ECOBRICKS WITH SHREDDED

PLASTIC BOTTLES AND GLASS WASTES

AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO REGULAR CONCRETE BRICKS

A Capstone Project Presented to the

Faculty of Senior High School Department
Lebak Legislated National High School
Poblacion III, Lebak, Sultan Kudarat

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements in the Strand
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS

REBITO, BRIAN VOYD

DIZEN, JOHN MARK
BERNARDINO, YRA LOUISSE
SANSANO, MAY- KYLLA
PAJARITO, MAICA
June 2022
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers wish to express their warmest gratitude and sincere

appreciation to the following for all their supports and assistance in the completion of
this research.

To Mr. Lexir Marc Bandilla as their research adviser for the comments,
suggestions and ideas that he contributed to the researchers which led to the success
of the study and for spending time and effort correcting some grammatical errors of
the research. Also, for encouraging and reminding them to do the research before the
deadline.

To their families, for their endless support, love and also for encouragement
that they have given for the researchers to pursue this research. For the group who
invested time, effort and patience despite of all the struggles that they are going
through for the success of this study.

Above all, the researchers would like to bring all the glory to the faithful and
loving one for wisdom, knowledge, love and blessings given by the Father God
Almighty.
 ABSTRACT

The overuse of sand and gravel and the increasing number of plastic and glass
wastes are harming our environment by generating pollution in land and in marine
life. Reducing plastic and glass wastes is essential for our environment by using it as
a material on creating an Ecobrick that could serve as an alternative to regular bricks.

The researchers used iteration process by conducting successive test to know

the hardness and the density of the Ecobrick. The following are the test conducted;
Dimension tolerance, color, structure, hardness, soundness, water absorption,
efflorescence and impact test.

The Ecobricks with shredded plastic and glass wastes can be used to build
structures such as pathways. Using these Ecobricks instead of regular concrete bricks
can have a significant impact on environmental preservation while also being cost
effective.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER I
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM
BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM 1
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 2
GOAL OF THE PROJECT 2
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 2
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION 3
DEFINITION OF TERMS 3
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
BRICKS IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 4
REDUCING PLASTOIC WASTE 4
REDUCING THE GLASS WASTES 5
CHAPTER III
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESEARCH DESIGN 6
DESIGN REQUIRMENTS 6
MATERIALS 6
EQUIPMENTS 8
PROCEDURE 10
TESTING PROCEDURES 11
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS 17
CHAPTER V
DISSCUSION 21
CONCLUSSION 21
RECOMMENDATION 22
REFERENCES 26
APPENDIXES 29
 ECOBRICKS 1

CHAPTER 1
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM

BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM

Sand and gravel are the most mined materials in the world with between 32
and 50 billion tons extracted globally each year. They are being extracted faster than
they can be replaced (Sciencedaily, 2021). In the study of Torres, Liu, Brandt and
Lear (2017), it is stated that the sand and gravel are the key ingredients in making
concrete, roads, [and bricks]. However, the overuse of sand and gravel made a
negative impact in environment. Once the sand and gravel aggregate deposit is found,
the first step in extracting the sand and gravel is to clear the surface of vegetation and
topsoil and dig a pit (Tern and Plover, 2022). Sand and gravel quarry sites are
threatening National Irrigation Administration (NIA) infrastructure projects. These
operate too close to irrigation facilities and structures, resulting in negative
consequences such as exposed foundations of said structures, scoured riverbanks, and
degraded river beds (NIA, 2021).
According to an article of Parker (2019) in National Geographic, plastic
pollution has become one of the most pressing environmental issues, as rapidly
increasing production of disposable plastic products overwhelms the world’s ability to
deal with them. Among the Asian and African countries including the Philippines,
plastic pollution is most visible due to inefficient or nonexistent garbage collection
systems. Naguran (2018) cited that DiGregoria (2018) stated that disposed plastic
materials can remain in the environment for up to 2000 years and longer.
Plastic wastes pose dangers for the environment, animals, and human health.
Plastic products do not decompose, biodegrade, nor compost. In landfills, plastics do
not eventually break down into smaller pieces by photodegradation. Plastic bottles,
for example, takes approximately 450 years to biodegrade. (“How long does it take
for plastic to decompose?”, 2020). In oceans, plastics photodegrade more quickly. In
landfills, floating on oceans, or rivers and on sidewalks. It was approximated that
46,000 pieces of plastic trash are floating on the ocean per square mile. These plastics
are killing animals, leaking chemicals such as dioxins, dichloride and other chemicals,
and disrupting ecosystems. Unfortunately, the argument of recycling can only do so
 ECOBRICKS 2

little for its case since only 12% out of the 35 billion bottles used in one year gets
recycled, indicating that only half of what you lace in a recycle bin actually gets
recycled (Gogreen, 2017). A report claims that the Philippines is one of the world’s
most offenders on marine plastic pollution, with 0.28 – 0.75 million tons per year of
plastic entering to oceans from coastal areas in Manila Bay. The country uses almost
60 billion sachets a year (GAIA, 2020).
Glass waste is another problem of our community because it accumulates
large quantities and is difficult to dispose (Advances in Construction and Demolition
Waste Recycling, 2020). Glasses are primarily in the form of containers such as beer
and soft drink bottles, wine and liquor bottles, and bottles and jars for food,
cosmetics, and other products (United States Environmental Protection agency, n.d.).
At home, discarded and unused glass bottles are usually stored in sacks or piled
somewhere in the backyard. If not disposed properly, broken glass bottles can cause
injuries.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Quarrying sand and gravel aggregates is destructive to the environment. It
leaves pits and heaps of waste materials and causes the degradation of rivers.
Improper disposal of plastic and glass wastes can pollute the environment, kill
animals, and result to several human health issues. Thus, creating Ecobricks with
plastic and glass waste can greatly reduce the use of sand and gravel.

GOAL OF THE PROJECT

This study aims to create an eco-friendly and cheaper brick that is composed
of 50 percent shredded plastic and glass waste to reduce the use of sand and gravel.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This project will be beneficial to the following:
• Environment. It will reduce the amount of plastic and glass wastes in the
environment and it will also lessen the excessive use of sand and gravel.
• Citizens of Lebak. They will have an access to a cheaper brick.
 ECOBRICKS 3

• Future researchers. The project’s result will support their study and they can
use this as their guide and inspiration on their own research project.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
In making Ecobricks, the researchers will use shredded plastic bottles, grinded
glass bottles, cement, and gravel. The researchers conducted their study at
Bernardino’s Residence in Masurot, Aurelio F. Freires Sr., Lebak, Sultan Kudarat
from March to May 2022.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Aggregate – a material or structure formed from a loosely compacted mass of
fragments or particles.
Eco–bricks – It is a brick made of plastic and glass waste mixed with cement and
gravel.
Glass Waste – a non-biodegradable material that does not decompose quickly and
can remain in the environment intact for hundreds of years.
Non–biodegradable – It is not capable of being broken down by the action of living
organisms.
Plastic waste – the accumulation of plastic objects.
Recycling – is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and
objects.
 ECOBRICKS 4

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

BRICKS IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Brick is a form of masonry block used to construct walls, pavements, and
other features. It is widely used as building material. According to “How to make
Concrete Bricks and blocks” (n.d.). In making regular bricks, you will require
cement, sand, gravel and water. Put the cement, sand, and gravel at a ratio of 1:2:3
and then start mixing it with water and stir continuously. Pour water until the
concrete mixture become pliable enough to pour in the mold. Keep the concrete
block into the mold for 24 hours for drying and then remove it from the mold and put
it in a water tank for curing.

REDUCING THE PLASTIC WASTES

Plastic wastes are the accumulation of plastic objects in the earth's environment
that harms wildlife habitat, and humans. According to a study published in the journal
"Environmental Science and Technology" (n.d.), each of us may consume between
39,000 and 74,000 microplastic particles per year. This pollution is primarily caused
by household wastes that are not properly [disposed and] recycled. They are dumped
in landfills or left in nature.
United Nations reported that at least 800 species worldwide are affected by
marine debris, and as much as 80 percent of that litter is plastic. Marine animals can
either get caught in plastic objects, ingest the plastic, or be exposed to plastic
chemicals, which can alter their physiology over time (Westminster City Council,
2022).
According to UN Environment, German researches warned that microplastics
in soils, sediments, and freshwater could have long-term negative effects on
ecosystems. UN Environment stated, "Earthworms, for example, make their burrows
differently when micro plastics are present in the soil, affecting the earthworm’s
fitness
And soil condition." If land animals consume the plastic, it can cause internal
blockages and be fatal to the animal (Wadhwa, 2019).
 ECOBRICKS 5

If plastics have an impact on animal health, they will inevitably have an

impact on human health as well. Ingesting micro plastic increases the likelihood of
chemical exposure and serious health problems. Human health would improve if
plastic waste was reduced. According to Marsh (2021), some benefits of plastic waste
reduction include fewer carbon dioxide emissions from plastic waste and use. As a
result, harmful carbon dioxide emissions that are warming the planet would be
reduced.

REDUCING THE GLASS WASTES

World Wide Fund (2020) stated that glass produced from recycled glass
wastes reduces related air pollution by 20 percent and related water pollution by 50
percent. Recycling glass wastes reduces the space in landfill that would otherwise be
taken up by these wastes.
According to “Crushed Glass – Miles Trucking” (n.d.) there are a variety uses
of recycled glass in construction, when crushed finely it can be used to replace the
sand, less finely it can replace the gravel. Using crushed glass has a reciprocal
savings in the fact that it cuts local waste disposal costs and crushed glass processing
is sometimes less expensive than gravel.
 ECOBRICKS 6

CHAPTER 3
MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESEARCH DESIGN
Engineering Design Process is a process that engineers follow to find a
solution to a problem. The process consists of problem solving, conceptualizing,
prototyping, testing and evaluating. This is a guide in making and developing their
products. Engineering Design Process is an iterative. That means in making their
product, they will test and redesign it over and over until they will find the best
solution. Engineers learn from failure and apply what they learned to their
redesigns.

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
The following are the requirements:
1. The Ecobrick is 8 inches in length, 3 inches in width, and 1.5 inches thick.
2. The Ecobrick is hard and dense.
3. The Ecobrick is unable to absorb more than 20% of water (based on its own
weight).
4. The Ecobrick has no alkali contents.
These are the things that should be conducted:

MATERIALS

Figure 1. Cement – 500g

 ECOBRICKS 7

Figure 2. Gravel – 500g

Figure 3. Glass waste – 500g

Figure 4. Plastic waste – 50g

 ECOBRICKS 8

Water – 250ml

EQUIPMENTS
• Trowel – This tool is used in applying the mixed materials into the molder.

Figure 6. Trowel

• Weighing scale – Used in weighing the exact weight of the materials.

 ECOBRICKS 9

Figure 7. Weighing scale

• Strainer – Used in separating large stones into fine gravel and large particles
of glass into fine glass.

Figure 8. Strainer

• Molder – Used in molding the materials into its fixed shape.

 ECOBRICKS 10

Figure 9. Molder
• Shredder – Used in shredding the glass bottles.

Figure 10. Shredder

• Scissors – Used in cutting plastic bottles into tiny particles.

Figure 11. Scissors

 ECOBRICKS 11

PROCEDURES
Making the eco-brick.
1. Collect plastic bottles and glass waste. Using the scissors, cut the plastic bottles
into tiny pieces. In grinding glass bottles, you can use the glass grinder machine.
2. Using weighing scale, weigh the cement, gravel, plastic and glass wastes.
4. Mix all the materials like cement, gravel, shredded plastic bottles and grinded
glass bottles.
5. Pour the exact amount of water into the mixed materials.
6. Mix all the materials well until it turns into a sticky texture.
7. Form its shape into the molder.
8. Let it sun- dried for 5 days.

Testing procedures
1. Dimension tolerance test

Brick dimensions are considered a crucial parameter that need to be considered

during the selection of bricks to be used in a construction. This ensures fitness of the
bricks with the design layout.
This test involves measuring a brick for its length, width and thickness. The
researchers selected five bricks and arranged them in a straight line for measurement.
The researchers used steel tape. According to the researchers a good brick should
measure 8 inches in length, 3 inches in width and 1.5 inches in thickness. A good
brick should also have a proper rectangular shape with sharp edges.

Figure 12. Dimension tolerance

 ECOBRICKS 12

Table 1 is the observation tool for this test. The brick is marked ‘passed’ if all
dimensions are met; the brick is marked ‘passed’ if at least one of the dimensions is
not met.

Brick sample Length Width Thickness Remarks

(in) (in) (in) (Passed/Not
passed)
1

Table 1. Observation tool for dimensions of five sample bricks for dimension
tolerance test.

2. Color test

This test involves the visual examination of bricks. The bricks should display
uniform gray color (#aeaeae) throughout the body of the brick.

Figure 13. Gray color Palette

(From left: #3a3a3a, #838383, #aeaeae, #c9c9c9, #e5e5e5)

Table 2 is the observation tool for this test. The brick is marked ‘Passed’ if
the color matches with #aeaeae shade of gray; the brick is marked ‘Not passed’ if the
color did not match with #aeaeae shade of gray.
 ECOBRICKS 13

Brick sample Color Remarks

(Passed/ Not passed)

Table 2. Observation tool for the five sample bricks for color test.

3. Structure test

This test involves breaking a brick to observe its inner portion for homogeneity
and presence of imperfections. The brick should have no flaws, holes or cracks inside
the broken brick. Otherwise, it is considered as poor quality brick

Table 3 is the observation tool for this test. The brick is marked ‘passed’ if no
holes nor cracks is observed inside the broken brick; the brick is marked ‘Not
passed’ if a hole or crack is observed.

Brick sample Observation Remarks

(Passed/ Not passed)

Table 3. Observation for five sample bricks for structure test.

 ECOBRICKS 14

4. Hardness test

The hardness of bricks implies the resistance of bricks to scratches. This test
involves scratching brick by a hard object with a sharp tool. The researchers used a
round bar for scratching. If the scratching does not leave behind any impression on
the brick, it is considered as a hard brick.

Table 4 is the observation tool for this test. The brick is marked ‘passed’ if no
impression is observed on the surface of the brick after scratching around bar; the
brick is marked ‘Not passed’ if an impression is observed.

Brick sample Observation Remarks

(Passed/ Not passed)

Table 4. observation tool for five sample bricks for hardness test.

5. Soundness test

A soundness test is carried out to determine the nature of bricks when

subjected to sudden impart. This test involves two bricks taken randomly and are
hardly punched with each other. If the bricks produce a clean metallic sound and
remain unbroken, then the bricks are good quality.

Table 5 is the observation tool for this test. The bricks are markes ‘passed’ if
a clear metallic ringing is produced after punching each other; the brick is marked
‘Not passed’ if no clear metallic ringing sound is produced.
 ECOBRICKS 15

Brick sample Sound Remarks (Passed/ not

passed)

1,2

3,4

5,6

Table 5. Observation tool for six sample bricks for soundness test.

6. Water absorption test

The absorption test is conducted to determine the moisture being absorbed by

the bricks when subjected to extreme conditions. This test is used as an indicator for
the durability properties of bricks. This test involves submerging fully brick for 24
hours. The weights of the bricks in dry condition (W1) and in wet condition (W2)
after submerging in water are recorded.

Brick sample W1 W2 Water Remarks

(Weight in (Weight in Absorption (Passed/Not
Dry Wet (%) Passed)
Condition) Condition)

Table 6. Observation Tool for Two Sample Bricks for Water Absorption Test

7. Efflorescence Test

The efflorescence test is carried out to determine the presence of alkaline

substance on bricks. This test involves submerging fully a brick in fresh water for 24
hours. After 24 hours, the bricks are collected from water and left to day. Then bricks
are closely observed to find any presence of alkaline. If a white or gray layer is
 ECOBRICKS 16

observed in the brick surface, then alkaline is present in the brick. A brick is
considered a good quality if no more than 10% of its surface has presence of alkaline.

Table 7 is the observation tool for this test. The brick is marked ‘Passed’ if
the alkaline presence is 10% or less; the brick is marked ‘Not passed’ if the alkaline
presence is more than 10%.

Brick sample Alkaline Presence Remarks

in the Surface (%) (Passed/ Not passed)

Table 7. Observation tool for two sample bricks for Efflorescence Test.

8. Impact test

This test involves dropping a brick from 1-meter height. If the brick is
broken, then it indicates low impact value and is not acceptable for construction
work. A good quality brick does not break at all.

Table 8 is the observation tool for this test. The brick is marked ‘Passed’
if the brick is not broken after a 1-meter fall; the brick is marked ‘Not passed’ if
the brick is broken after the fall.

Brick sample Observation Remark (Passed/Not

passed)

Table 8. Observation tool for three sample bricks for Impact test.
 ECOBRICKS 17

CHAPTER 4
RESULTS

This chapter presents the results of the dimension tolerant test, color test,
structure test, hardness test, soundness test, water absorption test, efflorescence test,
and impact test.

Figure 4.1 Five sample bricks

Figure 4.2 Five sample bricks

 ECOBRICKS 18

1. Dimension tolerance test

Brick sample Length Width Thickness Remark

(in) (Inj) (In) (passed/not

passed)

1 7.8 2.9 1.6 Passed

2 7.9 3.0 1.6 Passed

3 7.4 3.0 1.3 Not Passed

4 7.9 2.9 1.3 Not Passed

5 8.0 3.0 1.2 Not Passed

Table 9. Dimensions of the five sample bricks

Table 9 shows the dimensions of the five randomly selected Ecobricks. It

observed here that all of the bricks met the standard of 8 inches in length, and 3
inches in width. However, only the brick samples 1 and 2 met the standard of 1.5
inches in thickness.

2. Color test

Brick sample Color Remarks (Passed/ not

passed)

1 #aeaeae Passed

2 #aeaeae Passed

3 #aeaeae Passed

4 #aeaeae Passed

5 #aeaeae Passed
 ECOBRICKS 19

Table 10. Colors of the five sample bricks

Table 10 shows the colors observable in the surface of the five randomly
selected Ecobricks. It can be observed that all of the bricks are gray (#aeaeae).

3. Structure test

Brick sample Observation Remarks (Passed/ not

passed)

6 With holes or cracks Not passed

7 Without flaws, holes or Passed

cracks

8 Without flaws, holes or Passed

cracks

Table 11. Structure of the three sample bricks

Table 11 shows the interior of the three randomly selected broken Ecobricks.
Only brick samples 2 and 3 show no imperfections inside.

Figure 4.3 Structure test sample 1 Figure 4.4 Structure test sample 2
 ECOBRICKS 20

Figure 4.5 Structure test sample 3

4. Hardness test

Brick sample Observation Remark (Passed/Not

passed)

6 With impression Not passed

7 With impression Not passed

With impression Not passed

Table 12. Hardness of the three sample bricks

Table 12 shows the result of scratching the surface of the three randomly
selected Ecobricks. All of the Ecobricks did not pass the test.
 ECOBRICKS 21

Figure 4.6 Hardness test sample 1

Figure 4.7 Hardness test sample 2

Figure 4.8 Hardness test sample 3

5. Soundness test

Brick sample Sound Remarks (Passed/ not

passed)

6, 7 Clear metallic and Passed

remain unbroken

7, 8 Clear metallic and Passed

remain unbroken

6, 8 Clear metallic and Passed

remain unbroken

Table 13. Soundness of the six sample bricks

 ECOBRICKS 22

Table 13 shows the result of punching each other the six randomly selected
Ecobricks. All of the sample bricks remained unbroken and produced a clear metallic
ringing sound.

6. Water absorption test

Brick sample W1 (Weight W2 (Weight Water Remarks

in Dry in Wet Absorption (Passed/Not
Condition) Condition) (%) Passed)

9 1.2kg 1.3kg 8% Passed

10 1.2kg 1.3kg 8% Passed

Table 14. Water tolerance of the two sample bricks

Table 14 shows the weights of two randomly selected Ecobricks in dry and
wet conditions. Also, the table shows the percentage of water absorbed by the
Ecobricks after submerging in water for 24 hours. It can be observed that all of the
sample bricks met the standard by absorbing only 8% of its original weight.

7. Efflorescence Test

Brick sample Alkaline presence in the Remark (Passed/ Not

surface (%) passed)

9 50% Not passed

10 60% Not passed

Table 15. Alkaline tolerance of two sample bricks

Table 15 shows the amount of alkaline presence in the surface of the two
randomly selected Ecobricks after drying the bricks submerged in freshwater for 24
hours. The sample bricks failed the efflorescence test – more than 10% of the brick’s
surface has alkali substance.

8. Impact test
 ECOBRICKS 23

Brick sample Observation Remark (Passed/Not

passed)

6 Broken Not passed

7 With crack Passed

8 With crack Passed

Table 16. Hardness of the 3 sample bricks

Table 16 shows the result of dropping the three randonmly selected Ecobricks
from a 1-meter drop. The brick samples 2 and 3 remained unbroken after the fall, but
cracks were observed on the surface of the Ecobricks.

Figure 4.9 Impact test sample 1

Figure 4.10 Impact test sample 2

Figure 4.11 Impact test sample 3

 ECOBRICKS 24

CHAPTER 5

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

DISCUSSION

The primary purpose of this study is to create an Ecobrick with shredded

glass and plastic wastes as alternative to regular bricks. Findings have shown that
there are design requirements that have been met and there are also the researchers
failed to achieve.

The Ecobricks passed all the test conducted on the color, soundness and water
absorption test. The dimension of the bricks are inconsistent and test results shows
that half of them did not meet the standard dimension that is set on its design
requirements. The main reason was, different molders (wooden and metal) have been
used in every trial and there is also a tendency that during the drying process, the
Ecobrick is compressing and that is affecting the size of its length, width and
specially its thickness. The researchers cannot also deny that there are also human
errors that have occured during the procedures of creating the Ecobrick.

However, on the structure test one sample did not pass the test because flaws,
holes and cracks are observed. On the hardness test, all of the sample bricks did not
pass the test because the bricks surface is rough and impressions are observed. On
the efflorescence test, all of the sample bricks did not pass and 50-60% of alkaline
presence is found, because the water used in creating bricks is reused water (rain
water and laundry water). On the impact test one out of three samples did not pass
the test because the brick did not dry enough.

CONCLUSSION

The researchers were able to achieve the goals that have been set for the
project. They have managed to produce an eco-friendly and cheaper brick that is
 ECOBRICKS 25

composed of 50 percent shredded plastic and glass waste to reduce the use of sand
and gravel.

The researchers also accomplished reducing the excessive use of sand and
gravel by recycling glass and plastic wastes and using it as an alternative to sand and
gravel that should be used in making the Ecobricks. The researchers were also able to
achieve lessening the pollution on land and marine life that plastic and glass wastes
can cause.

RECOMMENDATION

The result of this study has shown that there are some requirements that the
Ecobrick haven’t met. The researchers are well aware that the Ecobricks they created
will still require time to develop.

The researchers recommend to try other mixtures by increasing the amount of

cement to create harder and denser bricks and to follow any international standard.

The researchers advice future researchers to use fresh water in creating

Ecobricks and letting it dry longer will make a denser brick. It is also advised to
conduct comprehensive strength test to ensure the strength of the Ecobrick. The
current researchers have not conducted the test because the tensile strength machine
is not available.
 ECOBRICKS 26

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waste/amp/&ved=2ahUKEwiA6ZjM98f3AhWPmVYBHV1eCscQFnoECAYQAQ&
usg=AOvVaw1lS8tEreMUYXy6ile_RmmO

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2019.https://blog.repurpose.global
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obal/what-is-the-effect-of-plastic-in-forests-and-
wildlife/&ved=2ahUKEwiYncqQ88n3AhWDy4sBHTlvB6gQFnoECDMQAQ&usg
=AOvVaw16nOTQJONQHmx3LY9JLvGo
 ECOBRICKS 28

Erram, M., & Francisco, G. (2018, September 9). FROM GLASS SHARDS TO
BRICKS. Cebu Daily News. Retrieved April 21, 2022, from https://cebudailynews-
inquirer-net.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/cebudailynews.inquirer.net/193115/glass-shards-
bricks/amp?amp_gsa=1&_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQKKAFQArABIIACAw%3D%3
D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16504376755782&referrer=https%3A%2F%
2Fwww.google.com&share=https%3A%2F%2Fcebudailynews.inquirer.net%2F1931
15%2Fglass-shards-bricks
 ECOBRICKS 29

APPENDIXES

Figure 5.1 Soundness test

Figure 5.2 Creating Ecobricks

 ECOBRICKS 30

Figure 5.3 Impact test

Figure 5.4 Hardness test

 ECOBRICKS 31

Figure 5.5 Mixing materials

Figure 5.6 Final product