LODGING

ACCOMMODATIONS
 History of Lodging
. THE CODE OF HAMMURABI, DATING BACK TO ABOUT 1800 B.C., MADE A REFERENCE TO “TAVERN KEEPING,” ANOTHER TERM USED
FOR INNKEEPING IN THAT DAY.

THE ROMANS BUILT AN EXTENSIVE SYSTEM OF PAVED ROADS AND INCLUDED WAY STATIONS AND INNS AT REGULAR INTERVALS
ALONG THE WAY. DURING THE MIDDLE AGES IN EUROPE, RELIGIOUS PILGRIMAGES WERE THE PRIMARY REASON FOR TRAVELING,
WITH CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS AND RELIGIOUS ORDERS PROVIDING LODGING FACILITIES.

IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY, MANY EUROPEAN CITIES BECAME CENTERS OF COMMERCE AND CULTURE. AT THE SAME TIME,
INNKEEPING FOR PROFIT BEGAN. WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF STAGECOACH ROUTES CONNECTING MAJOR CITIES, THE FIRST
HOTEL BOOM OCCURRED AS INNS

IN THE AMERICAN COLONIES OF THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES, INNS AND TAVERNS WERE IMPORTANT CENTERS
OF ACTIVITY. AS MEETING PLACES FOR COLONISTS PLANNING TO SEPARATE FROM ENGLAND, THE EARLY INNS WERE SOMETIMES
CALLED CRADLES OF LIBERTY. THE INNS OF COLONIAL AMERICA, CALLED “ORDINARIES” BECAUSE THEY PROVIDED RESPITE FOR
THE ORDINARY PERSON, TYPICALLY PROVIDED THE MIDDAY MEAL OR SUPPER AS PART OF THE OVERNIGHT STAY.

BY THE BEGINNING OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, LODGING ESTABLISHMENTS THAT WERE LARGER AND MORE COMMERCIAL THAN
INNS EMERGED, ALONG WITH THE TERM HOTEL.
 Evolution of motel
Sometimes referred to as “tourist courts,” the first motels were small,
simple affairs, commonly with under 20 units (or guest rooms).

These properties lacked the complex facilities of a hotel and were

generally managed by resident owners with a few paid employees.

Probably more important was the fact that motels offered a location
convenient to the highway. Because the typical guest traveled by car, he or
she could drive toany local destination during the day, returning to the
accommodations in the evening.
 classification of hotels

PRICE

1. Limited Service Hotels - guest rooms only, little or no public space,

low room rates.
2. Select Service Hotels - filling a niche created by guests, limited
food service, scaled-down meeting places, lounge areas, hot
breakfast service, and free internet access. 100 to 200 rooms
3. Full-Service Hotels - wide range facilities and amenities, function
space, at least 1 food and beverage service establishment, Around
272 rooms.
4. Luxury Hotels - 150 to 500 guest rooms, upscale decor and
furnishings, concierge service, several food and drinks
establishments, gourmet fine-dining restaurant, banquet, and full
room service.
 classification of hotels

FUNCTION

1. Convention Hotels - 500 or more guest rooms, extensive meeting and function place, several restaurants,
banquet, room service, and near to convention center.
2. Commercial Hotels - 100 to 500 guest rooms, fewer food and beverage service facilities, limited recreational
amenities, located in downtown areas.
 classification of hotels
MARKET
SEGMENT
1. Executive Conference Centers - fewer than 300 guests
2. Resorts - 200-500 rooms
3. Casino Hotels -
4. Health Spa
5. Vacation Ownership
 classification of hotels
Other
Classifications

1. All suite-hotels
2. Extended Stay Hotels
3. Historic Conversions
4. Bed and Breakfast Inns
5. Boutique Hotels
HOTEL & LODGING
OPERATIONS
major functional departments
1. Front Office
2. Housekeeping
3. Telecommunications
4. Uniformed Staff Service
a. Bell Staff
b. Valet
c. Gift Shop Operator
5. Security

 food and beverage operations

1. Banquet
2. Food Production
3. Sanitation and Utility
4. Leased Restaurants

Staff and Support Departments

1. Sales and Marketing

2. Accounting
3. Human Resources
4. Engineering
conditions of competitor
1. Fragmented Market
2. Cyclical Market
3. Cost Structure
4. Securitization
5. Technological Revolution
 marketing mix

Product Price Place Promotion

guest rooms varies from location of a marketing

amenities different service property activities
services offered level
 other facilities

1. The Concierge
2. Fitness Facilities
3. Spa Programs
4. Business Centers