S.

4 PHYSICS REVISION EXERCISE

1. An astronomical telescope has an objective focal length of 2m and an eyepiece lens of
focal length 50cm.
i. Draw a ray diagram showing an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment ii.
Calculate the magnifying power of the telescope in (i) above
2. A lens with a focal length of 5.00 cm is used as a magnifying glass. (a) To obtain
maximum magnification and an image that can be seen clearly by a normal eye, explain
where the object should be placed. (b) What is the magnification?

3. The objective of a compound microscope has focal length of 2.0 cm while the eye piece
has a focal length of 5.0 cm. An object is placed a distance of 2.5 cm in front of the
objective. The distance of the eye piece from the objective is adjusted so that the final
image is formed 25 cm from the eye-piece. Find the distance between the objective and
the eye-piece
4. A telescope has an objective with a refractive power of 1.25 diopters and an eyepiece
with a refractive power of 250 diopters. What is the angular magnification of the
telescope?

5. a) Define the term myopia and state how it can be corrected

b) A nearsighted patient’s far point is 0.690 m from her eyes. She is able to see distant
objects in focus when wearing glasses with a refractive power of -1.50 diopters. What is
the distance between her eyes and the glasses?
6. An object is placed 15.0 cm from a first converging lens of focal length 10.0 cm. A
second converging lens with focal length 5.00 cm is placed 10.0 cm to the right of the
first converging lens.
(a) Find the position q1 of the image formed by the first converging lens. (3marks)
(b) How far from the second lens is the image of the first lens? (2marks) (c) Find
the position q2 of the image formed by the second lens. (3marks) (d) What is the
total magnification for the system? (2marks)
7. An object of size 2.0mm is placed 3.0cm in front of the objective of a compound
microscope. The focal length of the objective is 2.5cm while that of the eye-piece being
5.0cm.the microscope forms a virtual image of the object at the near point of the eye.
a) Draw a ray diagram showing image formation for a microscope in this setting b) For
the above information , find;
i) Size of the final image (6marks)
ii) Position of the eye-ring (6marks)

8. A projector produces an image of area 1m2 onto a screen placed 5m from the projection
lens. If the area of object slide is 4cm2, calculate the;
a) Focal length of the projection lens
ii)Distance of the slide from the lens
9. The objective of a compound microscope has focal length of 2.0cm while the eye piece
has a focal length of 5.0cm. An object is placed a distance of 2.5cm in front of the
objective. The distance of the eye piece from the objective is adjusted so that the final
image is formed 25cm from the eye-piece. Find the distance between the objective and
 the eye-piece.
10. A nearsighted woman can’t see objects clearly beyond 40.0 cm (her far point). If she has
no astigmatism and contact lenses are prescribed, what power and type of lens are
required to correct her vision?
11. A person sees clearly wearing eyeglasses that have a power of - 4.00 diopters when the
lenses are 2.00 cm in front of the eyes.
(a) What is the focal length of the lens?
(b) Is the person nearsighted or farsighted?
(c) If the person wants to switch to contact lenses placed directly on the eyes, what
lens power should be prescribed?
12. Find the magnification of a telescope that uses a 2.75-diopter objective lens and a
35.0- diopter eyepiece.
13. An elderly sailor is shipwrecked on a desert island, but manages to save his eyeglasses.
The lens for one eye has a power of 11.20 diopters, and the other lens has a power of
19.00 diopters.
(a) What is the magnifying power of the telescope he can construct with these lenses?
(b) How far apart are the lenses when the telescope is adjusted for minimum
eyestrain?
14. The near point of an eye is 75.0 cm.
(a) What should be the power of a corrective lens prescribed to enable the eye to see
an object clearly at 25.0 cm?
(b) If, using the corrective lens, the person can see an object clearly at 26.0 cm but
not at 25.0 cm, by how many diopters did the lens grinder miss the prescription? 15. A
laboratory (astronomical) telescope is used to view a scale that is 300 cm from the
objective, which has a focal length of 20.0 cm; the eyepiece has a focal length of 2.00 cm.
Calculate the angular magnification when the telescope is adjusted for minimum eyestrain.
16. A lens with a focal length of 5.00 cm is used as a magnifying glass. (a) To obtain
maximum magnification and an image that can be seen clearly by a normal eye, explain
where the object should be placed. (b) What is the magnification?

17. The objective of a compound microscope has focal length of 2.0 cm while the eye piece
has a focal length of 5.0 cm. An object is placed a distance of 2.5 cm in front of the
objective. The distance of the eye piece from the objective is adjusted so that the final
image is formed 25 cm from the eye-piece. Find the distance between the objective and
the eye-piece

18. a) State any two eye defects and explain how they can be corrected so that a person can
see objects properly (2 mks)
19. The near point of a person’s eye is 60.0 cm. To see objects clearly at a distance of 25.0
cm, what should be the;
(i) focal length (2 mks)
(ii) power of the appropriate corrective lens? (Neglect the distance from the lens to the
eye.) (1 mk)
20. The distance between the eyepiece and the objective lens in a certain compound
microscope is 20.0 cm. The focal length of the objective is 0.500 cm, and that of the
 eyepiece is 1.70 cm. Find the overall magnification of the microscope. (3 mks)
21. i) With the help of proper ray diagram show the formation of an image of a real object at
infinity for a refracting telescope in normal adjustment (2 mks)
ii) Find the magnification of a telescope that uses a 2.75-diopter objective lens and a
29cm focal length eyepiece. (2 mks)
22. A telescope has an objective with a refractive power of 1.25 diopters and an eyepiece
with a refractive power of 250 diopters. What is the angular magnification of the
telescope?
23. a) Define the term myopia and state how it can be corrected
b) A nearsighted patient’s far point is 0.690 m from her eyes. She is able to see distant
objects in focus when wearing glasses with a refractive power of -1.50 diopters. What
is the distance between her eyes and the glasses?

24. Two double convex lenses each of focal length 8cm are placed 2cm apart. If an object is
placed 4 cm in front of the lens on the outer side, find the position of the final image. 25. An
object is placed 6.0cm from a thin converging lens A of focal length 5.0cm. Another thin
converging lens B of focal length 15.0cm is placed coaxially with A and 20.0cm
from it on the side remote from the object. Find the position, nature and magnification of
the final image
26. A converging lens of focal length 20cm is placed coaxially with a diverging lens of focal
length 6cm. If the lenses are 12cm apart, determine the position of the image of a distant
object placed on the same side as the converging lens.
27. A converging lens has a focal length of 20.0 cm. locate the images for object distances of
(a) 40.0 cm, (b) 20.0 cm, and (c) 10.0 cm. For each case, state whether the image is real
or virtual and upright or inverted, and find the magnification
28. Two converging lenses having focal lengths of 10.0 cm and 20.0 cm are placed 50.0 cm
apart, as shown in Figure 1. The final image is to be located between the lenses, at the
position indicated. (a) How far to the left of the first lens should the object be positioned?
(b) What is the overall magnification of the system? (c) Is the final image upright or
inverted?

29. An object is placed 20.0 cm to the left of a converging lens of focal length 25.0 cm. A
diverging lens of focal length 10.0 cm is 25.0 cm to the right of the converging lens. Find
the position and magnification of the final image.
30. Two converging lenses, each of focal length 15.0 cm, are placed 40.0 cm apart, and an
object is placed 30.0 cm in front of the first lens. Where is the final image formed, and
what is the magnification of the system?
31. State any two eye defects and explain how they can be corrected so that a person can see objects
properly (2 mks)
32. The near point of a person’s eye is 60.0 cm. To see objects clearly at a distance of 25.0 cm, what
should be the (i) focal length (ii) power of the appropriate corrective lens? (Neglect the distance
from the lens to the eye.) (3 mks)
33. The distance between the eyepiece and the objective lens in a certain compound microscope is
20.0 cm. The focal length of the objective is 0.500 cm, and that of the eyepiece is 1.70 cm. Find
the overall magnification of the microscope. (3 mks)
34. Two lenses, one converging with focal length 20.0 cm and one diverging with focal
length 10cm are placed 25.0 cm apart. An object is placed 60.0 cm in front of the
converging lens. Determine
(a) the position of the final image (8mrks)
(b) the magnification of the final image formed. (4mrks)
(c) Sketch a ray diagram for this system. (3mrks)
35. A friend tells you that when she takes off her eyeglasses and holds them 21 cm above a
printed page the image of the print is erect but enlarged to 1.5 times its actual size. (a)
What is the focal length of your friend’s glasses? (3mrks)
(b) Is the image real or virtual? (1mrk)
(c) Are the lenses in the glasses concave or convex? (1mrk)
36. A compound microscope has the objective and eyepiece mounted in a tube that is 18.0
cm long. The focal length of the eyepiece is 2.62 cm, and the near-point distance of the
person using the microscope is 25.0 cm. If the person can view the image produced by
the microscope with a completely relaxed eye, and the magnification is 4525, what is
the focal length of the objective?
37. In Bessel’s method for finding the focal length f of a lens, an object and a screen are
separated by a distance L, were L > 4f. It is then possible to place the lens at either of two
locations, both between the object and the screen, so that there is an image of the object
on the screen, in one case magnified and in the other case reduced. Show that if the
distance between those two positions of the lens is D, then the focal length is given by:
�� = ��2−��2
4�� (4mrks)

38.State the laws of refraction.

39.Calculate the refractive index of medium B.
40.Light is incident at 60o on a glass block 15 cm- thick and refractive index 1.52. Find the
angle of refraction and the lateral displacement.
41.The angle of minimum deviation of a ray passing through an equilateral
prism is 50o. Find the angle on incidence and the refractive index. 42. a)The
velocity of light in glass is 2 ⋅ 108 m/s and that in air is 3 ⋅ 108 m/s . By how much would an
ink dot appears to be raised when covered by a glass plate 6.0 cm thick ?
b) When you look up at an object in air from beneath the surface in a swimming pool.
Does the object appear to be the same size as when see it directly in air ? Explain 43. Light
is incident at 40o on an equilateral glass prism of refractive index 1.52. Find: i)The angle of
deviation of the light as it emerges from the prism.
ii)The smallest possible angle of incidence of light for which light is transmitted without
total internal reflection.
44. The angle of minimum reflection and the corresponding angle of incidence. 45. Light is
incident on an equilateral glass prism at a 45.0 o angle to one face. Calculate the angle at which light
emerges from the opposite face . Assume that n = 1.58
46. A person wants to use a convex lens as a simple magnifying lens. At what distance from
the lens, must the object be placed and why?
47. The power of a magnifying lens is 2 dioptres. Determine its focal length.
48. a) An object 1 cm tall is placed 30mm in front of a lens. An image of the object is located
60 mm behind the lens.
(i) Is the lens converging or diverging? Explain your reasoning without
calculations. (ii) What is the focal length of the lens?
b) Copy the axis below drawn not to scale (figure) on a graph paper and draw the lens at
the position x =0.

With the
aid of three principal rays from the object, locate the image in order to verify, the
situation described above in .
(c) Based on your diagram , describe the image by answering the following
questions (i) Is the image real or virtual? Explain
(ii) Is the image smaller than, larger than or same size as the object?
(iii) Is the image inverted or upright compared to the object
49. State any two eye defects and explain how they can be corrected so that a person can see objects
 properly (2 mks)
50. The near point of a person’s eye is 60.0 cm. To see objects clearly at a distance of 25.0 cm, what
should be the (i) focal length (ii) power of the appropriate corrective lens? (Neglect the distance
from the lens to the eye.) (3 mks)
51. The distance between the eyepiece and the objective lens in a certain compound microscope is
20.0 cm. The focal length of the objective is 0.500 cm, and that of the eyepiece is 1.70 cm. Find

the overall magnification of the microscope. (3 mks)

52. i) With the help of proper ray diagram show the formation of an image of a real object at infinity
for a refracting telescope in normal adjustment (2 mks)
ii) Find the magnification of a telescope that uses a 2.75-diopter objective lens and a 29cm focal
length eyepiece. (2 mks)
53. a) The index of refraction for violet light in silica flint glass is 1.66 and that for red light is 1.62.
What is the angular dispersion of visible light passing through an equilateral prism of apex angle
60.0° if the angle of incidence is 50.0°? (See Fig. below.) (5marks)

i.
(b) b) A prism of refracting angle 670 and index of refraction 1.6 is immersed in a liquid of
refractive index 1.2, if a ray travelling through a liquid makes an angle of incidence 53 0.
Calculate the angle of emergence of the ray from the second face of prism. (5marks)
54. A projector produces an image of area 1m2 onto a screen placed 5m from the projection
lens. If the area of object slide is 4cm2, calculate the;
a) Focal length of the projection lens (3marks)
b)Distance of the slide from the lens (3marks)
55. A laboratory (astronomical) telescope is used to view a scale that is 300 cm from the
objective, which has a focal length of 20.0 cm; the eyepiece has a focal length of 2.00
cm. Calculate the angular magnification when the telescope is adjusted for minimum
eyestrain. (4marks)
56. Using ray diagram derive the lens formula 1�� = 1�� + 1�� where �� is object distance ,
�� is image distance and �� is the focal length of the lens .state any assumption made (6marks)
57. A diverging meniscus has radii of curvature of its surfaces 10cm and 25cm, the index of
refraction of its material glass is 1.52 find its focal length when place in water of refractive index
1.33 (4marks)
58. An object is placed 15.0 cm from a first converging lens of focal length 10.0 cm. A second
converging lens with focal length 5.00 cm is placed 10.0 cm to the right of the first converging
lens.
(a) Find the position q1 of the image formed by the first converging lens. (3marks)
(b) How far from the second lens is the image of the first lens? (2marks)
(c) Find the position q2 of the image formed by the second lens. (3marks)
(d) What is the total magnification for the system? (2marks)
59. Copy and complete the diagram below to show how a ray of light enters and emerges
from the prism of refractive index 1.5
60. Calculate the angle of refraction of the two faces of the prism and the emergent angle
on the diagram .

61. A light candle is placed 33cm in front of a converging lens of focal length f1 = 15cm.
which in turn is 55cm in front of another converging lens of focal length F2 = 12cm a)
Draw a ray diagram and estimate the location and the relative size of the final image .
b) Calculate the position and relative size of the final image.

62. A convex meniscus lens is made from glass with n = 1.50. The radius of curvature of the
convex surface is 22.4cm, and that of the concave surface is 46.2cm .What is the focal
length.

63. An object is placed 20.0 cm to the left of a diverging lens ( f = -8.00 cm). A concave
mirror ( f = 12.0 cm) is placed 30.0 cm to the right of the lens. (a) Find the final image
distance, measured relative to the mirror. (b) Is the final image real or virtual? (c) Is the
final image upright or inverted with respect to the original object?
64. A converging lens ( f1= 20.0 cm) and a diverging lens ( f2=15.0 cm) are separated by a distance
of 10.0 cm. An object with a height of ho1= 5.00 mm is placed at a distance of do1= 45.0 cm to
the left of the first (converging) lens. What are (a) the image distance di1 and (b) the height hi1
 of the image produced by the first lens? (c) What is the object distance for the second
(diverging) lens? Find (d) the image distance di2 and (e) the height hi2 of the image produced by
the second lens.

65. A light beam containing red and violet wavelengths is incident on a slab of quartz at an
angle of incidence of 50.00°. The index of refraction of quartz is 1.455 at 660 nm (red
light), and its index of refraction is 1.468 at 410 nm (violet light). Find the dispersion of
the slab, which is defined as the difference in the angles of refraction for the two
wavelengths.
66. A laser beam is incident on a 45°–45°–90° prism perpendicular to one of its faces, as
shown in Fig. The transmitted beam that exits the hypotenuse of the prism makes an
angle of �� = 150 with the direction of the incident beam. Find the index of refraction
of the prism.

67. A diverging lens has a focal length of magnitude 20.0 cm. (a) Locate the images for
object distances of (i) 40.0 cm, (ii) 20.0 cm, and (iii) 10.0 cm. For each case, state
whether the image is (b) real or virtual and (c) upright or inverted. (d) For each case, find
the magnification.
68. A transparent photographic slide is placed in front of a converging lens with a focal
length of 2.44 cm. An image of the slide is formed 12.9 cm from the slide. How far is the
lens from the slide if the image is (a)real? (b) Virtual?

69. A contact lens is made of plastic with an index of refraction of 1.50. The lens has an outer
radius of curvature of +2.00 cm and an inner radius of curvature of +2.50 cm. What is the
focal length of the lens?
70. An object is placed 15.0 cm from a first converging lens of focal length 10.0 cm. A
second converging lens with focal length 5.00 cm is placed 10.0 cm to the right of the
first converging lens. (a) Find the position q1 of the image formed by the first converging
lens. (b) How far from the second lens is the image of the first lens? (c) What is the value
of p2, the object position for the second lens? (d) Find the position q2 of the image formed
by the second lens. (e) Calculate the magnification of the first lens. (f) Calculate the
magnification of the second lens. (g) What is the total magnification for the system? (h)
Is the final image real or virtual? Is it upright or inverted (compared to the original object
 for the lens system)?

71. A diverging meniscus has radii of curvature of its surfaces 10cm and 25cm, the index of
refraction of its material glass is 1.52 find its focal length when place in water of
refractive index 1.33

72. A 1.00-cm-high object is placed 4.00 cm to the left of a converging lens of focal length
8.00 cm. A diverging lens of focal length 16.00 cm is 6.00 cm to the right of the
converging lens. Find the position and height of the final image. Is the image inverted or
upright? Real or virtual?
a) Define the linear magnification of the lens.
b) A slide of dimension 2cm by 2cm produces a clear image of dimensions 80cm by
80cm on a projector screen;
73. Determine the linear magnification of the lens.
i)Calculate the focal length of the projector lens if the screen is 82cm from the slide.
74. A compound microscope consist of an eyepiece of magnification 10 and objective of
magnification 50 and the lenses are 17cm a part, Determine;
i)The overall magnification
ii)The focal length of each lens
iii)The position of the object when the final image is in focus with eye relaxed, assume
for a normal eye, D=25cm.

75. The magnitudes of the radii of curvature are 32.5 cm and 42.5 cm for the two faces of a
biconcave lens. The glass has index of refraction 1.53 for violet light and 1.51 for red
light. For a very distant object, locate (a) the image formed by violet light and (b) the
image formed by red light.
76. Consider two thin lenses, one of focal length f1 and the other of focal length f2, placed in
contact with each other, as shown in Fig. below 1�� = 1��1+ 1��2. Apply the thin lens
equation to each of these lenses and combine the results to show that this combination of
lenses behaves like a thin lens having a focal length f given by . Assume the thicknesses
of the lenses can be ignored in comparison to the other distances involved.

77. A telescope has an objective with a refractive power of 1.25 diopters and an eyepiece
with a refractive power of 250 diopters. What is the angular magnification of the
telescope?

78. A prism of refracting angle 670 and index of refraction 1.6 is immersed in a liquid of
refractive index 1.2. if a ray travelling through a liquid makes an angle of incidence 530.
Calculate the angle of emergence of the ray from the second face of prism.
79. An object of height 5cm is placed 20cm in front of a diverging lens of focal length 15cm.
by graphical method determine the position, nature ,size and magnification of the
image (5marks)
80. A compound lens consists of two lenses in contact having powers of +12.5D and -2.5D.
For an object placed 15.0cm from the compound lens;
i)Find the position of the image formed (3marks)
ii)Find the magnification (3marks)
iii)State the nature of the image of. (3marks)
81. Two bi-convex lenses each of focal length 8cm are placed 2cm apart. If an object is
placed 4cm in front of the lens on the outer side;
i)find the position of the final image (6marks)
ii)Calculate the magnification. (3marks)
82. a) The radii of curvature of the surfaces of a thin converging lens are 10cm and 30cm. the index
of refraction of the glass is 1.5, Calculate the position and size of the image of an object 2cm
high placed perpendicular to the lens axis and 4cm to the left of the lens. (7marks)
83. Calculate the focal length of a converging meniscus with radii of curvature 25cm and 20cm and
refractive index 1.5 (3marks)
84. Define the term principal focus of a diverging lens
85. An object of height 5cm is placed 20cm in front of a diverging lens of focal length 15cm.
determine the position, nature ,size and magnification of the image
86. A compound lens consists of two lenses in contact having powers of +12.5D and -2.5D.
Find the position and nature of the image of an object placed 15.0cm from the compound
lens.
87. Two bi-convex lenses each of focal length 8cm are placed 2cm apart. If an object is
placed 4cm in front of the lens on the outer side, find the position and magnification of
the final image.
88. A ray of light propagating in a liquid is incident on a glass prism of refracting angle 500
and refractive index 1.6 at an angle 320. If the ray passes through the prism symmetrically
find the refractive index of the liquid.
89. Define the term principal focus of a converging lens
90. An object of height 5cm is placed 20cm in front of converging lens of focal length 15cm. by
graphical method determine the position, nature ,size and magnification of the image 91. An object
is placed 6.0 cm from a thin converging lens A of focal length 5.0 cm. another thin converging lens B
of focal length 15.0 cm is placed co-axially with A and 20.0 cm from it on the side away from the
object. Find the position of the final image and magnification 92. A prism of refracting angle 67 0 and
index of refraction 1.6 is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.2. if a ray travelling through a
liquid makes an angle of incidence 53 0. Calculate the angle of emergence of the ray from the second
face of prism.
93. a) State any two eye defects and explain how they can be corrected so that a person can see
objects properly (2 mks)
94. The near point of a person’s eye is 60.0 cm. To see objects clearly at a distance of 25.0 cm, what
 should be the;
(i) focal length
(ii) power of the appropriate corrective lens? (Neglect the distance from the lens to the eye.)
95. The distance between the eyepiece and the objective lens in a certain compound microscope is
20.0 cm. The focal length of the objective is 0.500 cm, and that of the eyepiece is 1.70 cm. Find the
overall magnification of the microscope. (3 mks)
96. i) With the help of proper ray diagram show the formation of an image of a real object at infinity
for a refracting telescope in normal adjustment (2 mks)
ii) Find the magnification of a telescope that uses a 2.75-diopter objective lens and a 29cm focal
length eyepiece. (2 mks)

97. a) Define power of a lens

b) Using a sketch diagram show that for two converging lenses with powers ��1
and ��2 placed in contact, the combined power is given by; �� = ��1 + ��2
98. Compound lens consists of two lenses in contact having powers of +12.5D and -2.5D.
Find
i)The combined focal length
ii)The position and nature of the image of an object placed 15.0cm from the
compound lens.
99. Two converging lenses having focal lengths of 10.0 cm and 20.0 cm are placed 50.0 cm
apart, as shown in Figure. The final image is to be located between the lenses, at the
position indicated.

i)How far to the left of the first lens should the object be positioned?
ii)What is the overall magnification of the system?
iii)Is the final image upright or inverted?
100. a) Convex lenses can form a real image of a real object. In this case show that the
shortest distance (��), between the object and the image is given by; �� =
4�� b) An object is placed in front of a converging lens of focal length 15cm;
state the range of values for the distance between the object and the screen for
the lens to form real images (2mrks)
101. a) state two conditions for minimum deviation of light through the prism 102. A ray
of light propagating in a liquid is incident on a glass prism of refracting angle 50 0 and
refractive index 1.6 at an angle 320. If the ray passes through the prism symmetrically find
the refractive index of the liquid
103. Define the term critical angle
104. a) Using sketch diagram show that when a ray of light is incident on a small angled
prism, the net deviation is given by; �� = ��(�� − 1). Where A is angle of
prism and �� is its refractive index
105. (i) define the term dispersion of white light
(ii) Light of two colors is incident at a small angle on a thin prism of refracting angle 5 0
and refractive indices 1.52 and 1.50 for the two colors. Find the angular separation of
the two colors after refraction by the prism
106. An object of height 5cm is placed 20cm in front of converging lens of focal length 15cm. by
graphical method determine the position, nature ,size and magnification of the image
107. An object is placed 6.0 cm from a thin converging lens A of focal length 5.0 cm. another thin
converging lens B of focal length 15.0 cm is placed co-axially with A and 20.0 cm from it on the
side away from the object. Find the position of the final image and magnification
108. A prism of refracting angle 670 and index of refraction 1.6 is immersed in a liquid of refractive
index 1.2. if a ray travelling through a liquid makes an angle of incidence 53 0. Calculate the
angle of emergence of the ray from the second face of prism.
109. A convex lens with a focal length of 8 cm is to be used to form a virtual image that is
four times the size of the object. Where the lens must be placed?
110. When an object is placed 60.0 cm from a certain converging lens, it forms a real image.
When the object is moved to 40.0 cm from the lens, the image moves 10.0 cm farther
from the lens. Find the focal length of this lens.
111. An object is placed 12.0 cm to the left of a diverging lens of focal length 26.00 cm. A
converging lens of focal length 12.0 cm is placed a distance d to the right of the
diverging lens. Find the distance d so that the final image is infinitely far away to the
right.

112. A certain farsighted person has a minimum distance of distinct vision of 150 cm. He
wishes to read at a distance of 25 cm. What is the focal length of glasses should he use?
113. Consider a microscope that consists of an objective lens and an eyepiece lens separated
by 15 cm. The focal length of the objective lens is 2 mm, and the focal length of the
eyepiece lens is 20 mm. Assume the final image is produced at a distance of 25 cm. What is
the magnitude of the linear magnification of this microscope? 6 mks 114. a) Define the
linear magnification of the lens.
b) A slide of dimension 2cm by 2cm produces a clear image of dimensions 80cm by
80cm on a projector screen;
115. Determine the linear magnification of the lens.
116. Calculate the focal length of the projector lens if the screen is 82cm from the slide.
117. A compound microscope consist of a 10X eyepiece and 50X objective 17cm a part,
Determine;
i)The overall magnification
ii)The focal length of each lens
118. The position of the object when the final image is in focus with eye relaxed, assume for
a normal eye, D=25cm.

Revision on electric field

Electron charge, e =1.6x10-19C
Electron mass me =9.11x10-31kg
Mass of proton mp = 1.67x10-27 kg
The constant �� = 1
9 -1
4����0 =9.0x10 mF
119. In Fig. below an electron with an initial speed of 6.50 x106 m/s is projected along the
axis midway between the deflection plates of a cathode ray tube. The potential
difference between the two plates is 22.0 V and the lower plate is the one at higher
potential.

a) What is the force (magnitude) on the electron when it is between the plates? b) What
is the acceleration of the electron when acted on by the force in part (a)? c) How far
below the axis has the electron moved when it reaches the end of the plates? d) At what
angle with the axis is it moving as it leaves the plates?
e) How far below the axis will it strike the fluorescent screen S?
120. Protons are projected with an initial speed vo = 9550 m/s into a region where a uniform
electric field of magnitude E = 720 N/C is present (Fig.below). The protons are to hit a
target that lies a horizontal distance of 1.27 mm from the point where the protons are
launched.

Find (a) the two projection angles �� that will result in a hit and
(b) the total duration of flight for each of the two trajectories.
121. A small sphere of charge 0.80 ��C hangs from the end of a spring as in Fig (a).
When another small sphere of charge -0.60 µC is held beneath the first sphere as in
Fig (b), the spring stretches by d = 3.50 cm from its original length and reaches a new
equilibrium position with a separation between the charges of r = 5.00 cm. What is the
force constant of the spring?
122. Two point-like charges carrying charges of +3 x 10 -9 C and -5 x 10-9 C are 2m apart. Determine
the magnitude of the force between them and state whether it is attractive or repulsive. 123. (a) What
is the force between the two point charges? (q1= +12×10-9 C, q2= -18×10-9 C) in figure

b)Suppose q1 and q2 are connected by a conducting wire. Now what is force? 124. What is
the total force and direction on q3= 5C from q2=-2C and q1=3C? Consider figure

125. A spherical ball with charge q1 is attached at the end of a string and suspended at the ceiling as
shown below. If a second sphere of charge q2 is placed a distance 0.150m from q1, the first
sphere q1 is pulled and makes an angle with the verticle. What is the angle and tension in the
string? At the end of the string the mass is m = 8.0×10-2kg and the charges are q1 = 0.6×10-6C
and q2 = -0.9×10-6 C.

126. (a) Calculate the electric potential 0.250 cm

from an electron.
(b) What is the electric potential difference between two points that are 0.250 cm and 0.750 cm
from an electron?
127. The two charges in Figure below are separated by d =2.00cm.

Find the electric potential at

(a) point A
(b) point B, which is halfway between the charges.

128. A proton is released from rest at the origin in a uniform electric field in the positive x direction
with magnitude 850 N/C. What is the change in the electric potential energy of the proton–field
system when the proton travels to x = 2.50 m? (choose the correct alternative) (a) 3.4x10 -16J (b)
-3.4x10-16J (c) 2.5x10-16J (d) -2.5x10-16J (e) -1.6x10-19J
129. How much work is required to assemble eight identical charged particles, each of magnitude q,
at the corners of a cube of side s?
130. Calculate the electric potential at a point p, 6m from a charge of 4���� and the potential
energy of a 2���� charge placed at point p
131. As shown in Figure 10.8.3 (a) , a charge ��1 = 2.0���� is located at the origin and
a charge ��2 = −6.0���� is located at (0, 3.00) m.

a) b)
Figure 10.18:
(a) Find the total electric potential due to these charges at the point P, whose coordinates are
(4.00,0) m.
(b) Find the change in potential energy of the system of two charges plus a third charge ��3 =
3.0���� as the latter charge moves from infinity to point P (Fig. b).

132. An electron moving with velocity 107ms-1, enters midway two horizontal plates p and q in a
direction parallel to the plates as shown below
 The length of the plates is 5cm and their separation is 2cm. if p.d of 90v is applied between the
plates, calculate, the transverse deflection produced by the electric field when the electron just
��⁄ 11 −1
passes the field ( �� = 1.8��10 ������ )
133. An electron with velocity 3x107ms-1, enters a uniform electric field at right angle to the lines of
force. If the field is produced by applying a p.d 0f 500v between two parallel plates 6cm long
and 2cm apart. At what angle will the electron leave the uniform electric field at the end of the
��⁄ 11 −1
parallel plates ( �� = 1.8��10 ������ )

134. a) define electric potential and electric field intensity

b) What is the relation between electric potential and electric field intensity?
c) Three point charges of +6.4µC, -6.4µC and +3.2µC are arranged in line figure 10.26. Find
the electric field intensity at P

135. State coulomb’s law of electrostatics

136. Point charges having values +5µC ,+10µC and -10µC are placed in air at the corners A,B and
C of an equilateral triangle ABC having each side equal to 5cm. find the resultant force on the
charge at A
137. Two identical charged spheres are suspended by strings of equal length. The strings make an
angle of 300 with each other. When suspended in a liquid of density 800kgm -3, the angle
remains the same. What is the dielectric constant of the liquid? If the density of the material of
the sphere is 1600kgm-3
138. Three point charges of +8x10 -9C , +32x10-9 and +24x10-9 are placed at the corners A, B, C, of
the square ABCD of side 4cm as shown below , find the electric field intensity at the corner D
(assume that the medium is air )

139. A cube of side a, has charge q, at each of its vertices. Find the potential and electric field
 intensity due to these at the center of the cube
140. An electron and a proton are each placed at rest in a uniform electric field of magnitude 520
N/C. Calculate the speed of each particle 48.0 ns after being released .
141. Two horizontal metal plates, each 10.0 cm square, are aligned 1.00 cm apart with one above the
other. They are given equal-magnitude charges of opposite sign so that a uniform downward
electric field of 2.00 x 103 N/C exists in the region between them. A particle of mass 2.00 x 10 -
16
kg and with a positive charge of 1.00 x 10-6 C leaves the center of the bottom negative plate
with an initial speed of 1.00 x105 m/s at an angle of 370 above the horizontal.
(a) Describe the trajectory of the particle.
(b) Which plate does it strike?
(c) Where does it strike, relative to its starting point?
142. A uniform electric field of magnitude 375 N/C pointing in the positive x-direction acts on
an electron, which is initially at rest. After the electron has moved 3.20 cm, what is; (a) the
work done by the field on the electron,
(b) the change in potential energy associated with the electron,
(c) the velocity of the electron?

143. A proton is released from rest in a uniform electric field of magnitude 385 N/C. Find
(a) the electric force on the proton,
(b) the acceleration of the proton
(c) the distance it travels in 2.00 µs.

144. An electron is at the origin.

(a) Calculate the electric potential VA at point A, = 0.250 cm.
(b) Calculate the electric potential VB at point B, x = 0.750 cm. What is the potential
difference VB – VA?
(c) Would a negatively charged particle placed at point A necessarily go through this same
potential difference upon reaching point B? Explain.

145.The two charges in Figure P16.12 are separated by d = 2.00 cm.

146. Find the electric potential at;

(a) point A
(b) point B, which is halfway between the charges.
147. (a) Find the electric potential, taking zero at infinity, at the upper right corner (the corner
without a charge) of the rectangle in Figure P16.13. (b) Repeat if the 2.00-µC charge is
replaced with a charge of 22.00 µC.
148. A small plastic ball of mass m = 2.00 g is suspended by a string of length L = 20.0 cm
in a uniform electric field, as shown in Figure below.

a.
If the ball is in equilibrium when the string makes a �� = 15�� angle with the
vertical as indicated, what is the net charge on the ball?
149. Protons are projected with an initial speed vo = 9550 m/s into a region where a uniform
electric field of magnitude E = 720 N/C is present (Fig.below). The protons are to hit a
target that lies a horizontal distance of 1.27 mm from the point where the protons are
launched.

Find
(a) the two projection angles �� that will result in a hit and
(b) the total duration of flight for each of the two trajectories.
150. A small sphere of charge 0.80 ��C hangs from the end of a spring as in Fig (a). When
another small sphere of charge -0.60 µC is held beneath the first sphere as in Fig (b),
the spring stretches by d = 3.50 cm from its original length and reaches a new
equilibrium position with a separation between the charges of r = 5.00 cm. What is the
force constant of the spring?
a)
151. Three point charges are located at the corners of an equilateral triangle as in Fig below.
Find the magnitude and direction of the net electric force on the 2.00 ��C charge.

a.
152. a) State Coulomb’s law of electrostatics
a) Define the terms;
i. Relative permittivity
ii. Electric field intensity
153. a)Point charges having values +5µC ,+10µC and -10µC are placed in air at the corners
A,B and C of an equilateral triangle ABC having each side equal to 5cm. find the
resultant force on the charge at A
154. Three point charges of +8x10-9C , +3x10-9 and +24x10-9 are placed at the corners A, B,
C, of the square ABCD of side 4cm as shown below , find the electric field intensity at
the corner D (assume that the medium is air )

155.Three point charges are located on a circular arc as shown below.

(a) What is the total electric potential at P, the center of the arc?
(b) Find the electric potential energy that would be possessed by a 25.00 µC charge placed at
P.
156. Three point charges are aligned along the x-axis as shown in Fig below. Find the
electric field intensity at the position x = +2.0 m, y = 0.

a)
157. A spherical ball with charge q1 = 0.6×10-6C and mass , m = 8.0×10-2kg is attached at the
end of a string and suspended at the ceiling as shown below. If a second sphere of charge q2 =
-0.9×10-6 C is placed a distance 0.150m from q1, the first sphere q1 is pulled and makes an
angle with the vertical. What is the angle and tension in the string?

(a) 158. Three charges are at the corners of an equilateral

triangle, as shown in Figure below. Calculate the electric field at a point midway between the
two charges on the x-axis.
 (4mks)
159. Define electric potential at a point (1 mk)
160. a) Two point charges ��1 = +5.0 ���� and ��2 = −3.0 ���� are separated by
35.0 cm. What is the electric potential at a point midway between the charges? (2 mks)
b) What is the potential energy of the pair of charges? What is the significance of the algebraic
sign of your answer? (3 mks)
161. Define the term satellite and give one example of a natural satellite (1mk) 162. A 600-kg
satellite is in a circular orbit about Earth at a height above Earth equal to Earth’s mean radius.
Find;
i) the satellite’s orbital speed (3 mks)
ii) the period of its revolution (2.5 mks)
iii)the gravitational force acting on it. (2.5 mks)
iv) the potential energy associated with satellite (3 mks)

163. Give one difference and one similarity between Newton’s law of gravitation and Coulomb’s
law of electrostatics (2 mks)
164. State the first law of thermodynamics (1 mk)
165. Define the term molar principle specific heat capacity at constant volume and state its S.I units
A cylinder contains 4moles of oxygen gas at a temperature of 27 0C, the cylinder is provided
with a frictionless piston , which maintains a constant pressure of 1.0x10 5Pa , the gas is heated
until its temperature increases to 127 0C [Cp=29.4Jmol-1K-1, gas constant R=8.31Jmol-1K-1] a)
Calculate the amount of heat supplied to the gas (3 mks)
b) What is the change in the internal energy of the gas? (3 mks)
c) The work done by the gas (3 mks)
166. a) state the conditions necessary for a body to be in equilibrium (3mks) b)You open a
restaurant and hope to entice customers by hanging out a signpost (Fig below.

167. The uniform horizontal beam supporting the signpost is 1.50 m long, has a mass of 12.0
kg, and is hinged to the wall. The sign itself is uniform with a mass of 28.0 kg and
overall length of 1.20 m. The two wires supporting the sign are each 32.0 cm long, are
90.0 cm apart, and are equally spaced from the middle of the sign. The cable supporting
 the beam is 2.00 m long.
(a) What minimum tension must your cable be able to support without having your sign
come crashing down? (5mks)
(b) What minimum vertical force must the hinge be able to support without pulling out of
the wall? (4mks)
168. a) Two forces, ��⃗1 and ��⃗2 , act on the 7.00-kg block shown in the figure
below. The magnitudes of the forces are F1 =59.0 N and F2 = 33.0 N. What is the
horizontal acceleration (magnitude and direction) of the block?

(3mks) b) It takes 185 kJ of work to accelerate a car from

23.0 m/s to 28.0 m/s. What is the car’s mass? (3mks)
c) An object of mass 3.00 kg is subject to a force Fx that varies with position as in

Figure below;
Find the work done by the force on the object as it moves;
(i) from x = 0 to x = 5.00 m (2mks) (ii) from x = 5.00 m to x = 10.0 m (2mks) iii) If
the object has a speed of 0.500 m/s at x = 0, find its speed at x = 5.00 m. (2mks) 169.
Distinguish between fossil fuels and non-fossil fuels.
170. Name any three sources of energy in Rwanda.
171. The sun is the primary source of energy in the world. Explain.
172. State the principle of conservation of energy.
173. With the aid of diagrams, explain how electricity is produced by a hydroelectric power plant.
174. A soccer player kicks a rock horizontally off a 40.0-m high cliff into a pool of water. If
the player hears the sound of the splash 3.00 s later, what was the initial speed given to the
rock? Assume the speed of sound in air to be 343 m/s.
175. A ball on the end of a string is revolved at a uniform rate in a vertical circle of radius 72.0 cm. If
its speed is 4.00 m/s and its mass is 0.300 kg, calculate the tension in the string when the ball
is (a) at the top of its path, and (b) at the bottom of its path. 6 MKS
176. A 22-g puck hits the wall of an air hockey table perpendicular to the wall with an initial
speed of 14 m/s. The puck is in contact with the wall for 0.0055 s, and it rebounds from
the wall with a speed of 14 m/s in the opposite direction. What is the magnitude of the
average force exerted by the wall on the puck?
177. i) Derive an expression for the effective resistance of three resistors R 1,R2 and R3 connected in
parallel across a battery of emf (E) and negligible internal resistance (3 mks)
178. Give one advantage of connecting resistors in parallel compared to series connection(1 mk)
179. State Kirchhoff’s law of electrical circuits (2 mks)
180. The ammeter shown in Figure below reads 2.00 A. Find I1, I2, and ��. (6

mks)
181. i) Derive an expression for the effective resistance of three resistors R 1,R2 and R3 connected in
parallel across a battery of emf (E) and negligible internal resistance (3 mks)
ii) Give one advantage of connecting resistors in parallel compared to series connection(1 mk)
182. a)State Kirchhoff’s laws of electrical circuits (2marks) b)For the circuit shown
in Figure below

183.
Calculate:
(a) The current in the 2.0-Ω resistor (5marks) (b) The potential difference
between points a and b, ∆�� = ���� − ���� (3marks) (c) Which of the
points �� and �� has the highest potential? (1mark) 184. a) state
Kirchhoff’s laws of electrical circuits
b) Calculate each of the unknown currents I1, I2, and I3 for the

circuit.
185. a) A generator of internal resistance 2Ω sends current of 4A in a resistor of resistance
10Ω. Calculate its power.
b) Consider the circuit shown in Figure below
 i. Calculate the equivalent resistance of the circuit
ii. Calculate the total current in the circuit.
iii. What is the voltage drop across the 2.0 Ω resistor?
iv. Find the voltage across the 3.0 Ω resistor.
v. Calculate the current in the 3.0 Ω resistor.
186. Use Kirchhoff’s laws of electric current or otherwise to find the currents in the different
branches of the circuit. 6 MKS

187. i) Derive an expression for the effective resistance of three resistors R 1,R2 and R3 connected in
parallel across a battery of emf (E) and negligible internal resistance (3 mks)
188. Give one advantage of connecting resistors in parallel compared to series connection (1 mk)
189. A basketball player who is 2.00 m tall is standing on the floor 10.0 m from the basket,
as in Figure below. If he shoots the ball at a 45.0° angle with the horizontal, at what initial
speed must he throw so that it goes through the hoop without striking the backboard? The
basket height is 3.05 m
190. a) State the conditions under which a rigid body is in equilibrium. b) A uniform
horizontal beam with a length of 10m and weight 500N is attached to the wall by a pin
connection. Its far end is supported by a cable that makes an angle of 60° with the
beam. If a 750N person stands on the beam and 2.5m from the wall, find the tension in
the cable as well as the magnitude and direction of the force exerted by the wall on the
beam.
191. Two balls P and Q travelling in the same line in opposite directions with speeds 6m/s
and 15m/s respectively make a perfect inelastic collision. If the masses of P and Q are 8kg
and 5kg respectively, find the Final velocity of P and Change in kinetic energy.
192. a) State the conditions under which a rigid body is in equilibrium. b) A uniform
horizontal beam with a length of 10m and weight 500N is attached to the wall by a pin
connection. Its far end is supported by a cable that makes an angle of 60° with the
beam. If a 750N person stands on the beam and 2.5m from the wall, find the tension in
the cable as well as the magnitude and direction of the force exerted by the wall on the
beam.
193. a) Define vector and scalar quantities and give one example of each. b) A body M of
mass 6kg is acted on by forces of 5N, 20N, 25N and 30N as shown in figure below.
Find the acceleration of M.

194. A ball of mass 400g is dropped from height h=2.8m above the floor. It rebounds
vertically to a height of 1.2m after colliding with the floor.
195. Find the momentum of the ball immediately before it collides with the floor and
immediately after it rebounds.
196. Determine the average force exerted by the floor on the ball. Assume the interval of the
collision in 0.025s.
197. A ball of mass 400g is dropped from height h=2.8m above the floor. It rebounds
vertically to a height of 1.2m after colliding with the floor.
i. Find the momentum of the ball immediately before it collides with the floor and
immediately after it rebounds.
ii. Determine the average force exerted by the floor on the ball. Assume the
interval of the collision in 0.025s.
iii. Calculate the coefficient of restitution
198. A 75 kg roofer climbs a vertical 7.0 m ladder to the flat roof of a house. He then walks
12 m on the roof, climbs down another vertical 7.0 m ladder, and finally walks on the
ground back to his starting point.
(a) How much work is done on him by gravity:
(i) as she climbs up;
(ii) as she climbs down;
(iii) as she walks on the roof and on the ground?
(b) What is the total work done on him by gravity during this round trip? (c) On the basis of
your answer to part (b), would you say that gravity is a conservative or non-conservative
force? Explain
199. a) State the conditions under which a rigid body is in equilibrium. 200. b) A uniform
horizontal beam with a length of 10m and weight 500N is attached to the wall by a pin
connection. Its far end is supported by a cable that makes an angle of 60° with the beam. If
a 750N person stands on the beam and 2.5m from the wall, find; i) the tension in the cable
ii) the magnitude and direction of the force exerted by the wall on the beam. 201.
Three objects are connected on a table as shown in Fig. The coefficient of kinetic friction
between the block of mass m2 and the table is 0.350. The objects have masses of m1 = 4.00
kg, m2 = 1.00 kg, and m3 = 2.00 kg as shown, and the pulleys are frictionless.
(a) Draw a diagram of the forces on each object.
(b) Determine the acceleration of each object, including its direction.
(c) Determine the tensions in the two cords.

(15marks)
202. Calculate the magnitudes FA and FB of the tensions in the two cords that are connected
to the vertical cord supporting the 200 kg chandelier in the figure.

(5marks)
203. A uniform wooden lath AB, 120cm long and weighing 1.2N rests on two sharp-edged
supports C and D placed 10cm from each end of the lath respectively. A 0.2N weight
hangs at a point 30cm from A and a 0.9N weight hangs similarly 40cm from B. Find
the reaction at the supports. (10marks)
204. A 2.00-m-tall basketball player is standing on the floor 10.0 m from the basket, as in
Fig.

If he shoots the ball at a 40.0° angle with the horizontal, the height of the basket is 3.05
m. At what initial speed must he throw the basketball so that it goes through the hoop
without striking the backboard?
205. A cylinder with a piston contains one mole of gas at a pressure of 1.0x10 5Pa and temperature of
300K. The gas is heated at constant pressure until its volume doubles. it is then compressed
isothermally back to its original volume and finally it is cooled at constant volume to its
original state
i) represent the above processes on a p-v diagram
ii) calculate the work done by the gas in the cycle (R=8.31Jmol -1K-1)

206. a) state the conditions necessary for a body to be in equilibrium (3mks) 207. You
open a restaurant and hope to entice customers by hanging out a signpost (Fig below.

The uniform horizontal beam supporting the signpost is 1.50 m long, has a mass of 12.0
kg, and is hinged to the wall. The sign itself is uniform with a mass of 28.0 kg and
overall length of 1.20 m. The two wires supporting the sign are each 32.0 cm long, are
90.0 cm apart, and are equally spaced from the middle of the sign. The cable supporting
the beam is 2.00 m long.
(a) What minimum tension must your cable be able to support without having your
sign come crashing down? (5mks)
(b) What minimum vertical force must the hinge be able to support without pulling
out of the wall? (4mks)
208. a i) Define the term work done (1mark)
ii) A weight lifter lifts a 350N set of weights from ground level to a position over his
head, a vertical distance of 2.0m. How much work does the weight lifter do, assuming he
moves the weights at constant speed? (3marks)
209.b. i) Define the term power (1mark) 210.ii) A train of mass 240 000 kg travels up a slope
inclined at an angle of 40 to the horizontal. There is a constant resistance of magnitude 18
000N acting on the train. At an instant when the speed of the train is 15ms−1 its deceleration
is 0.2ms−2. Find the power of the engine of the train. (4marks)

211.An 80.0-kg skydiver jumps out of a balloon at an altitude of 1000 m and opens his
parachute at an altitude of 200 m.
(a) Assuming the total retarding force on the skydiver is constant at 50.0 N with the
parachute closed and constant at 3600 N with the parachute open, find the speed
of the skydiver when he lands on the ground. (3marks)
(b) At what height should the parachute be opened so that the final speed of the
skydiver when he hits the ground is 5.0 m/s? (3marks)

212.A toy cannon use a spring to project a 5.30-g soft rubber ball. The spring is originally
compressed by 5.0 cm and has a force constant of 8.0N/m. When the cannon is fired, the
ball moves 15.0 cm through the horizontal barrel of the cannon, and the barrel exerts a
constant friction force of 0.032 N on the ball;
(a) With what speed does the ball leave the barrel of the cannon? (3marks)
(b) At what point does the ball have maximum speed? (1mark)
(c) What is this maximum speed? (3marks)

213. a i) State the work energy theorem (1mark)

b) The driver of a 1000 kg car traveling at a speed of 16.7 m/s applies the car‘s brakes
when he sees a red robot. The car‘s brakes provide a frictional force of 8000 N.
Determine the stopping distance of the car. (3marks)
c)A body of mass 2 kg moving initially with velocity 2 ms-1 is acted up on by a horizontal
force of 6 N for 2 s, find:
i. Impulse given to the body (3marks)
ii. Final speed of the body (3marks)

214. a i) Define momentum. (1mark)

ii) I have 2 marbles. Marble 1 has mass 60 g and marble 2 has mass 100 g. I roll marble 2
along the ground towards a stationary marble 1 with a velocity of 3ms-1 in the positive x
direction. After elastic collision, both marbles are moving. What is the final velocity of
each marble? (4marks)
215. a) Distinguish between inelastic collision and perfectly inelastic collision (2mrks) b) Two
shuffleboard disks of equal mass, A and B, are involved in a perfectly elastic glancing collision.
The disk B is initially at rest and is struck by the disk A moving initially to the right at 5.00 m/s
as in Figure (a). After the collision, disk A moves in a direction that makes an angle of 37.0° with
the horizontal axis while disk B makes an angle of 53.0° with this axis as in Figure (b).
Determine the speed of each disk after the collision.
216. (4mks)

217. A model rocket engine has an average thrust of 5.26 N. It has an initial mass of 25.5 g,
which includes fuel mass of 12.7 g. The duration of burning all its fuel is 1.90 s. a)
What is the average exhaust speed of the engine? (3marks) b) This engine is placed in
a rocket body of mass 53.5 g. What is the final velocity of the rocket if it were to be
fired from rest in outer space by an astronaut on a spacewalk? Assume the fuel burns
at a constant rate.
218.A stone is thrown from the top of a building upwards an angle of 300 to the horizontal
with an initial velocity of 20ms-1. If the height of the building is 45m
i) How long does it take the stone to reach the ground?
j) Find the velocity of the stone just before it strikes the ground (magnitude and
direction)
219.A ball on the end of a string is revolved at a uniform rate in a vertical circle of radius 72.0 cm, as
shown on figure below. If its speed is 4.00 m/s and its mass is 0.300 kg, calculate the tension in
the string when the ball is (a) at the top of its path, and (b) at the bottom of its path

220.A basketball player who is 2.00 m tall is standing on the floor 10.0 m from the basket, as
in Figure below. If he shoots the ball at a 45.0° angle with the horizontal, at what initial
speed must he throw so that it goes through the hoop without striking the backboard? The
basket height is 3.05 m.
 (a)
221. A car travels around a bend on a rough road which is a circular arc of radius 62.5m. The road is
−1 5
banked at tan 12 to the horizontal. If the coefficient of friction between the tyres of the car and
the surface of the road is 0.4 calculate the greatest speed at which the car can be driven around the
bend without slipping.

222. Two forces acting in the x-y plane are acting on a point. The first force is 100 N at an angle of 0 0.
The second force is 50 N acting at an angle of 60o. What is the resultant force? 223. Two objects with
masses of 3.00 kg and 5.00 kg are connected by a light string that passes over a frictionless pulley, as
in Figure.

Determine:

(a) the tension in the string,

(b) the acceleration of each object
(c) the distance each object will move in the first second of motion if both objects
start from rest.
224. The horizontal beam in Figure below weighs 150 N, and its center of gravity is at its geometric
center. Find:
(a) the tension in the cable
(b) the horizontal and vertical components of the force exerted on the beam at the wall.
225. a) State Newton’s law of universal gravitation
b) State Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
226. Calculate the gravitational force if two masses are 50kg and 65kg and they are separated by a
distance 5m?
227. a) Determine the dimensions (in terms of M, L and T) of the gravitational constant G.
b)Using Newton’s law of gravitation show that ��2 ∝ ��3 where T is period of
revolution of a planet and R the mean distance between the sun and planet
228. Calculate the gravitational field if the gravitational force and mass of a substance are 10N and
3kg respectively?
229. An object of mass 50kg rests on a horizontal table, if the acceleration due to gravity at the place is
9.8N/kg find the weight of the object
230. Find the potential energy of a body of mass 5 kg and is 25 m above from the
ground? 231. a) Define velocity of escape
232. A space vehicle is launched vertically upward from the Earth’s surface with an initial speed of
8.76 km/s, which is less than the escape speed of 11.2 km/s. What maximum height does it attain? 233.
A space satellite of mass 100 kg is launched in a circular orbit at a height of 12800 m above the
Earth’s surface;
i. Find the period of the satellite
ii. Calculate the mechanical energy of the satellite
234. A projectile is fired vertically from the surface of the earth. Calculate the minimum speed
required for the projectile to escape completely from the earth’s gravitational force 235.a) A 4.0L
sample of a diatomic ideal gas with specific heat ratio 1.40, confined to a cylinder, is carried
through a closed cycle. The gas is initially at 1.00 atm and at 300 K. First, its pressure is
tripled under constant volume. Then, it expands adiabatically to its original pressure.
Finally, the gas is compressed isobarically to its original volume. (i) Draw a PV diagram of
this cycle. (2mrks) (ii) Determine the volume of the gas at the end of the adiabatic expansion.
(2mrks) (iii) Find the temperature of the gas at the start of the adiabatic expansion. (2mrks)
(iv) Find the temperature at the end of the cycle. (1mrk) (v) What was the net work done on
the gas for this cycle? (5mrks) b) A heat engine operating between 200°C and 80.0°C
achieves 20.0% of the maximum possible efficiency. What energy input will enable the
engine to perform 10.0 kJ of work? (3mrks)
236. Define the term satellite and give one example of a natural satellite (1mk) 237. A 600-kg
satellite is in a circular orbit about Earth at a height above Earth equal to Earth’s mean radius. Find;
i. the satellite’s orbital speed (3 mks)
ii. the period of its revolution (2.5 mks)
iii. the gravitational force acting on it. (2.5 mks)
iv. the potential energy associated with satellite (3 mks)
238. Give one difference and one similarity between Newton’s law of gravitation and Coulomb’s law
of electrostatics (2 mks)
239. State the first law of thermodynamics (1 mk)
240. Define the term molar principle specific heat capacity at constant volume and state its S.I
units 241. a) State the conditions under which a rigid body is in equilibrium.
b) A uniform horizontal beam with a length of 10m and weight 500N is attached to the wall by a
pin connection. Its far end is supported by a cable that makes an angle of 60° with the beam. If a
750N person stands on the beam and 2.5m from the wall, find;
i. the tension in the cable
ii. the magnitude and direction of the force exerted by the wall on the beam. 242. A uniform
wooden lath AB, 120cm long and weighing 1.2N rests on two sharp-edged supports C and D placed
10cm from each end of the lath respectively. A 0.2N weight hangs at a point 30cm from A and a 0.9N
weight hangs similarly 40cm from B. Find the reaction at the supports. 243. Two packing crates of
masses 10.0 kg and 5.0 kg are connected by a light string that passes over a frictionless pulley as in
Figure.

The 5.0kg crate lies on a smooth incline of angle 40.0°. Find;

i. the acceleration of the 5.00 kg crate
ii. the tension in the string.