1.

The diagrams show the arrangement of particles in three solids: krypton, potassium and sodium
chloride.

In which order are the solids shown?

A krypton; potassium; sodium chloride
B krypton; sodium chloride; potassium
C sodium chloride; krypton; potassium
D sodium chloride; potassium; krypton

2. Which compound has molecules each of which contains only two covalent bonds?
A CH4 B H2O C MgCl 2 D Na2O

3. What can be deduced about two gases that have the same relative molecular mass?
A They have the same boiling point.
B They have the same number of atoms in one molecule.
C They have the same rate of diffusion at room temperature and pressure.
D They have the same solubility in water at room temperature.

4. An ionic bond is formed by

A electron sharing between metals and non-metals.
B electron sharing between non-metals.
C electron transfer between non-metals.
D electron transfer from metals to non-metals.

5. Both magnesium oxide, MgO, and aluminium oxide, Al 2O3, are solids at room temperature, 25
°C. MgO has a melting point of 2852 °C and a boiling point of 3600 °C.
Al 2O3 has a melting point of 2072 °C and a boiling point of 2880 °C.
Over which temperature range will both pure compounds conduct electricity?

A 25 to 2852 °C B 2072 to 2852 °C C 2852 to 2880 °C D 2880 to 3600 °C

6. Which substance conducts an electric current but remains chemically unchanged?

A aluminium
B aqueous sodium chloride
C molten lead(II) bromide
D pure ethanoic acid

7. Which pair of elements, when combined together, do not form a covalent compound?
A cesium and fluorine
B nitrogen and chlorine
C phosphorus and fluorine
D sulfur and chlorine

1
8. The diagram shows apparatus used to obtain carbon monoxide.

What is the main purpose of Y?

A to dry the gas
B to prevent water being sucked back on to the hot carbon
C to remove carbon dioxide from the gas
D to remove hydrogen chloride from the gas

9. Which substance could be sodium chloride?

10. Which set of the electronic structures are only found in metals?
A 2, 1 2, 8, 1 2, 8, 8, 1
B 2, 5 2, 6 2, 7
C 2, 7 2, 8, 7 2, 8, 18, 7
D 2, 8, 3 2, 8, 4 2, 8, 5

11. Radium (Ra) is in the same group of the Periodic Table as magnesium.
What is the charge on a radium ion?
A 2– B 1– C 1+ D 2+

12. How many of the molecules shown contain only one covalent bond?
Cl 2 H2 HCl N2 O2
A2 B3 C4 D5

13. What happens when sodium chloride melts?

A Covalent bonds in a giant lattice are broken.
B Electrons are released from atoms.
C Electrostatic forces of attraction between ions are overcome.
D Molecules are separated into ions

2
 Section B
1. Tin is a metal in Group IV of the Periodic Table.

a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of a metal. [2]

(b) Explain why metals

(i) conduct electricity, ....................................................................................................

(ii) are malleable. ...........................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................ [2]

(c) At high temperatures, tin reacts with steam to form tin(II) oxide, SnO, and one other
product. This reaction is reversible. The other product is a gas which gives a ‘pop’ with a
lighted splint.
(i) Construct an equation for this reaction. [1]

(ii) Tin(II) oxide is an amphoteric oxide.

Explain the meaning of the term amphoteric oxide.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(d) (i) Concentrated nitric acid reacts with tin to form tin(IV) oxide, SnO2, nitrogen dioxide
and water. Construct an equation for this reaction. [1]

.......................................................................................................................................

(ii) Nitric acid contains nitrate ions. Describe a test for nitrate ions. Give the result of a
positive test.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

3
2. Iron, cobalt and nickel have similar properties.
(i) State the name of the block of elements in the modern Periodic Table which includes
iron, cobalt and nickel.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Iron reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Fe(s) + 2HCl (aq) FeCl2 (aq) + H2(g)
Use ideas about particles to describe and explain the effect of temperature on the
speed of this reaction.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(e) Lithium, sodium and potassium are elements which show a trend in melting points and
reaction with water.
(i) Describe the trend in the reaction of these elements with water.

.................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Write an equation for the reaction of sodium with water. [1]

(iii) The melting points of lithium, sodium and potassium are:

lithium 181 oC sodium 98 oC potassium 63 oC
Predict the melting point of rubidium.

..............................................................................................................................[1]

3.(a) Sand and salt (sodium chloride) are both solids.

(i) Describe the arrangement and movement of the particles in a solid.

arrangement ..............................................................................................................

movement ............................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Describe how you could separate the sand from a mixture of sand and salt.
Give full details of how this is carried out.

.................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [3]

4
4. The diagram shows the structures of fi ve elements, A, B, C, D and E.

Answer these questions using the letters A, B, C, D or E.

Each element can be used once, more than once or not at all.
Which one of these elements
(i) is in Group V of the Periodic Table, ..................................................................... [1]

(ii) is used to fi ll weather balloons, ............................................................................ [1]

(iii) is a diatomic gas at room temperature, ............................................................... [1]

(iv) conducts electricity, .............................................................................................. [1]

(v) is a transition element? ........................................................................................ [1]

5. Blue diamonds are an impure form of carbon. Part of the structure of a blue diamond is
shown below.

Blue diamonds have a high melting point and can conduct electricity
.
(a) Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why blue diamonds have a high melting
point.
..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

5
(b) Normal diamonds are a pure form of carbon. They do not conduct electricity.
(i) Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why normal diamonds do not conduct
electricity.

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Suggest why blue diamonds can conduct electricity.

..................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Graphite is another pure form of carbon. Suggest two reasons why graphite is often
used as an electrode in electrolysis.

1 .......................................................................................................................................

2 ...................................................................................................................................[2]

6.(a) Define the term compound.

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Draw the dot and cross diagram of sodium iodide showing only outer shell electrons. [2]

(c) Explain why sodium iodide will not conduct electricity when solid but will conduct when
dissolved in water.
.
.........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]