1.

0 ABSTRACT
The experiment was conducted in order to discuss the topic of pressure change analysis.
The main objective to this experiment was to observe the effect of cross-sectional area to the
fluid velocity and pressure at various point as well as relate the effect of each parameter with
Bernoulli’s principle. The Bernoulli’s principle states that the velocity of a fluid increased as
the pressure was decreased. It states that fluid velocity can indeed affected by the change of
the area and the size of diameter. The fluid density and pressure are inversely proportional to
each other, which also meant higher pressure occurred in high density while flowing than low
density fluids. In this experiment, two different fluids were used which were oil and water at
which both fluids have different density with oil have higher density than water. The
materials used for this experiment were three 1.5L plastic bottles, tapes, beaker, stopwatch,
three different size of nail (2mm,3mm and 4mm) and Bunsen burner. First, the bottles were
marked for every 200ml up until 1000ml. Then, different sized hole was made using 2mm,
3mm and 4mm nails and Bunsen burner at the scale of 200ml on each bottle. After that, each
hole was covered with a tape before filling the bottles with water till 1000ml. The tape then
was carefully removed from the bottles as the stopwatch started. After that, the experiment
was then observed and the time for the water decrease for every 200ml were recorded. The
experiment then was repeated by replacing water with oil instead which have higher density.
From the experiment results, it was shown that water took less time to reach 200ml scale
(fluid stopped draining at 200ml mark) in the bottles from 317.42s, 148.68s, and 144.04s
respectively compared with oil with 460.45s, 186.27s and 166.84s. It also shown that as the
size of hole diameter increased, the fluid velocity also increases hence the time taken to reach
200ml scale also decreased. From the results, the conclusion of the experiment was that fluid
with lower density and large cross-sectional area on hole will have increased velocity in fluid
while the opposite case will yield decreased velocity in fluid.