Results

Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Model fit

Chi-square test

Model Χ² df p

Baseline model 337.432 120

Factor model 243.254 104 < .001

Additional fit measures

Fit indices

Index Value

Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.360

Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) 0.261
Bentler-Bonett Non-normed Fit Index (NNFI) 0.261
Bentler-Bonett Normed Fit Index (NFI) 0.279
Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) 0.242
Bollen's Relative Fit Index (RFI) 0.168
Bollen's Incremental Fit Index (IFI) 0.403
Relative Noncentrality Index (RNI) 0.360

Information criteria

Value

Log-likelihood −533.575
Number of free parameters 32.000
Akaike (AIC) 1131.150
Bayesian (BIC) 1175.988
Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (SSABIC) 1076.355

Other fit measures

Metric Value

Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) 0.211

RMSEA 90% CI lower bound 0.177
RMSEA 90% CI upper bound 0.246
RMSEA p-value 3.912×10−11
Standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) 0.209
Hoelter's critical N (α = .05) 16.885
Hoelter's critical N (α = .01) 18.323
Goodness of fit index (GFI) 0.517
McDonald fit index (MFI) 0.098
Expected cross validation index (ECVI) 10.242

R-Squared

R²

M1 0.087
M2 0.002
M3 0.143
M4 0.078
M5 0.003
M6 0.028
M7 0.835
M8 0.047
M9 0.529
M10 0.121
M11 0.730
M12 0.050
M13 0.578
M14 0.006
M15 0.268
M16 0.014
Parameter estimates

Factor loadings

95% Confidence Interval

Factor Indicator Symbol Estimate Std. Error z-value p Lower Upper

Factor 1 M1 λ11 0.165 0.104 1.584 0.113 −0.039 0.369

M2 λ12 0.035 0.167 0.207 0.836 −0.294 0.363
M3 λ13 0.275 0.133 2.066 0.039 0.014 0.536
M4 λ14 0.232 0.155 1.498 0.134 −0.072 0.535
M5 λ15 −0.047 0.168 −0.281 0.779 −0.377 0.282
M6 λ16 −0.117 0.132 −0.887 0.375 −0.376 0.142
M7 λ17 0.642 0.101 6.328 < .001 0.443 0.840
M8 λ18 −0.199 0.173 −1.149 0.251 −0.538 0.140
M9 λ19 0.592 0.132 4.492 < .001 0.334 0.850
M10 λ110 0.261 0.139 1.885 0.059 −0.010 0.533
M11 λ111 0.637 0.112 5.687 < .001 0.417 0.857
M12 λ112 0.216 0.182 1.186 0.236 −0.141 0.573
M13 λ113 0.567 0.119 4.777 < .001 0.334 0.799
M14 λ114 −0.072 0.182 −0.399 0.690 −0.429 0.284
M15 λ115 0.442 0.151 2.935 0.003 0.147 0.738
M16 λ116 −0.132 0.210 −0.628 0.530 −0.544 0.280

Factor variances

95% Confidence Interval

Factor Estimate Std. Error z-value p Lower Upper

Factor 1 1.000 0.000 1.000 1.000

Residual variances

95% Confidence Interval

Indicator Estimate Std. Error z-value p Lower Upper

M1 0.285 0.074 3.840 < .001 0.140 0.431

M2 0.772 0.199 3.872 < .001 0.381 1.163
M3 0.453 0.119 3.815 < .001 0.220 0.686
M4 0.635 0.165 3.844 < .001 0.311 0.959
M5 0.777 0.201 3.872 < .001 0.384 1.170
M6 0.475 0.123 3.863 < .001 0.234 0.716
M7 0.082 0.040 2.045 0.041 0.003 0.160
M8 0.806 0.209 3.856 < .001 0.396 1.216
M9 0.312 0.090 3.472 < .001 0.136 0.488
M10 0.497 0.130 3.826 < .001 0.243 0.752
M11 0.150 0.053 2.840 0.005 0.046 0.253
M12 0.892 0.231 3.855 < .001 0.439 1.346
M13 0.235 0.069 3.380 < .001 0.099 0.371
M14 0.907 0.234 3.871 < .001 0.448 1.366
M15 0.533 0.142 3.745 < .001 0.254 0.812
M16 1.209 0.313 3.868 < .001 0.597 1.822

Implied covariance matrix

M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16

0.312
0.006 0.773
0.045 0.010 0.529
0.038 0.008 0.064 0.689
−0.008 −0.002 −0.013 −0.011 0.779
−0.019 −0.004 −0.032 −0.027 0.006 0.489
0.106 0.022 0.177 0.149 −0.030 −0.075 0.493
−0.033 −0.007 −0.055 −0.046 0.009 0.023 −0.128 0.846
0.098 0.020 0.163 0.137 −0.028 −0.069 0.380 −0.118 0.662
0.043 0.009 0.072 0.061 −0.012 −0.031 0.168 −0.052 0.155 0.566
0.105 0.022 0.175 0.148 −0.030 −0.075 0.409 −0.127 0.377 0.166 0.556
0.036 0.007 0.059 0.050 −0.010 −0.025 0.139 −0.043 0.128 0.056 0.138 0.939
0.093 0.020 0.156 0.131 −0.027 −0.066 0.363 −0.113 0.335 0.148 0.361 0.122 0.556
−0.012 −0.003 −0.020 −0.017 0.003 0.009 −0.047 0.014 −0.043 −0.019 −0.046 −0.016 −0.041 0.912
0.073 0.015 0.122 0.103 −0.021 −0.052 0.284 −0.088 0.262 0.116 0.282 0.096 0.251 −0.032 0.729
−0.022 −0.005 −0.036 −0.031 0.006 0.015 −0.085 0.026 −0.078 −0.034 −0.084 −0.028 −0.075 0.010 −0.058 1.227
Residual covariance matrix

M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16

< .001
0.088 < .001
0.026 < .001 < .001
0.106 < .001 0.092 < .001
0.020 < .001 0.117 0.189 < .001
0.097 < .001 0.255 0.216 0.172 < .001
< .001 < .001 0.003 < .001 0.017 < .001 < .001
0.121 0.280 < .001 < .001 0.245 < .001 0.008 < .001
0.051 < .001 0.122 0.107 0.110 0.081 < .001 < .001 < .001
0.038 < .001 < .001 0.195 < .001 0.120 < .001 < .001 < .001 < .001
0.006 0.078 < .001 < .001 0.041 < .001 0.025 0.049 < .001 0.022 < .001
0.137 0.326 < .001 0.128 0.049 < .001 < .001 0.437 0.028 < .001 0.074 < .001
0.018 < .001 0.066 0.024 < .001 < .001 < .001 < .001 0.076 < .001 < .001 < .001 < .001
0.191 0.096 0.191 0.028 0.509 0.203 0.033 0.407 0.025 < .001 0.057 0.188 < .001 < .001
< .001 0.078 < .001 0.042 < .001 < .001 0.003 0.026 < .001 0.016 < .001 < .001 0.061 < .001 < .001
0.202 0.391 0.256 < .001 0.507 0.185 0.025 0.494 0.031 < .001 0.084 0.428 < .001 0.870 < .001 < .001

Modification Indices

Residual covariances

Mod. Ind. EPC

M14 ↔ M16 20.762 0.872

M5 ↔ M14 11.034 0.509
M7 ↔ M11 9.423 0.156
M3 ↔ M6 9.188 0.259
M5 ↔ M16 8.227 0.508
M8 ↔ M12 8.053 0.441
M8 ↔ M16 7.547 0.497
M8 ↔ M14 6.821 0.409
M10 ↔ M16 6.513 −0.364
M2 ↔ M10 5.446 −0.266
M12 ↔ M16 5.136 0.431
M9 ↔ M11 5.126 −0.121
M2 ↔ M16 4.925 0.392
M7 ↔ M13 4.779 −0.101
M4 ↔ M6 4.690 0.218
M5 ↔ M15 4.689 −0.259
M2 ↔ M4 4.652 −0.277
M2 ↔ M12 4.646 0.327
M1 ↔ M14 4.264 0.193
M15 ↔ M16 4.191 −0.305

Plots

Model plot

Model syntax

# Factors
Factor1 =~ lambda_1_1*M1 + lambda_1_2*M2 + lambda_1_3*M3 + lambda_1_4*M4 +
lambda_1_5*M5 + lambda_1_6*M6 + lambda_1_7*M7 + lambda_1_8*M8 + lambda_1_9*M9
+ lambda_1_10*M10 + lambda_1_11*M11 + lambda_1_12*M12 + lambda_1_13*M13 +
lambda_1_14*M14 + lambda_1_15*M15 + lambda_1_16*M16