ISLAMIC RELIGION II

The basic sources of islam

In Islam, There are three main sources of Islam, namely: Al-Qur'an Sunnah
(Hadith) and ijtihad Here's an explanation:
1. Al Quran
The Quran is the word of Allah revealed to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The
Qur'an is also a strong proof or argument for the Prophet Muhammad in
conveying apostolic treatises and guidelines for human life as well as the laws that
must be implemented. This is to realize the happiness of life in the world and the
hereafter and to get closer to Allah SWT.
The Qur'an as the WORD of Allah SWT can be proven by the inability or weakness
possessed by humans to make it a match, even though humans are smart people.
In Surah Al Isra verse 88, Allah says:
‫ْض‬ ُ ‫ت ااْل ِ ْنسُ َو ْال ِج ُّن ع َٰلٓى اَ ْن يَّْأتُوْ ا بِ ِم ْث ِل ٰه َذا ْالقُرْ ٰا ِن اَل يَْأتُوْ نَ بِ ِم ْثلِ ٖه َولَوْ َكانَ بَ ْع‬
ٍ ‫ضهُ ْم لِبَع‬ ِ ‫قُلْ لَّ ِٕى ِن اجْ تَ َم َع‬
‫ظ ِه ْي ًر‬َ

“Say, “If humankind and demonkind came together to produce the like of this
Quran, they could never produce the like of it, even if they helped each other.”."
2. Hadith
All Muslims have agreed and argued and acknowledged that the words, deeds
and approval of the Prophet Muhammad SAW are the second source of Islamic
law after the Qur'an. There are many verses in the Qur'an that command to obey
rasulullah as the word of Allah SWT in Q.S Ali Imran verse 32:
َ‫قُلْ اَ ِط ْيعُوا هّٰللا َ َوال َّرسُوْ َل ۚ فَاِ ْن تَ َولَّوْ ا= فَاِ َّن هّٰللا َ اَل ي ُِحبُّ ْال ٰكفِ ِر ْين‬
“Say, “Obey God and obey the Messenger.” If they turn away — God doesn’t love
the unbelievers.."
Al-Hadith as a second source of law functions as a reinforcer, as a giver of
information, as a general pentakhsis, and makes new laws whose provisions are
not in the Qur'an. The laws established by the Prophet Muhammad SAW were
sometimes based on guidance (inspiration) from Allah SWT, and sometimes they
came from ijtihad.
3.ijtihad
ijtihad, it means to be serious in pouring out one's thoughts. Meanwhile,
according to the term ijtihad is to devote all energy and mind seriously to
establish a law. Ijtihat can be done when there is a problem whose law is not
contained in the Qur'an and hadith. So you can use ijtihad by using your mind, but
still referring to the Qur'an and hadith. Ijtihad is the source of Islamic law after the
Qur'an and hadith. When doing ijtihad, it must not conflict with the Qur'an and
hadith. There are three forms of ijtihad, namely: Ijma Ijma is an agreement and
determination to carry out something. Ijma is done to formulate a law
that is not specifically mentioned in the Qur'an and hadith. Qiyas Qiyas is to
equate the law of a matter that has no legal standing with an old problem that
has existed for the same reason. Maslahah mursalah Maslahah mursalah is a way
of establishing the law. Where based on considerations of usability and benefits.

AL QURAN IS THE WAY OF LIFE

Al quran for Muslims is a way of life, the source of all laws that must be followed
in their lives. Any rules and opinions or fatwas of any scholars must not contradict
the Qur'an. And if there is a difference of opinion among Muslims, including the
opinion of the scholars, they must return to the Koran so that Muslims do not
blame each other.
The Qur'an as a way of life provides complete instructions for the rules of human
life that can create a comfortable, happy and prosperous life. The most core rule
is the obligation to each individual to maintain the safety of religion, Allah's
religion, soul (life), intellect, lineage, and property. This is explained by the verse
of the Qur'an itself.
ٍ ‫س َوبَيِّ ٰن‬
‫ت ِّمنَ ا ْل ُه ٰدى َوا ْلفُ ْرقَا ۚ ِن‬ ِ ‫ي اُ ْن ِز َل فِ ْي ِه ا ْلقُ ْر ٰانُ ُهدًى لِّلنَّا‬
ْٓ ‫ضانَ الَّ ِذ‬
َ ‫ش ْه ُر َر َم‬
َ
"The month of Ramadan, the month in which the Qur'an was sent down as a
guide for mankind and explanations for that guidance and the difference
between right and wrong." (Surat al-Baqarah: 185

THE STATUS OF IJTIHAD IN ISLAMIIC RELIGION

The position of ijtihad can be said to be parallel to other Islamic laws, namely the
Qur'an and sunnah. With the existence of ijtihad, it is hoped that Islam can
become a religion that is dynamic and flexible in accordance with the dynamics of
the times. The word "Ijtihad" comes from the Arabic language, namely "Ijtihada
Yajtahidu Ijtihadan" which means exerting all abilities in bearing the burden. In
other words, Ijtihad is carried out when there is a difficult job to do.
The functions of ijtihad in Islam are:
al-ruju' (return): to return Islamic teachings to the Qur'an and sunnah from all
interpretations that are less relevant
al-ihya (life): reviving parts of the values and the spirit of Islam to be able to
answer the challenges of the times.
al-inabah (improvement): fulfills Islamic teachings that have been ijtihad by
previous scholars and it is possible for errors to occur according to the context of
the times and conditions faced.
Therefore, in terms of the function of ijtihad as a source of Islamic law, ijtihad has
a position and legality in Islam. Even so, ijtihad cannot be done by just anyone,
meaning that only certain people, who meet special requirements, can perform
ijtihad. Some of these conditions include:

- Have broad and deep knowledge

- Have a good understanding, be it Arabic, the science of interpretation, fiqh
proposals, and dates (history)

- Knowing how to istinbat (formulation) of the law and do qiyas,

- Have a good character.

In essence, the function of ijtihad as a source of Islamic law is very important for
the lives of Muslims in an increasingly developing life. As the third source of law
after the Qur'an and Hadith, of course, a mujahid who will ijtihad cannot be
arbitrary. Because the function of ijtihad as a source of Islamic law will affect all
Muslims in the world