similar, but the lead
foot glides forward or sideward while the other foot follows. The lead foot does
not step or push off into the air. Sliding movements are used in skating and
skiing.
Nonlocomotor Movements
Nonlocomotor movements are also sometimes called axial movements. They
are movements of certain body parts, or even the whole body, without causing
the body to travel. For example, swinging your arms back and forth. Notice that
nonlocomotor movements are often combined with locomotor movements, such
as walking and swinging your arms.
There are many different nonlocomotor movements:
● Bending
● Flexing
● Stretching
● Extending
● Lifting
● Raising
Manipulative Skills
A manipulative skill is one in which a child handles an object with the hands, feet,
or other body parts. Manipulative skills are basic to the development of sport
skills. Jump-rope activities develop specialized motor skills, particularly visual–
tactile coordination. Rope-jumping activities in this chapter progress from
individual movements using rope patterns to long-rope jumping with turners to
individual rope-jumping challenges. Rhythmic gymnastic activities combine
rhythmic and manipulative skills using a particular piece of manipulative
equipment while moving to accompaniment.
Health
Endocrine System
What Is the Endocrine System?
The endocrine system is a network of glands in your
body that make the hormones that help cells talk to
each other. They’re responsible for almost every cell,
organ, and function in your body.
If your endocrine system isn't healthy, you might
have problems developing during puberty, getting
pregnant, or managing stress. You also might gain
weight easily, have weak bones, or lack energy
because too much sugar stays in your blood instead
of moving into your cells where it's needed for
energy.
What Is a Gland?
A gland is an organ that makes and puts out hormones that do a specific job in
your body. Endocrine glands release the substances they make into your
bloodstream.
Endocrine System Functions
Your endocrine system:
● Makes hormones that control your moods, growth and
development, metabolism, organs, and reproduction
● Controls how your hormones are released
● Sends those hormones into your bloodstream so they can travel to other
body parts
Parts of the Endocrine System
Many glands make up the endocrine system. The hypothalamus, pituitary gland,
and pineal gland are in your brain. The thyroid and parathyroid glands are in your
neck. The thymus is between your lungs, the adrenals are on top of your kidneys,
and the pancreas is behind your stomach. Your ovaries (if you're a woman) or
testes (if you're a man) are in your pelvic region.
● Hypothalamus. This organ connects your endocrine system with
your nervous system. Its main job is to tell your pituitary gland to start or
stop making hormones.
● Pituitary gland. This is your endocrine system’s master gland. It uses
information it gets from your brain to tell other glands in your body what to
do. It makes many important hormones, including growth hormone;
prolactin, which helps breastfeeding moms make milk; and luteinizing
hormone, which manages estrogen in women and testosterone in men.
● Pineal gland. It makes a chemical called melatonin that helps your body
get ready to go to sleep.
● Thyroid gland. This gland makes thyroid hormone, which controls
your metabolism. If this gland doesn't make enough (a condition called
hypothyroidism), everything happens more slowly. Your heart rate might
slow down. You could get constipated. And you might gain weight. If it
makes too much (hyperthyroidism), everything speeds up. Your heart might
race. You could have diarrhea. And you might lose weight without trying.
● Parathyroid. This is a set of four small glands behind your thyroid. They
play a role in bone health. The glands control your levels of calcium and
phosphorus.
● Thymus. This gland makes white blood cells called T-lymphocytes that fight
infection and are crucial as a child's immune system develops. The thymus
starts to shrink after puberty.
● Adrenals. Best known for making the "fight or flight" hormone adrenaline
(also called epinephrine), these two glands also make hormones called
corticosteroids. They affect your metabolism and sexual function, among
other things.
● Pancreas. This organ is part of both your digestive and endocrine systems.
It makes digestive enzymes that break down food. It also makes the
hormones insulin and glucagon. These ensure you have the right amount
of sugar in your bloodstream and your cells.
● If you don't make insulin, which is the case for people with type 1 diabetes,
your blood sugar levels can get dangerously high. In type 2 diabetes,
the pancreas usually makes some insulin but not enough.
● Ovaries. In women, these organs make estrogen and progesterone. These
hormones help develop breasts at puberty, regulate the menstrual cycle,
and support a pregnancy.
● Testes. In men, the testes make testosterone. It helps them grow facial
and body hair at puberty. It also tells the penis to grow larger and plays a
role in making sperm.
Ephesians 4:32
“Be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ
forgave you.”
MAPEH 4
Music
Musical Instruments
The STRING Family
The string family is comprised of instruments whose sounding
mechanism is directly contacted by the hands. Many stringed instruments
are played with a bow, which greatly increases the possible sounds that the
instrument can produce. The most common types of stringed instruments
include:
• the violin family (violin, viola, violoncello and double bass)
• the harp
• the guitar family (guitar, bass guitar, banjo, mandolin, ukulele)
ARTS
Hand Art
Art or craftsmanship executed by hand.
Impasto Paint
Impasto is a technique used in painting, where paint is
laid on an area of the surface in very thick layers,[1] usually
thick enough that the brush or painting-
knife strokes are visible. Paint can also be mixed right on
the canvas. When dry, impasto provides texture; the paint
appears to be coming out of the canvas.
Physical Education
Traditional games in the Philippines
Traditional Filipino Games or Indigenous games in the Philippines (Tagalog: Laro ng Lahi)
are games commonly played by children, usually using native materials or instruments. In
the Philippines, due to limited resources of toys for Filipino children, they usually invent
games without the need of anything but the players themselves. Their games' complexity
arises from their flexibility to think and act.
1) Bahay-Bahayan
Players make imaginary houses using materials like curtains, spare woods, ropes, or other
things that can be used to build the houses. They will assign each individual what they
wanted to be, then act as if it is real.
2) Chinese Garter
Two people hold both ends of a stretched garter horizontally while the others attempt to
cross over it. The goal is to cross without having tripped on the garter. With each round, the
garter's height is raised higher than the previous round (the game starts with the garter at
ankle-level, followed by knee-level, until the garter is positioned above the head). The higher
rounds demand dexterity, and the players generally leap with their feet first in the air, so
their feet cross over the garter, and they end up landing on the other side. Also, with the
higher levels, doing cartwheels to "cross" the garter is allowed. Additionally, they can add a
rule (only allowed to be used at lower than the head) to only cross over with both legs and not
separately.
3) Hand clapping games
A hand-clapping game generally involving four people. They are split into two pairs with each
pair facing each other. Members from both pairs face the center (the two pairs being
perpendicular to each other). Each pair then does a hand clapping "routine" while singing the
"Bahay Kubo" or "Leron-leron Sinta". In the middle of the song, each pair woul exchange
"routines" with the other.
4) Holen
This game is where players should hold the ball called holen in their hand then throw it to hit
the players ball out of the playing area. Holen is called marble in USA. It is played a more
precise way by tucking the marble with the player's third finger, the thumb under the marble,
the fourth finger used as to stable the marble. They aim at grouped marbles inside a circle
and flick the marble from their fingers, and anything they hit out of the circle is theirs.
Whoever obtained the most marbles wins the game. Players (manlalaro) can also win the
game by eliminating their opponents by aiming and hitting his marble. Players need to be
very accurate to win.
5) Jack 'n' Poy
This is the local version of Rock-paper-scissors (bato, papel, at gunting). Though the spelling
seems American in influence, the game is really Japanese in origin (janken) with the lyrics in
the Japanese version sound "hong butt".
6) Langit-Lupa
Langit-lupa (lit. heaven and earth) one it chases after players who are allowed to run on level
ground ("lupa") and clamber over objects ("langit"). The it may tag players who remain on
the ground, but not those who are standing in the "langit" (heaven).
7) Luksong tinik
Luksong tinik (lit. jump over the thorns of a plant): two players serve as the base of the tinik
(thorn) by putting their right or left feet and hands together (soles touching gradually
building the tinik). A starting point is set by all the players, giving enough runway for the
players to achieve a higher jump, so as not to hit the tinik. Players of the other team start
jumping over the tinik, followed by the other team members. If a player hit either hands or
feet of the base players "tinik", he or she will be punished by giving him or her consequences.
8) Luksong-Baka
Luksong-Baka (lit. jump over the cow) is a popular variation of Luksong-tinik. One player
crouches while the other players jump over them. The crouching player gradually stands up
as the game progresses, making it harder for the other players to jump over them. A person
becomes the it when they touch the baka as they jump. It will repeat continuously until the
players declare the player or until the players decide to stop the game most of the time once
they get tired. It is the Filipino version of Leapfrog.
9) Palosebo
Palosebo (lit. greased bamboo pole climbing): This game involves a greased bamboo pole that
players attempt to climb. These games are usually played during town fiestas, particularly in
the provinces. The objective of the participants is to be the first person to reach the prize—a
small bag—located at the top of the bamboo pole. The small bag usually contains money or
toys.
10) Pitik-Bulag
This game involves 2 players. One covers his eyes with a hand while the other flicks a finger
(pitik) over the hand covering the eyes. The person with the covered eyes gives a number
with his hand the same time the other does. If their numbers are the same, then they
exchange roles in the game. Another version of this is that the blind (bulag) will try to guess
the finger that the other person used to flick them.
11) Patintero
Patintero, also called Harangang Taga or Tubigan (lit. try to cross my line without letting me
touch or catch you): There are two teams playing: an attack team and a defense team; with
five players for each team. The attack team must try to run along the perpendicular lines
from the home-base to the back-end, and return without being tagged by the defense players.
12) Piko
Piko is the Philippine variation of the game hopscotch. The players stand behind the edge of
a box, and each should throw their cue ball. The first to play is determined depending on the
players' agreement (e.g. nearest to the moon, wings or chest). Whoever succeeds in throwing
the cue ball nearest to the place that they have agreed upon will play first. The next nearest is
second, and so on. The person is out for the round if they stand with both feet
13) Sawsaw-Suka
(lit. dip it into vinegar): The it has his/her palm open while the other players touch the palm
with their index fingers, singing "sawsaw suka/mahuli taya!" (dip it into the vinegar/the last
one (or one who got caught) is it). The it tries to catch any player's finger at the end of the
song. Another version of the song is "Sawsaw suka/Mapaso taya!" (dip into the vinegar/the
one who gets burned (the one who removes their finger) becomes it).
14) Sipa
Sipa (lit. game of Kick): The object being used to play the game is also called sipa. It is made
of a washer with colorful threads, usually plastic straw, attached to it. Also, sipa can be
played using a rattan ball or a lead washer covered in cloth or plastic.[21] The sipa is then
thrown upwards for the player toss using their foot. The player must not allow the sipa to
touch the ground by hitting it several times with their foot, and sometimes the part just above
the knee. The player must count the number of times they was able to kick the sipa. The one
with most number of kicks wins the game. Sipa has also been the national sport of the
Philippines until 2009.[21]
15) Taguan
Taguan is similar to hide and seek. What is unique in Tagu-Taguan is that this game is
usually played at sunset or at night as a challenge for the it to locate those who are hiding
under the caves in Laguna and Cavite which is a popular site for pro taguan players.
16) Teks
Teks or teks game cards (lit. texted game cards): Filipino children collect these playing cards
which contain comic strips and text placed within speech balloons. The game is played by
tossing the cards in the air until they hit the ground. The cards are flipped upwards through
the air using the thumb and the forefinger which creates a snapping sound as the nail of the
thumb hits the surface of the card. The winner or gainer collects the other players' card
depending on how the cards are laid out upon hitting or landing on the ground.
17) Ten-Twenty
A game involving two pairs, with one utilizing a stretched length of garter. One pair faces
each other from a distance and has the garter stretched around them in such a way that a pair
of parallel lengths of garter is between them. The members of the other pair, then begin
doing a jumping "routine" over the garters while singing a song ("ten, twenty, thirty, and so
on until one hundred). Each level begins with the garters at ankle-height and progresses to
higher positions, with the players jumping nimbly on the garters while doing their routines.
18) Tsato / Syato
Tsato (lit. stick game, better be good at it): Two players, one flat stick (usually 3 feet (0.91 m))
and one short flat piece of wood (4 inches (100 mm) usually a piece cut from the flat stick).
19)Tumbang Preso
Tumbang preso or Presohan in the Luzon, and Tumba-Patis or Tumba-Lata in most Visayan
regions (in English Hit The Can). This also one of the popular Filipino street games played by
children using their slippers to hit a tin can at the center.
20) Ubusan Lahi
Ubusan lahi (lit. clannicide): One tries to conquer the members of a group (as in claiming the
members of another's clan). The tagged player from the main group automatically becomes
an ally of the tagger. The more players, the better. The game will start with only one it and
then try to find and tag other players. Once one player is tagged, they will then help the it to
tag the other players until no other participant is left. Some people also know this as Bansai o
Lipunan. The a lot players are 5–10
21) Sungka
Played with a wooden board with seven smaller dips or
holes on each side, and two bigger holes on either side,
and shells or stones. The premise of the game is to
collect more shells than your opponent.
Health
Endocrine System
What Is the Endocrine System?
The endocrine system is a network of glands in your body that make the
hormones that help cells talk to each other. They’re responsible for almost
every cell, organ, and function in your body.
If your endocrine system isn't healthy, you might have problems developing
during puberty, getting pregnant, or managing stress. You also might gain
weight easily, have weak bones, or lack energy because too
much sugar stays in your blood instead of moving into your cells where it's
needed for energy.
What Is a Gland?
A gland is an organ that makes and puts out hormones that do a specific
job in your body. Endocrine glands release the substances they make into
your bloodstream.
Endocrine System Functions
Your endocrine system:
● Makes hormones that control your moods, growth and
development, metabolism, organs, and reproduction
● Controls how your hormones are released
● Sends those hormones into your bloodstream so they can travel to
other body parts
Parts of the Endocrine System
Many glands make up the endocrine system. The hypothalamus, pituitary
gland, and pineal gland are in your brain. The thyroid and parathyroid
glands are in your neck. The thymus is between your lungs, the adrenals
are on top of your kidneys, and the pancreas is behind your stomach. Your
ovaries (if you're a woman) or testes (if you're a man) are in your pelvic
region.
● Hypothalamus. This organ connects your endocrine system with
your nervous system. Its main job is to tell your pituitary gland to
start or stop making hormones.
● Pituitary gland. This is your endocrine system’s master gland. It uses
information it gets from your brain to tell other glands in your body
what to do. It makes many important hormones, including
growth hormone; prolactin, which helps breastfeeding moms make
milk; and luteinizing hormone, which manages estrogen in women and
testosterone in men.
● Pineal gland. It makes a chemical called melatonin that helps your
body get ready to go to sleep.
● Thyroid gland. This gland makes thyroid hormone, which controls
your metabolism. If this gland doesn't make enough (a condition called
hypothyroidism), everything happens more slowly. Your heart
rate might slow down. You could get constipated. And you might gain
weight. If it makes too much (hyperthyroidism), everything speeds up.
Your heart might race. You could have diarrhea. And you might lose
weight without trying.
● Parathyroid. This is a set of four small glands behind your thyroid.
They play a role in bone health. The glands control your levels
of calcium and phosphorus.
● Thymus. This gland makes white blood cells called T-lymphocytes that
fight infection and are crucial as a child's immune system develops.
The thymus starts to shrink after puberty.
● Adrenals. Best known for making the "fight or flight" hormone
adrenaline (also called epinephrine), these two glands also make
hormones called corticosteroids. They affect your metabolism and
sexual function, among other things.
● Pancreas. This organ is part of both your digestive and endocrine
systems. It makes digestive enzymes that break down food. It also
makes the hormones insulin and glucagon. These ensure you have the
right amount of sugar in your bloodstream and your cells.
● If you don't make insulin, which is the case for people with type 1
diabetes, your blood sugar levels can get dangerously high. In type 2
diabetes, the pancreas usually makes some insulin but not enough.
● Ovaries. In women, these organs make estrogen and progesterone.
These hormones help develop breasts at puberty, regulate
the menstrual cycle, and support a pregnancy.
● Testes. In men, the testes make testosterone. It helps them grow
facial and body hair at puberty. It also tells the penis to grow larger
and plays a role in making sperm.
Ephesians 4:32
“Be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ
forgave you.”
MAPEH 6
Music
Key Signature
Key signature- the arrangement of sharp or flat signs on particular lines and
spaces of a musical staff to indicate that the corresponding notes, in
every octave, are to be consistently raised (by sharps) or lowered (by flats) from
their natural pitches. (The keys of C major and A minor, having no sharps or
flats, have no key signature.) The key signature is placed after the clef indication
(treble or bass, for example) at the beginning of a staff or after a double bar line
—the separation necessary for a change of signature—within a staff.
ARTS
Mixing Primary Colors
One of the element of art is Color. It is fun to do artwork with colors.Mixing
primary colors make secondary colors.
COL
OR WHEEL
Color Values
The value of color is its lightness or darkness.
1. Tint- it is produced by adding white to a color. It is the lighter value of
color.
2. Shade- it is produced by adding black to a color. It is the darker value of
color.
Color Scheme:
1) Monochromatic Scheme- tints plus shades of a particular color.
Ex. Tint + red + red orange and yellow
2) Analogous Scheme- color next to the other on the Color Wheel.
Ex. Green + yellow green
3) Complimentary Scheme- color opposite the other on the Color Wheel.
Ex. Blue + orange; red orange + yellow green
Physical Education
Stunts and Tumbling
What is a Stunt?
Stunts are activities in the forms of play that test one’s self on flexibility, agility,
balance, coordination, strength and endurance. Stunts can also be activities that
serve as conditioning exercises and can also be introductions to some gymnastic
skills and tumbling skills.
Types of Stunts
• Individual Stunts
- these are stunts performed by only one person.
• Dual Stunts
- these are stunts performed by two.
• Group Stunts
- these are stunts performed by three or more persons.
Stunts
1. Turk Stand- In cross sitting position; arms in front of the body clasping the
elbow, stand withoutbreaking the hand clasp and the leg cross. Do this several
times.
2. Rocking Chair- In tuck sitting position, roll on back until the buttocks are
up. Return to tuck sittingposition. Do this several times.
3. Prone Rocking- Grasp the ankles in rear with the hands, arch back, head
up. Rock forward andbackward.
4. Ankle Hold Walk- Hold the ankle with hands, legs relatively straight. Walk
forward.
5. Coffee Grinder- Form a side arm support, walk on feet to go around a
circle. Do this right and left.
6. Egg Roll or Tuck Roll Sideward- From a tuck lying position, roll sideward
without breaking the tuckposition.
7. Log Roll- From a supine lying position, hands clasped overhead, roll
sidewardright or left with the body, arms and legs relatively straight.
8. Human Ball- From a frog sitting position, hold the feet so that the arms are
between the knees. In tuckposition, roll on the right side continue on the back to
the left side and come up to your originalposition.
9. Jump to Full Turn (Jumping Jack)- From a half-knee bend, jump in air
then at the same time turn in airas the body is suspended. End facing the same
direction.
10. Dog Walk- In a four-base support, buttocks up, walk alternately right,
left with the hands and feet.
11. Lame Dog Walk- Place hands in front on the floor, buttocks up and
one leg extended in air. Moveboth hands forward, then hop supporting foot close
to the hands. Repeat themovement several times.
Ephesians 4:32
“Be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ
forgave you.”