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ENGLISH
Quarter 1- Module 1:
Identifying Types of Analogy

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Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region
English – Grade 7
Quarter 1- Module 1 – Identifying Types of Analogy
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist
in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of
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among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission
to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher
and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Regional

Director: Benjamin Paragas, CESO V Assistant
Regional Director: Atty. Suzette G. Medina Chief,
CLMD: Mariflor B. Musa

Development Team of the Module

Author: Elenor M. Malimata

Editors: Mae Laarni M. Saporna, Marites S. Sena
Reviewers: SDO Marinduque LR Team
Illustrators: Lino O. Muhi, Arlene J. Briones
Layout Artist: Joseph Arnold L. Almonte
Management Team: Edna C. Oabel, Lany M. Semilla, Jelly L. Sore
Mariam B. Rivamonte

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region

Office Address: Meralco Ave. corner St. Paul Road Pasig City
Telefax: (02) 631-4070; 637-3093, 637-3139; 637-2897*; 637-3446
E-mail Address: mimaropa.region@deped.gov.ph

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Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) focuses on identifying types of analogy
(synonym/antonym, part of the whole, characteristic/quality, classification,
cause/effect) as a prerequisite skill in supplying other words or expressions
to complete an analogy as one of the Most Essential Learning Competencies
(MELCs) in Grade 7 English. This learning material was patterned on Bloom’s
Taxonomy Instructional Design wherein learning activities were aligned with
the identified objectives and were sequenced according to their level of
difficulty considering the learner’s needs, interest and abilities.
You are requested to ensure that the learner clearly understands the
lesson or concepts discussed in the module. You are also expected to guide
him/her in answering the activities or accomplishing the different learning
tasks thereby enabling him/her to master the competency.

For the learner:

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is especially made to enhance your
attitude, knowledge and skills vis-à-vis the identified learning competency.
Through this module, you will engage in fun and interesting learning activities
and answer varied exercises and tasks to help you gain mastery of the target
competency which will enable you to effectively use the English language in
listening, speaking, reading and writing. Those learning activities are
appropriately selected and carefully crafted according to your needs,
interests, and abilities.

To successfully achieve the objectives of this module, kindly do the following:

• Read and follow the instructions in all the learning activities and
exercises very carefully;
• Be honest in answering all the learning activities and exercises;
• Write your answers neatly and legibly in your subject notebook or
on a separate sheet of paper; and

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 • Seek guidance from your parents, guardians, Knowledge Source or
subject teacher if you encounter difficulty in accomplishing the
learning activities.

This learning module package consists of a series of activities. It features

the following important parts:

• What I Need To Know. This part tells what are expected of the learner

and clearly explains what competencies, knowledge, skills and attitude

he/she must have learned at the end of the learning sessions.

• What I Know. This part assesses the learner’s understanding of the

past lesson.

• What’s In. This part introduces the new lesson, serves as the

springboard or opener for discussion and series of activities. It also

engages the learner’s interest and leads the learners towards the

performance of the tasks.

• What’s New. This part discusses the key concepts of the lesson at

hand.

• What Is It. This part presents an initial activity about the new skill.

• What’s More. This contains series of activities – drills, experiences and

activities which provide enough practice for the learners so that they

can perform the skills automatically.

• What I Have Learned. This states the important concept learned from

the series of activities.

• What I Can Do. This part encourages the learner to work independently

for further application of knowledge and skills.

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 • What I Can Do On My Own. This serves as the highlight of the series

of activities where the learners measure his level of mastery of the skill

upon completion of the tasks.

• What I Can Do More. This provides additional exercises for mastery of

the competency.

• Answer Key. This section provides answer keys for the series of

activities.

• References. These include list of resources used in the making of this

module and that the learners may refer to for further reading.

Working on each learning activity in this module will surely enable you to
learn certain aspects of the target language in an enjoyable and meaningful
way. So take good care of this module and have fun while learning!

Please do not write anything on this module as this will be used by other
learners like you. Use either your paper or test notebook to answer the
different activities.

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 What I Need to Know

This module is designed based on your need and level of understanding. It

basically aims to guide you in identifying types of analogy.

This module focuses on the following learning competency:

Identify types of analogy

• synonym/antonym
• part of the whole
• characteristic/quality
• classification
• cause/effect

After going through this module, you are expected to:

- Identify different types of analogy

What I Know
This part tries to activate your prior knowledge of the topic. It reviews the
concept of an analogy.

Directions: Complete the following concept map by giving words or phrases that
are connected with the word ANALOGY.

Analogy

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 Lesson Identifying Types of Analogy

English as your second language requires wide range of vocabulary in

order to understand different text materials. It will also help you to use the
language effectively and proficiently. As you go through this lesson, you will
learn comparing word pairs that are related in the same way.

It is very important that you read the questions comprehensibly to give

precise answers to the given activities.

What’s In

Do you enjoy guessing the answer to a riddle? What riddles do you

know?
A riddle is a puzzle or a question framed in order to discover its
meaning and its answer.

Here are some riddles. Read each riddle very carefully and guess the
right answer by arranging the jumbled letters.

1. I wake you up every morning

with my horny cockcrow
to welcome the sun which is bright
as to God who is might.
Who am I?
STOEROR

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2. Big is to huge as small is to tiny
just like me who is afraid of Kitty
that when I pass by, you scream OMG!
Who am I?
USEOM

Process Questions:
- By arranging the scrambled letters, what is the answer for number
1? for number 2?

- What do you notice with the group of underlined words in each

riddle?

- What two words are compared in each group of underlined words?

- In number 1, what word is described by bright? What word is

described by might?

- What type of analogy is illustrated in the underlined part of the first

riddle?

- In number 2, how are the words big – huge, small – tiny related?

- What type of analogy gives similar meaning of the words in the pair?

What’s New
Analogy Defined

A word analogy is a comparison of the features or qualities of two different

things to show their similarities. Analogy helps improve your vocabulary
as you learn a new word by determining the relationships between them.

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 The purpose of an analogy is not merely to show a comparison but also to
explain the relationship between the words in pairs.
Here are two ways on how word analogies are written:
1. By using punctuation marks
Example: loose: tight :: strict : lenient
The colon (:) stands for the phrase “is related to”. The double colon (::)
between the two pairs of words stands for the phrase “in the same way
that”. Here is how to read the complete analogy:
Loose is related to tight in the same way as strict is related to lenient.

2. By using a phrase
Example: Gold is to shiny as party is to happy.
A properly constructed analogy then tells that the relationship between
the first pair of words is the same as the relationship between the
second pair of words.

The table below shows different types of analogy relationships with their
descriptions and examples:

Types/Categories Description Examples

Synonym Pairs that show a a) smart : intelligent :: industrious
similar : hardworking
relationship or b) thin : slim :: brave : courageous
have the same The second word in the pair is a
meaning synonym of the first word.
Antonym Pairs that show a) inside : outside :: black : white
an opposite b) lazy : industrious :: tidy : messy
relationship The second word in the pair shows
opposite meaning of the first word.
Part to Whole Pairs that show a) finger : hand : : bark : tree
the first word is b) pedal : bike :: leaf : branch
part of the second In these pairs, finger is part of a
word hand just as bark is part of a tree.

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 Pedal is part of a bike as leaf is
part of a branch.
Characteristic/Quality The second word a) ice : cold :: sun : bright
in the pair of b) ant : small :: elephant : big The
words describes second word in the pairs describes
the first word. or characterizes the first word.

Classification This analogy a) jump : action word :: cat :

gives the naming word
classification or b) rabbit : herbivore :: lion :
category of the carnivore
word in the pair. Jump is classified as action word
just as cat is a naming word.
Rabbit is a kind of herbivore as lion
is a carnivore.
Cause and Effect The cause gives a) thirsty : drink :: hungry : eat
the reason why b) rain : flood :: tired : rest
something To drink is the result of being
happened (effect). thirsty; to eat is the result of being
hungry. Flood occurs after the rain
just like when a man feels tired he
will take a rest.

What Is It

ACTIVITY 1 – Who Am I?

Directions: Identify the type of analogy that is described in each

number. Choose your answer from the list.

1. An analogy which gives the reason and result

2. The pair of words that show opposite meanings

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3. The pair of words show similar meaning of words

4. An analogy that categorizes the pair of words

5. An analogy that describes the other word in the pair

antonym synonym characteristic

cause and effect classification

ACTIVITY 2 – Pair It Up!

Directions: Match the pair of words in Column A with the type of
analogy in Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer.

Column A Column B

1. Narrow is to wide as rooster is hen. A. synonym

2. Bird is to feather as horn is to goat. B. antonym

3. Day is to night as bright is to dark. C. classification

4. Huge is to gigantic as high is to tall. D. characteristic

5. Cow is to ranch as crop is to farm. E. part to whole

What’s More
ACTIVITY 3 – Guess Who’s My Type
Directions: Analyze the following pair of words then identify the type of
relationship it conveys. Write only the letter of the correct answer on
your notebook.

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1. smart : intelligent :: careful : 6. quiet : noisy :: fast : slow
prudent A. antonym
A. antonym B. characteristic
B. characteristic C. classification
C. classification D. part to whole
D. synonym
7. poverty : wealth :: sickness : health
2. wheel : car :: sole : shoe A. antonym
A. antonym B. characteristic
B. cause and effect C. classification
C. part to whole D. synonym
D. quality
8. battery : flashlight :: hard drive:
3. kind : cruel :: brave : coward computer
A. antonym A. cause and effect
B. characteristic B. characteristic
C. classification C. part to whole
D. part to whole D. synonym

4. bass drum : percussion :: guitar :

string
A. cause and effect 9. ice : solid :: fire : hot
B. characteristic A. antonym
C. classification B. characteristic
D. part to whole C. classification
D. synonym
5. tornado : destruction :: thirsty :
drink
A. cause and effect 10. silk : smooth :: cotton : soft
B. characteristic A. cause and effect
C. part to whole B. characteristic
D. synonym C. part to whole
D. synonym

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 What I Have Learned

An analogy is something that shows how two things are alike. It

helps the student to learn new words by determining the relationship
between them. There are two ways on how to write an analogy. First
is by using punctuation marks (eg. loose: tight :: strict
: lenient; tomato : fruit :: oregano : herb). Second is by using phrase
(e.g. gold is to shiny as party is to happy).

An analogy comes in different types. They are synonym,

antonym, characteristic or quality, classification, part to whole
and cause and effect.

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 What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 4 - Whiz-dom Harvest

Directions: On each line after the pair of words, write the letter or letters
that describe the type of relationship the words have to each other.
Choose from the following types:

B. Part to
A. Whole
Classification

C.
F. Cause Antonym
and Effect
E.
Characteristic/ D. Synonym
Quality

Then select the letter of the pair of words that has the same relationship as the
capitalized words. The first one is done for you.
1. TIRED : SLEEP :: 4. SCALES : FISH ::
A. joyful : cheerful D A. blunt : sharp
B. old : young C B. pages : book
C. science : botany A C. elephant : big
D. spin : dizzy F D. perfect : flawless

2. SHY : TIMID :: 5. AVOCADO : FRUIT ::

A. clear : bright A. stop : go
B. book : dictionary B. lunch : meal
C. green : color C. hint : clue
D. month : year D. grass : green

3. ROAD : ROCKY :: 6. POVERTY :

A. show : reveal MALNOURISHMENT ::
B. leaf : plant A. ask : inquire
C. soup : hot B. little : big
D. add : subtract C. spoke : wheel

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D. jump : elevate
9. FEATHERS : BIRD ::
7. PROUD : ARROGANT :: A. early : late
A. prudent : reckless B. strap : slippers
B. Cinderella : fairytale C. desert : dry
C. ant : insect D. virus : cold
D. finger : hand
10. RAINY : SEASON ::
8. MOUNTAIN : STEEP :: A. laugh : cry
A. hide : conceal B. aunt : relative
B. fire : burn C. small : tiny
C. spring : flexible D. carelessness : errors
D. adore : hate

What I Can Do On My Own

A. Directions: Read the following items carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer then write it on your notebook.
1. What kind of analogy describes its pair?
A. antonym
B. synonym
C. classification
D. characteristic
2. What kind of analogy shows similar meaning of words in the pair?
A. antonym
B. synonym
C. part to whole
D. cause and effect
3. What type of analogy shows that the first word in the pair is part of the
second word?
A. classification
B. characteristic
C. part to whole
D. cause and effect

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4. What type of analogy is expressed in the following example: hard : difficult ::
small : little?
A. antonym
B. synonym
C. part to whole
D. cause and effect
5. What type of analogy is expressed in the following example: pedal : bike::
petal : flower
A. synonym
B. characteristic
C. classification
D. part to whole

B. Directions: Identify the kind of analogy each item conveys. Choose your
answer from the list.

1. trunk : tree :: flower : plant 6. lizard : reptile :: carabao :

mammal

2. diligent : industrious :: joyful : cheerful 7. fireplace : bricks :: car : wheel

3. sweet : bitter :: sharp : dull 8. high : steep :: expensive : costly

4. honesty : trust :: death : lamentation 9. road : slippery :: pillow : lumpy

5. wood : hard :: cotton : soft 10. many : few :: wealthy : needy

synonym/antonym part of the whole

characteristic/quality classification

cause/effect

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 What I Can Do More

ACTIVITY 5 – Analogy on Pictures

Directions: Draw sets of pictures that form an analogy then tell its type.
Use coloring materials to make them attractive and presentable. Be guided
by the following criteria. Do it on your notebook.

Criteria Point Score

Content 10

Creativity 10

Color 5

Neatness 5

TOTAL 30

Examples:

Thin is to fat.

Short is to long.

Type of Analogy: ANTONYM

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 Answer Key

WHAT I KNOW

WHAT I CAN DO
Activity 4 – Whiz-dom Harvest
1. A. (a. D, b. C, c. A, d. F)
2. A. (a. D, b. A, c. A, d. B)
What’s In 3. C. (a. D, b. B, c. E, d. C)
Process Questions 4. B. (a. C, b. B, c. E, d. D)
1. rooster/mouse 5. B. (a. C, b. A, c. D, d. E)
2. There is comparison. 6. D. (a. D, b. C, c. B, d. F)
3. Sun – God/big – small 7. A. (a. D, b. A, c. A, d. B)
4. sun/God 8. C. (a. D, b. F, c. E, d. C)
5. characteristic or quality 9. B. (a. C, b. B, c. E, d. F)
6. the second word is a synonym of the 10. B. (a. C, b. A, c. D, d. F)
first word
7. synonym What I Can Do On My Own
A. 1. D
WHAT IS IT 2. B
Activity 1 – Who Am I? 3. C
1. cause and effect 4. B
2. antonym 5. D
3. synonym B. 1. part of the whole
4. classification 2. synonym
5. characteristic 3. antonym
4. cause/effect
Activity 2 – Pair It Up 5. characteristic
1. B 6. classification
2. E 7. part of the whole
3. D 8. synonym
4. A 9. characteristic
5. C 10. antonym

WHAT’S MORE WHAT I CAN DO MORE

Activity 3 – Guess Who’s My Type Activity 5 – Analogy on Pictures
1. D 6. A Answers may vary
2. C 7. A
3. A 8. C
4. C 9. B
5. A 10. B

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References

Phelps, H. (20 16). Analogies Another way to show relationships in

writing!!! Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/8822336/

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education, MIMAROPA Region – (CLMD)

Meralco Avenue, corner St. Paul Road, Pasig City

Telephone Nos.: (02) 631-40-70; (02) 637-3093

Email Address: mimaropa.region@deped.gov.ph

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