CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES

Mansi Patil
A086
Causes of type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes occurs when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high. Blood glucose
is your main source of energy and comes mainly from the food you eat. Insulin, a hormone
made by the pancreas, helps the glucose in your blood get into your cells to be used for
energy. Another hormone, glucagon, works with insulin to control blood glucose levels.
Type 1 diabetes occurs when your immune system, the body’s system for fighting infection,
attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. Scientists think type 1
diabetes is caused by genes and environmental factors, such as viruses, that might trigger the
disease.
Causes of type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes—the most common form of diabetes—is caused by several factors, including
lifestyle factors and genes. You are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes if you are not
physically active and are overweight or have obesity. Extra weight sometimes causes insulin
resistance and is common in people with type 2 diabetes. The location of body fat also makes
a difference. Extra belly fat is linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and heart and
blood vessel disease. To see if your weight puts you at risk for type 2 diabetes, check out
these Body Mass Index (BMI) charts. Type 2 diabetes usually begins with insulin resistance,
a condition in which muscle, liver, and fat cells do not use insulin well. As a result, your body
needs more insulin to help glucose enter cells. At first, the pancreas makes more insulin to
keep up with the added demand. Over time, the pancreas can’t make enough insulin, and
blood glucose levels rise. As in type 1 diabetes, certain genes may make you more likely to
develop type 2 diabetes. The disease tends to run in families.
Effects of type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes, once known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic
condition. In this condition, the pancreas makes little or no insulin. Insulin is a hormone the
body uses to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy. Even after a lot of
research, type 1 diabetes has no cure. Treatment is directed toward managing the amount of
sugar in the blood using insulin, diet and lifestyle to prevent complications.
Type 1 diabetes symptoms can appear suddenly and may include:
Feeling more thirsty than usual
Urinating a lot
Bed-wetting in children who have never wet the bed during the night
Feeling very hungry
Losing weight without trying
Feeling irritable or having other mood changes
Feeling tired and weak
Having blurry vision
Effects of type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes is a common condition that causes the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood to
become too high.
It can cause symptoms like excessive thirst, needing to pee a lot and tiredness. It can also
increase your risk of getting serious problems with your eyes, heart and nerves.
It's a lifelong condition that can affect your everyday life. You may need to change your diet,
take medicines and have regular check-ups.
It's caused by problems with a chemical in the body (hormone) called insulin. It's often linked
to being overweight or inactive, or having a family history of type 2 diabetes.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-
20371444#:~:text=The%20exact%20cause%20of%20most,of%20genetic%20or
%20environmental%20factors.