Running head: BIG DATA; BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES 1

Will Big Data be Able to Answer All Our Questions?

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Table of Contents

Abstract............................................................................................................................................3
Will Big Data be able to answer all our questions?.........................................................................4
Big data and Advanced Algorithms.............................................................................................5
Benefits of using big data.............................................................................................................6
What are the Challenges in using big data?.................................................................................7
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................9
References.....................................................................................................................................11
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Abstract

The phrase "big data" is not widely embraced. Many claimed that anytime we had more

accessibility than we could quickly evaluate with present technologies, we always had huge data.

In the 1940s, it was quite difficult to do a single multiple regression, because of the

multiplication of the matrix and reverse for even a modest issue. Big data may thus be

considered as any data collection that pushes the limitations of presently available technology.

What can big data do? Most people think of data mining, a word omnipresent in the literature.

Since big data is currently a hot topic among researchers that is why the current study presents an

overview of big data and analyses the problems and possibilities associated with it. We handle

wide-ranging problems relating to big data and/or big data mining and highlight possibilities and

research subjects in the correct way. We think that our work will assist to reorganize the field of

today's data mining technologies to solve the major difficulties that come with the big data

future.
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Will Big Data be able to answer all our questions?

Consider all the big concerns facing society now. They span from hunger and healthcare

to national security and law enforcement to policy and trade. They have one common factor: they

are all underlying human behaviors. Big data is delivering a scientific and technological

revolution. But when technology interacts with people's choices, it will bring a revolution much

deeper. In turn, this will revolutionize the order of our cities and our lives. Social science

including economics, sociology, behavioral and political science must be revolutionized

completely.

Today we have some sources from which we have the data such as mobile phone

technology, the internet, and face-to-face interview. Since the sample set changes the

interpretation of the data, especially in the case of social sciences because it is directly related to

human behavior. Previously the approaches that we have used for the analysis in social sciences

are policy questions and their implication. Like so many mots, “big data” is a nebulous phrase

that individuals with something to sell typically toss about. Some emphasize the sheer magnitude

of the existing data sets, for instance, computers of the Large Hadron Collider store 15 petabytes

every year of information, equal to nearly 15,000 years of favorite music. But the "big data"

which fascinates many firms is what we may term "discovered data," the digital exhaustion of

online research, the payment for credit cards, and mobile phones. Google Flu Trends was

developed on data discovered, and here, the study is interested in this kind of data. Such datasets

may be much larger than LHC data Facebook data is but just as remarkable is that they are

inexpensive to obtain compared to their size, it is a chaotic collection of data points that have

been acquired for different reasons and may be updated in real-time (Harford, 2014). As we have

gone into the internet and the internet, our communication, our leisure and commerce, our
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automobiles, even our glasses have migrated, the lives may be documented and quantified in a

manner that it would have been difficult to envision a decade ago.

Big data and Advanced Algorithms

The expansion of data analytics and lately artificial intelligence applications is dependent

mainly on the increased capacity of enterprises, sometimes known as "virtualization," to reflect

the real-world defilement (Dodgson, Gann, & Phillips, 2013). Sensors of many types have grown

inexpensive and omnipresent. Mobile telephone and web-based services generate in business and

service real-time recordings of customer and user behavior. Within enterprises, instructions that

systems provide suggest all responsibilities, conduct, outputs, and interactions of employees. Big

data will be allowed improvements for administrative design as technology solutions are getting

more sophisticated and, perhaps most crucially, significantly more inexpensive for the analysis

of enormous streams of real-time data. Big data and analytics are already extensively employed,

but they also provide new kinds of the organization (Garud, Kumaraswamy, & Sambamurthy,

2006). Algorithms are the main part of the most important firms in the world like Amazon,

Facebook, Google, Netflix, and Uber. As we can see from history that information systems have

a significant impact on the research and the condition of an organization (Huber, 1990). Most of

the researchers have investigated, for instance, how algorithms and big data integrate into current

organizational structures and the new roles they produce (Davenport & Harris, 2007). Several

kinds of research are based on data analysis in the form of a textbook. But big data and smart

algorithms still a continuing source of advances (Gerry & Lin, 2017). (Chen, Chiang, & Storey,

2012), offer an analytical difference between optimizing-oriented systems and open-ended

systems to make sense of these advances. While there are several more complicated

categorizations. This difference helps us to understand how large data and intelligent algorithms
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are produced. At the time this article was written, almost all big data applications focused on

optimizing. Numerical or textual data are evaluated to monitor operations so that predefined

outputs, such as cost or income, are minimized or maximized. These systems analyze vast

volumes of data, frequently in real-time, to decide more effectively (based on certain pre-defined

criteria) or more time-consumingly than people.

Benefits of using big data

Our capacity to simulate the behavior of human beings will bring about a great

transformation to society. Researchers of social sciences are progressively equipped to use a

systematic method to be studying the social implications of technology. Behavioral forms,

behavioral fluctuations, will be more detectable in large data. Complicated relations among the

physical world and humankind are the major problems energy safety and accessibility, the

maintainable environment, and human health. The two are connected through dynamic and

networked systems. Big data will allow us to comprehend these linkages and model them.

Assume we all know almost every feature of a city are all aware of the status of its infrastructure,

its residents and its environment, and of the high determinations in time and interplanetary. Now

we can merge physical data streams with socio-economic data: the information is transformed

and suggests where the people were going, which trend they are going to follow from their sales

and transactions, tweets and social networks also indicate that how they think about them, and

tell us how these sensations change, minute by minute, when a few drops of rainfall or the sun

comes out. Assume almost all movements and actions inside the town's infrastructure and

systems have produced another date. Consider the current or potential data streams, the speeds at

which those data streams flow, the technology and abilities needed to capture, save, and analyze

the huge data. Think also of the theories and models that social scientist can build and test, of
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the difficulties which systems operators and policymakers can solve if they have access to those

models and applications. The promise of big data is within. A metropolis like that could get up

and running. New technologies allow grasping in unprecedented depth and breadth what is

happening in cities. The additional data will lead to a better knowledge of the functioning of the

city and new opportunities for infrastructure improvement. Furthermore, such information offers

a great opportunity to research broader societal issues such as crime, entertainment trends, or

energy use. The big socio-economic techno beehive which is a metropolis is now interpretable.

What are the Challenges in using big data?

In addition to its advantages, Big Data offers obstacles. In many respects, big data is a

bad word. As Lev Manovich (2011) argues, research has employed data sets that are huge

enough to need supercomputers, but today what used to be needed such machines can be

evaluated with normal software on desktop computers. There is no question that the amount of

data already accessible is frequently rather big, but it is not the distinguishing feature of this new

data ecosystem. In truth, certain information included in Big Data (e.g., all Twitter conversations

on a certain subject) is not nearly as huge as previously unused data sets (e.g., census data).

Enormous data is less about big data than about massive data sets for searching, aggregating, and

cross-reference. The quantity of data is continually increasing; the usage of sensors and new

technologies generates new data and worries about privacy and access are increasing. While

extensive data availability is a characteristic of democracies, accessibility may alter when more

public sector groups start the collection and analyzing data. Without developing standards,

contracts, and data sharing organizations, access to data might be jeopardized and data may not

be used. The financial and trade industries already get value from the data. Since social sciences

address human behavior so it faces more difficulties to acetract the results from the data, and
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individuals are sluggish to change it took 40 years in the United States to cut smokers by half and

30 years to dramatically increase the usage of the seatbelt. (These timeframes may shorten:

mobile phones have taken just 2 decades to reach over 85% of the world's population, and have

become the fastest-start technology in the world and have transformed practically all their users'

behavior.)  Our suburbs and cities and our lifestyles such as relieving congestion, lowering

obesity, and enhancing the quality of life for the aging population may be linked to many of our

present difficulties. Furthermore, economic factors impact mobility and change opportunities.

Obtaining and interpreting ever large volumes of data will need new architectures and

computational statistical theories and applications to guide decision-making. The detection of

data patterns and the creation of speedy and unambiguous outputs will become more complex, as

the data quantity increases. The job of statisticians will be even more crucial, as classic statistical

procedures are supplanted with ever more advanced statistical computing methodologies.

Analysts must offer infrastructural and cognitive management that allows large data to be used to

solve social issues. Data is now acquired from the Federal Statistical System and utilized in silo-

type processes, with one kind of data and one data analytics that deal with one issue. However,

vides, devices, satellite broadcasting imaging, electronic signals, and conventional statistical and

sociological data, which is unlikely to be completely used in any silo, are the most effective data

to provide a clear picture of society. Since few statisticians have the ability to analyses this broad

range of data, a "decathlete analyst" (human, machine, or human machine-assisted) is required to

process many inputs into a unit without problems. The days of an analyst are passed for each sort

of data. What are the following steps? Many cities take advantage of chances to provide data to

everyone and to use such data to construct more intelligent cities. New York, Chicago, and

Seattle, for example, have made their growing amounts of data open to the public. They aim to
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stimulate their utilization in new ways to optimize urban living. This information may also be

utilized to provide cities with insights into how incidents happen, to be proactive, and to enhance

operations concerning public safety, health service and energy use, and traffic optimization.

Conclusion

The current essay was conducted to analyze that whether big data answer all the question.

Most of the demands are to build data sources and reporting standards and to encourage

partnerships and activities to meet the big data issue. We must start taking these actions before

important models are set which might limit our capacity to alter or adopt optimum policies and

processes. We should now take action to realize the full potential of the data-rich intelligent city.

Big data and algorithms are transforming the organization of the business. New rapidly

developing businesses have created algorithm management to supervise staff and subcontractors

and to create code, if not speech, for Scientific Management 2.0. While previous information

systems have generated unexpected clearness in numerical data and results, new intelligent

algorithms are enhancing the computer's increased transparency concerning workers' knowledge,

attention, and feelings. The amount of digital data in real-time has drastically expanded, leading

inexorably to enhanced, essential obligations of corporate activity and knowledge. As

information and knowledge are key power sources, the data will be utilized to optimize and

reconfigure what businesses are doing and how. In the next several decades, 'management

digitalization' will increase. Advanced algorithms and the capacity to handle vast amounts of

data in real-time allow firms to create 'routine intelligence' for their operations, changing current

organizational structure parts. The organizational structures and procedures will be enhanced by

optimized and open information systems, which will result in new roles and most likely

extensive social changes. We will probably witness changes in entrenched workplace standards.
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These changes indicate a variety of prospective study areas in addition to evident issues about

changing features of organizational design. First, we need a deeper theoretical knowledge of

smart big data system's rigidity and flexibility (Kane & Alavi, 2007). Are companies that employ

optimization-oriented information systems more rigid and operationally focused? If so, how may

such developments be avoided or mitigated? How can companies adapt algorithms or other

components of organizational architecture? What are Big Data Systems going to open up to

support exploration? Can they also encourage exploitative innovation? Qualitative research is

best served by these questions at this moment. Given the predominant role of organization and

social practices in the use of technology, the same software solutions are worth considering in

many organizational environments to understand and to understand how systems and structural

design elements produce the results achieved in the organization. Secondly, we must grasp how

management digitalization might change the standards and culture of professional knowledge.

Does the improved technological capacity to gather, analyses and synthesize data contribute to a

decreasing gap inside organizations between the public and private sectors (Brin, 1998)? Single

information and knowledge of the secrets of other workers are important sources of influence in

most companies. Can business also force openness at the highest level? How can a business

prevent openness from becoming poisonous politics? Do successful organizations want to

implement standards of extreme equality and tolerance where attempts are deemed illegal and

condemned to use the information on the expertise, views, and efforts of colleagues for private or

political games alone? Are firms more effective when openness extends to top echelon work and

activity? Any modification of labor standards is likely to take place at the institutional level, with

enterprises in specialized sectors taking similar measures.

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References

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Harvard Business School Press.
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foolishness: The case of virtual worlds at IBM. Organization Science, 1358–1376.
Garud, R., Kumaraswamy, A., & Sambamurthy, V. (2006). Emergent by design: Performance
and transformation at Infosys technologies. . Organization Science, 277–286.
Gerry, G., & Lin, Y. (2017). Analytics and innovation. . Organization and Management.
Harford, T. (2014). Big data: are we making a big mistake? Financial Times, 14-19.
Huber, G. P. (1990). A theory of the effects of advanced information technologies on
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