Classification

Characteristics of
01 Living organisms

How they are

02 classified
Table of
contents
03 Binomial system

04 Viruses
01
Characteristics of living organisms
 02

How they are classified

Q: What is classification?
Ans: Classification is the process of
classifying something according to their
shared qualities or characteristics.
 For Example:
If we classify the animals :
Without hair
This is the system of putting organisms into groups and sub-groups
on the basis of similarities and differences among them. It was
introduced by Linnaeus in 1735.
Prokaryotes/Monera
➢ First organisms
➢ Made of prokaryotic cells
➢ Unicellular organisms
➢ Autotrophs
➢ Some are heterotrophs Saprobic
➢ Some have chlorophyll
➢ Lack nucleus and membrane bounded organelles
Structure of bacteria:

(
Disadvantages:
Causes Disease such as:
1. Tuberculosis (TB)
2. Cholera
ADVANTAGES:
1. Recycles nutrients(Nitrogen and carbon)
2. Helps in treatment of sewages
3. Makes insulin for diabetic patients
➢Made of Eukaryotic cells
➢Can be multicellular or unicellular
➢Can be Autotrophic or Hetrophic
➢May or may not contain cell wall
➢May or may not contain chloroplast
➢Have nucleus
Fungi:
 Vertebrates
Fishes:
❖ Aquatic
❖ Some are mudskippers that spend time breathing in air
❖ Have moist and scaly skin
❖ Breathe through gills
❖ Have streamlined body
❖ Heart has 2 chambers
❖ Have gills and fins
❖ Can swim
 Amphibians:
❖Mostly on the land
❖Breed or reproduce in water
❖Have moist skin
❖Less scaly
❖Heart has 3 chambers
❖Adult Breath through gills
Lives on land
❖Larva Breath through lungs
Lives in water
❖E.g: Frog , toad , salamanders
Reptiles:
❖Live on land
❖Breed on land
❖Have scaly skin
❖Egg have protective shells(rubbery)

prevents from water loss

❖Have 3 chambers of heart
(partially 4 chambers)
 Birds:
❖ Eggs Have water proof shell
❖Have feathers on skin
❖Forelimbs modified into wings
❖Have beak
❖Have 4 chambers of heart
❖Endothermic produce heat due to
metabolic reactions
❖Can fly as well
❖ Vertebrates with hair
❖ Have a placenta
❖ Feed young one’s on milk
from mammary glands
❖ Are endothermic
❖ Heart has 4 chambers
❖ Have a diaphragm
❖ Have four types of teeth
(insicors,canines,premolars,molars)
Nematoda
porifera flatworms
Annelida Arthropoda
Mollusca Echinodermata
Insecta crustacea
Myriapoda arachnids
BRYOPHYTES
ANGIOSPERMS GYMNOSPERMS FERNS
Binomial System
Genus : always Printed : It will
with capital be italicized.
letter
Writing : we
Specie : never should
begin with underline it .
Genus name can If you want to
capital letter
be same but write it again and
specie name can again so we can
never be same write it like
H.Sapiens
Viruses
Viruses
STRUCTURE OF VIRUSES: