INTERNSHIP REPORT

A STUDY ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE

AT SEA WALKER EXPORTERS

DEPARTMENT OF B.VOC LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT

NIRMALA COLLEGE MUVATTUPUZHA

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

BVOC DEGREE COURSE 2020-2023

SEMESTER 4

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

BINNY MATHEWS

SUBMITTED BY

MATHEWS SHAJI

REG NO: 200041000236

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 NIRMALA COLLEGE MUVATTUPUZHA
2022-2023

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “INTERNATIONAL TRADE” submitted
to Mahatma Gandhi University in partial fulfilment of the requirement of degree in Bachelor
of Vocational Studies is a record of original work done by MATHEWS SHAJI under my
supervision and guidance.

Place: Muvattupuzha
Date:

BINNY MATHEWS Signature of External Examiner

Guide and Supervisor

Ms. SOUMYA TK Name of External Examiner:

Head of the Department B. Voc

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3
 DECLARATION

I MATHEWS SHAJI, solemnly declare that this project entitled “INTERNATIONAL

TRADE” in respect to SEA WALKER EXPORTERS is based on the original study
conducted by me and is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of
the degree of Bachelor of Vocational Logistics Management, Mahatma Gandhi University,
Kerala.

Place : Muvattupuzha

Date :

MATHEWS SHAJI

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Let me take this opportunity to thank Almighty for the giving courage and opportunity to do
this study well and also to my parents who provided all their support for completing my
work.

I express my sincere gratitude to my guide, BINNY MATHEWS, for her constant guidance
and support for successful completion of the project work. I would like to extend my
gratitude to Dr. Thomas K.V, The Principal, Nirmala College Muvattupuzha, for granting the
permission to do the internship work.

I express my sincere acknowledgement and gratitude to SEA WALKER EXPORTERS for

granting me the permission to do my project work at their reputed organization.

I express my gratitude to all staff and employees of SEA WALKER EXPORTERS who
helped me along the way to the completion of this study.

I express my wholehearted thanks to all the teaching staff and friends whose co-operation and
support helped me a lot to reach a fruitful stage.

Place: Muvattupuzha MATHEWS SHAJI

Date:

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 CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO.
TOPIC PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 7-9

2 INDUSTRIAL 10-35
PROFILE

3 COMPANY PROFILE 36-38

4 FINDINGS, 39-42
SUGGESTIONS AND
CONCLUSION

43-44
APPENDIX

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

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1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The present study is based on evaluating the policies and activities highlighted by Sea
Walker Exporters.
 This study aims to have a look at the functioning of freight forwarders.
 To understand the role of customs in the export and import of goods.
 To gain knowledge about various documents used for an international trade.
 To understand the export import procedure followed for an international trade.

1.2 NEED OF THE STUDY

To attain knowledge and get expertise in import export policies and customs clearance. This
study helps to improve the process done for export and import of goods & their procedures
for documentation.

1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study will examine the activities of an Import Export company and the role of customs
in international trade of goods. The study will also examines the various documents used in
day to day export and import of goods. In overall the study will make a great impact on
company’s dealings with export policies.

1.4 DATA COLLECTION METHOD

1.4.1 Primary Source

 Implant Training
 Data collected from existing employees

1.4.2 Secondary Source

 Data collected from the Company’s website and other websites.

 Other internship reports

1.4 PERIOD OF STUDY

Internship period started from 19-01-2022 and ended on 14-02-2021

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1.6 LIMITATIONS

 Time constraints
 Limited access to data due to the confidentiality of the company matters.
 Limited knowledge on the subject due to lack of experience to obtain accurate
information.
 Limited access to container freight stations.

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 CHAPTER 2
INDUSTRIAL PROFILE

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2.1 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

International trade is the purchase and sale of goods and services by companies in different
countries. Consumer goods, raw materials, food, and machinery all are bought and sold in
the international marketplace.

International trade allows countries to expand their markets and access goods and services
that otherwise may not have been available domestically. As a result of international trade,
the market is more competitive. This ultimately results in more competitive pricing and
brings a cheaper product home to the consumer.

A product that is sold to the global market is called an export, and a product that is bought
from the global market is an import.

Global trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources—for example, labour,
technology, or capital—more efficiently. Different countries are endowed with different
assets and natural resources: land, labour, capital, technology, etc.

This allows some countries to produce the same good more efficiently; in other words, more
quickly and at a lower cost. Therefore, they may sell it more cheaply than other countries. If
a country cannot efficiently produce an item, it can obtain it by trading with another country
that can. This is known as specialization in international trade.

2.2 BENEFITS OF INTERNATONAL TRADE

More Job Opportunities
Beyond the job opportunities available in a career in international trade, the industry helps to
generate jobs as companies expand their available markets. As the available market grows
and market share increases, naturally manufacturing and service capabilities expand as well.
The end result is more job opportunities are available for the working class.

Expanding Target Markets & Increasing Revenues

As mentioned in the previous benefit, more jobs are created when companies expand their
target markets and demand increases. Beyond job creation, a larger target market allows
companies to run production without the fear of overproduction as any excess products

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produced can be sold internationally. Each country a business adds to their list opens up new
potential for business growth and increased revenue.

Improved Risk Management

In addition to a larger target market size, international trade offers the opportunity for market
diversification. When a company focuses only on the domestic market, there is increased risk
from economic downturns, environmental events, political influence, and many more risk
factors. By becoming less dependent on a singular market, companies reduce the potential
risks associated with their core market.

Greater Variety of Goods Available

Trading internationally provides consumers and countries with the opportunity to purchase
goods and services that are either not available or more expensive to produce in their own
countries. A simple trip to a local supermarket or electronics store will quickly demonstrate
the impact of international trade.

Better Relations Between Countries

The economic interdependence of countries that results from international trade can lead to
strong relationships of cooperation in other areas. When countries engage in a substantial
amount of trade, they are more likely to avoid other areas of conflict between the nations

Enhanced Company Reputation

Trading globally can provide a boost to a company’s reputation within the international
market. When a company has success doing business in one country, it can significantly
influence the success of that company in neighbouring and nearby countries as well. While
difficult to quantify, the rise in company credibility can have a huge impact when targeting an
entire region as opposed to singular countries.

Opportunities to specialize
By participating in international markets, companies may be presented with opportunities to
specialize in a particular area to serve a particular market. When countries cannot efficiently
produce a good or service, they can seek to acquire it through trade with another country.
These opportunities to specialize often lead to greater efficiency in production, higher levels
of innovation, and increased quality of development. This may provide companies with a
long-term competitive advantage and growth in terms of their global market share.

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2.3 LIMITATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Exhaustion of Essential Materials

International trade may result in the exhaustion of essential materials and minerals of a
country. Most of the minerals were exported to other countries. If they had been preserved
they would have brought better returns to the country.

Affects Domestic Industries

International trade may adversely affect the consumption pattern of a country due to the
import of cheaply manufactured and at times harmful commodities. Indian handicrafts
suffered a severe setback through free trade and unrestricted imports of English textiles.

Lopsided Economic Development

Due to the operation of comparative costs, international trade leads to specialization and one
sided economic development which is not conducive to the prosperity of the country.

Evil Effects of Dumping

Sometimes, certain countries use international trade to dump their goods on other countries
with a view to cheapen the value of the latter goods.

Dependence on other Nation

Though it ensures higher standard of living for a nation, it makes the countries dependent on
foreign markets not for raw materials but also for selling the finished products. This
dependence should be reduced or eradicated.

Against national Defence

It is argued that a nation which depends on foreign sources of supply lacks defence during the
war. E.g.: England – during the two world war is cited as a proof. England was blocked by
German submarines, which completely blocked the imports of goods and essential raw
materials.

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7. Instability and Economic Planning
It is a source of economic instability and it stands in the way of national economic planning
for development and growth.

2.4 DOCUMENTS USED IN IMPORT PROCEDURE

Some of the most important documents used in import trade are as follows:

 Indent
 Bill of Lading
 Bill of Entry
 Letter of Credit
 Bill of Sight
 Dock Challan
 Dock Warrant.

1) Indent

An indent is an order placed by an importer with the exporter for the supply of certain goods.

It is usually prepared in duplicate or triplicate. The indent may be of several types like open

indent, closed indent and confirmatory indent.

An indent contains the following information:

(a) Quantity of goods to be imported

(b) Quality of goods

(c) Method of forwarding the goods

(d) Nature of packing

(e) Mode of setting payment

(f) Price to be charged

(g) Sale of delivery

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 2) Bill of Lading

It is an acknowledgement of receipt of goods on board of the ship. It contains terms and

conditions on which the goods are to be taken to the port of destination. The exporter sends

one copy of bill of lading to the importer enabling him to clear the goods from the ship.

Types of Bill of Lading

 Clean Bill of Lading

 Received for Shipment Bill of Lading
 Claused Bill of Lading
 House Bill of Lading
 Master Bill of Lading
 Charter Party Bill of Lading
 Multimodal Transport Document/ Combined Transport Document
 Stale Bill of Lading
 Order Bill of Lading

Clean Bill of Lading

Clean Bill of Lading is issued by the Shipping Company or by its agents without any
declaration on the defective Constitution of the goods/ packages taken on Board/ stuffed in
containers.

Received for Shipment Bill of Lading

Received Bill of Lading is a document that is issued by a carrier as evidence of receipt of

goods for shipment. It is issued prior to the vessel loading and is therefore not an on-board
bill of lading.

Claused Bill of Lading

Claused Bill of Lading is issued when the cargo is damaged or when the quantity goes
missing.

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Container Bill of Lading

Container Bill of Lading is a document that gives information about goods that are delivered
in a safe container or containers from one port to another.

House Bill of Lading

House Bill of Lading is a document generated by an Ocean Transport Intermediary freight

forwarder or non-vessel operating company. The document is an acknowledgement of the
receipt of goods that are shipped, issued to the suppliers when the cargo is received. This Bill
of Lading is also known as Forwarders Bill of Lading.

Master Bill of Lading

Master Bill of Lading is a document that is created for shipping companies by their carriers as
a receipt of transfer. The document specifies the terms that are required for transporting the
freight, details of the consignor or the shipper, the consignee and the respective person who
possess the goods.

Charter Party Bill of Lading

Charter Party Bill of Lading is an agreement between a charterer and a vessel owner. The
document is issued by the charterer of the vessel to the shipper for the goods that are shipped
on board the vessel.

Multi modal Transport Document/ Combined Transport Document

Multi Modal Transport Document or Combined Transport Document is a type of bill of

lading which involves a minimum of two different modes of transport, land or ocean.
However, the modes of transportation can be anything from freight boat to air.

Stale Bill of Lading

Stale Bill of Lading is presented for negotiation after 21 days from the date of shipment or
any other date/ number of days stipulated in the documentary credit.

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Order Bill of Lading

Order Bill of Lading is the bill that expresses words that make the bill negotiable. This
explains that the delivery is to be made to the further order of the consignee using terms such
as ‘delivery to A Limited or to order or assigns.

3) Bill of Entry:
This is a form supplied by the custom office to the importer and is to be filled in triplicate.

The bill of entry contains following particulars:

(a) Name and address of the importer

(b) Name of the ship

(c) Package number

(d) Marks on the package

(e) Description of goods

(f) Quantity and value of goods

(g) Name, address and country of the exporter

(h) Port of destination

(i) Custom duty payable

4) Letter of Credit:
A letter of credit, popularly known as ‘L/C or ‘L.C:’ is an undertaking by the issuer (usually
importer’s bank) that the bills of exchange drawn by the foreign dealer on the importer will
be honoured on presentation up to a specified amount. Letter of credit is needed because
exporter wants to be sure that payments will be made as agreed by the importer.

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 5) Bill of Sight:
If the importer is not in a position to supply the detailed particulars of goods because of
insufficient information supplied by the exporter, he (importer) has to prepare a statement
called ‘bill of sight’. The bill of sight contains only the information possessed by the importer
along-with a remark that he is not in a position to give complete information about the goods.
The bill of sight enables him to open the package and examine the goods in the presence of
custom officer so as to complete the bill of entry.

6) Dock Challan:
It is a form to be filled by the importer or his clearing agent in the dock for payment of dock
charges. Dock charges are paid when all the formalities of the customs are completed. The
goods imported will be delivered only when dock charges are paid.

7) Dock Warrant
A dock warrant is an instrument issued by a ware housekeeper, licensed by the state to traders
who deposit goods with them. A dock warrant certifies that the holder is entitled to goods
imported and warehoused in the docks. It transfers the absolute right to the goods described
in it. A dock warrant is transferred by indorsement and delivery.

2.4 DOCUMENTS USED IN EXPORT PROCEDURE

Some of the most important documents used in export trade are as follows:

 Proforma Invoice
 Customs Packing List
 Country of Origin or COO Certificate
 Commercial Invoice
 Shipping Bill
 Bill of Lading or Airway Bill
 Bill of Sight
 Letter of Credit
 Bill of Exchange
 Export License
 Consular Invoice
 Inspection Certificates

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  Insurance Certificates

1) Proforma Invoice

The Pro Forma Invoice documents the intention of the exporter to sell a predetermined
quantity of goods or products. This invoice is generated as per the outlined terms and
conditions agreed upon between the exporter and the importer, through a recognized medium
of communication such as email, fax, and telephone or in person. It is similar to a ‘Purchase
Order’, which is issued prior to completing the sales transaction.

2) Customs Packing List

The customs packing list states the list of items included in the shipment that can be matched
against the pro forma invoice by any concerned party involved in the transaction. This list is
sent along with the international shipment and is especially convenient for transportation
companies as they know exactly what is being shipped. Individual customs packing lists are
secured outside each individual container to minimize the risk of exporting incorrect cargo
internationally.

3) Country of Origin or COO Certificate

The Country of Origin Certificate is a declaration issued by the exporter that certifies that the
goods being shipped have been completely acquired, produced, manufactured or processed in
a particular country.

4) Commercial Invoice

A commercial invoice is a mandatory document for any export trade. The customs clearance
department will ask for this document first as it contains information about the order,
including details such as description, selling price, quantity, packaging costs, weight or
volume of the goods to determine customs import value at the destination port, freight
insurance, terms of delivery and payment, etc. A customs representative will match this
information with the order and decide whether to clear this for forwarding or not.

5) Export License

Businesses must have an export license that they can provide to customs in order to export or
forward any products. This only needs to be produced when the shipper is exporting goods to
an international destination for the very first time. This type of license may vary depending

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on the type of export you intend to make. This can be done by applying with the licensing
authority, and the permit is eventually issued by the Chief Controller of Exports and Imports.

6) Consular Invoice
A consular invoice is a form available through a consular representative of the country you’re
shipping to and it certifies the shipment of goods. It is not required in every country, but is
used to help many emerging nations facilitate customs and collection of taxes.

7) Inspection Certificate
These inspections are usually done with industrial equipment, perishable merchandise and
meat products. It certifies the items were received in good condition and that the shipment
contained the correct quantity.

2.5 CONTAINER FREIGHT STATIONS (CFS)

A CFS is an area, typically a warehouse near shipping ports or crucial railway hubs. These
container freight stations are either owned by private stakeholders or shipping terminals.
Their primary function involves the consolidation and de-consolidation of less-than-container
load (LCL) cargo. Consolidation includes bringing together multiple LCL shipments to form
a full container load (FCL) whereas de-consolidation is the process of segregating the LCL
shipments.

Moreover, a Container Freight Station is also utilized as a temporary storage space for goods
for import and export. As per the latest government data (March 2017), India is home to 168
container freight stations.

Why Container Freight Station?

CFS has become an integral part of the shipping business. It has made the import-export
business seamless at both, origin and destination points. And so, container freight stations are
segregated into origin CFS and destination CFS.

With the exponential increase in the demand for LCL shipments, the stations have become a
sought-after facility for import-export. It offers an advantage of a centralized shipment
location, in turn contributing immensely to streamline and ease up the entire process.

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 What Does A CFS Do?

 Chalk out a viable container load plan

 Obtain and consolidate LCL shipments for export
 De-consolidate the container at destination CFS. Then, dispatch the shipment for delivery
 Loading and unloading of containers
 Assign specific marks and seals to the containers for identification purposes
 Arranging and rearranging empty containers from container yards
 Managing transportation of laden containers to corresponding port or terminal
 Keeping an account of containers before & after shipping and sort accordingly
 Regular maintenance and timely servicing of the containers
 Overlooking the customs clearance procedures while ensuring the goods are kept safe until
shipped or picked up
 Utilizing free spaces to become a temporary storage facility for cargo

The Import and Export Process at CFS

As the Container Freight Station (CFS) simplifies the shipping process for LCL and FCL
cargos, here's how the process works:

Export:

 Exporter arrives with goods at CFS along with a shipping bill

 The goods are unloaded and the CFS custodian accounts for receives of the goods
 Customs authorities initiate customs clearance procedures for the goods
 Once the procedure is completed and customs authorities issue a shipping bill with “let export
order”
 CFS begins loading the goods into the container
 The container is sealed and marked. CFS dispatches it to port/terminal for export 

Import:

 As the container arrives, the importer files an import general manifest (IGM) at the port. This
consists of details regarding the cargo, exporter, importer
 The container is then forwarded to the destination CFS
 CFS offloads the cargo and sends it for cargo clearance process

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 Cargo owner or their clearing agent files bill of entry. Once the cargo clearance and duty
payment is done, it is forwarded to the customs authorities
 Customs issues bill of entry with an “out of charge” order
 The CFS custodian then dispatched the cargo to the importer with a gate pass

As the Container Freight Station acts as an extension of the port, it allows the ports to reduce
congestion while streamlining the entire process.

How does the CFS charge?

For every activity the Container Freight Station performs, it levies a charge accordingly.
Moreover, the charges for 20-foot, 40-foot and 45-foot containers vary and the charges for
reefer, hazardous and over-dimensional cargo (ODC) are higher. And so, it is essential the
exporters and importers must know about these charges.

If these charges are not taken into consideration, it can lead to shipment delays, a rise in
logistics cost and most importantly, it could deteriorate your relations with customs
authorities, which could be a bad sign for your business.

Undeniably, with the introduction of CFS, the process of shipping has been optimized.

An LCL (less than container load) shipment will be taken to a CFS at origin to be

consolidated into a container with other cargo. The container will then be trucked to the CY
(container yard) before being loaded onto the vessel. 

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After the container arrives at the destination port, it will be taken to another CFS for
deconsolidation. LCL shipments will then be picked up from the CFS for final delivery.

Both the origin and destination CFS will charge a container freight station fee.

2.6 CLASSES OF OFFICERS OF CUSTOMS. –

There shall be the following classes of officers of customs, namely:-

(a) Chief Commissioners of Customs;

(b) Commissioners of Customs;

(c) Commissioners of Customs (Appeals);

(cc) Joint Commissioners of Customs;

(d) Deputy Commissioners of Customs;

(e) Assistant Commissioners of Customs; and

(f) Such other class of officers of customs as may be appointed for the purposes of this Act.

2.7 CUSTOMS PROCEDURE FOR EXPORT

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Custom Clearing Process starts once the exporter satisfies all the prerequisites to export and
obtains the shipping order for reserving the space in the ship. Find below the steps involved
in custom clearing process for the export of goods from India:

1. Arrival of Goods at the Port

After the arrival of goods at the port, the clearing and forwarding agent submits the
documents to the Custom House for further procedure. The checklist of the document
includes a packing list, invoice, letter of credit, certificate of origin and other relevant
documents. In addition, duty drawback and MEIS benefit if any on that particular commodity
should be mentioned on the shipping bill. The checklist is uploaded to ICEGATE.

2. Generation of Shipping Bill

On receiving the required documents, the customs officer verifies the documents according to
the physical quantity of goods received. He/she generates the shipping bill for export of
goods from India and gives a copy to the dock appraiser.

3. Examination of Goods

The dock appraiser examines the goods according to the examination order. If the goods are
found as declared in the documents, he/she generates a ‘Let Export’ order. In case of any
discrepancy in the order, the goods might be sent back to the export department. Otherwise,
goods are forwarded to the preventive superintendent and loaded to the assigned vessel under
supervision. In such a case there will be delay in the custom clearing process for export of
goods from India.

4. Loading of Goods

The clearing and forwarding agent forwards the ‘Let export’ marked bill to the steamer agent.
The loading of cargo takes place under the supervision of the preventive officer. If the
preventive officer is satisfied with the loading of goods on the vessel then the officer gives
‘Shipped on Board’ endorsement on the shipping bill.  Besides, the commanding officer of
the ship issues ‘Mate receipt’ confirming the export of goods. Custom clearing process is
almost completed at this step.

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5. Export General Manifest

The shipping agents are to submit shipping wise Export General Manifest to the Customs
Department, both electronically and manually, within seven days from the date of sailing of
the vessel.

6. Claim of Duty Drawback

Shipping Bill facilitates the exporter to claim duty drawback on the exports.  The drawback
branch officer processes the drawback electronically, once the exporter ascertains the status
of the shipping bill and drawback claim from the query counter. The claim is credited to the
exporter’s bank account after completion of the procedure.

2.8 CUSTOMS PRODECURE FOR IMPORT

1) Calling of Vessels

Once the vessels carrying the goods reaches the country, the person who carried the vessels
should make sure that the calling of vessels is done at the customs port. For instance, if goods
are imported via aircraft, the pilot is responsible for call of the vessels at the customs airport.
There is no requirement for the importer to get involved in this process and will be done by
the airline or shipping line.

2) Filing Import General Manifest (IGM)

The person-in-charge of the vehicle should file an Import General Manifest electronically
before the goods arrive. This file would include the details of all the goods imported by the
vessel. 

3) Post Verification Operations

On review of the Import General Manifest and post verification of documents, the customs
authorities will grant entry inwards to the vessel, assign an IGM number to the manifest and
permit the master of the vessel to land and unload the cargo.

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 4) Custody of Custodian

On arrival of the vessel, the goods would remain in the custody of the Custodian until it
clears the customs process. A custodian may be a person approved by Principal
Commissioner or Commissioner of Customs for this purpose. Imported goods can be
unloaded subject to the following conditions:

 A note to unload the goods should be mentioned on the manifest report.

 Could be unloaded only at the approved places in the customs port.
 Under the supervision of the approved authorities.
 Should be unloaded only during working hours.

5) Filing Bill of Entry

The importer of the goods should file a bill of entry (customs copy) electronically for the
clearance of the goods, before or on arrival of the goods. In the bill of entry, the duty and
taxes to be paid is assessed by the importer himself and this is called self- assessment.  The
importer will self-assess the duty after considering the applicable rate of exchange and the
rate of import duty. On approval of the Bill of Entry, the importer has to pay the GST and
duty which will be entered in the Indian Customs Electronic Data Interchange System
(ICEDIS). Once it is entered in ICEDIS, a bill of entry number will be generated.

The importer should then submit the bill of entry (customs copy), the duty-paid challan and
other supporting documents to the port authorities for making an order permitting clearance.
After making an order permitting clearance, the port officer would generate duplicate bill of
entry (importer’s copy) and triplicate bill of entry (exchange control copy). Both the copies
will be handed over to the authorized person later.

6) Delivery of Goods

On showing the customs clearances to the port authorities, the importer can take the delivery
of his goods. In case of cargo deposited in a warehouse, the importer would another bill of
entry called the ex-bond bill of entry to clear the whole or part of the warehoused cargo.

2.9 SHIPPING LINES

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A shipping line or shipping company is a company whose line of business is ownership and
operation of ships.

2.10 FUNCTIONS

Modern shipping industry companies handle the following activities:

 Shipping and transportation,

 Advanced warehouse management
 Inbound freight coordination
 Order fulfilment
 Outbound shipping & delivery.

2.11 POPULAR SHIPPING COMPANIES IN THE WORLD

 AP Moller-Maersk Group

 Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A. (MSC)

 China COSCO

 CMA CGM Group

 Hapag-Lloyd

 ONE (Ocean Network Express)

 Evergreen Marine Corporation 

 Yang Ming Marine Transport Corporation

 Pacific International Lines (PIL) 

 Hyundai Merchant Marine 

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2.12 CUSTOMS HOUSE AGENT (CHA)

A customs house agent (CHA) is licensed to act as an agent for transaction of any business
relating to the entry or departure of conveyances or the import or export of goods at a
customs station.

2.13 DUTIES OF CHA

 Authorised clearances only against authorization

A CHA is required to clear goods for import or export with specific authorization from
the principal, which must be produced whenever required by the Deputy or Assistant
Commissioner.

 Personal clearance

The CHA must personally clear the goods or clear them through an employee designated
by the Commissioner. All documents should list the CHA's name at the top. The CHA
should not attempt to influence the conduct of customs officers in matters pending before
him or his subordinates; there should be no threats, false accusations or duress against
such officers, and no promise of advantage, benefit or gift should be made or bestowed
on such officers. The CHA's duties should be discharged expeditiously, and he cannot
charge more than the rates approved by the Commissioner.

 Conflicts of interest

 If the CHA is a former officer of a department, he cannot represent any matter before a
customs officer which he had considered as an officer. He cannot use facts which came to
his knowledge as an officer.

 Correct advice

 The CHA must advise the client to comply with the provisions of the Act and the
regulations, diligently ensuring the imparting of correct, relevant information to the client
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 for clearance of cargo or baggage. If there is non-compliance by a client, the CHA must
bring it to the attention of the deputy or assistant commissioner. This regulation requires
the CHA to provide information to the department.

 Fiscal accountability

 The CHA must promptly pay the government all monies received from the client for
duties and taxes. Any money received from the client or from the government should be
promptly and fully accounted to the client.

2.14 CONTAINER BOOKING

It is the process of deciding who you will trust with your shipment, what route you will take,
when the vessel will arrive, and then ultimately, sending the request to the carrier.

2.15 CONTAINER BOOKING PROCESS

 Once the cargo is packed and ready for export, the shipper arranges to ship the goods
to buyer's place.

 He enquires with shipping lines or freight forwarders to get the best ocean freight
services & then finalizes a carrier & confirms his acceptance of freight.

 All the details required by the carrier is provided by the shipper.

 The carrier provides a booking confirmation to the shipper, by issuing a delivery order
to pick up the container from their empty container yard.

 The shipper or his customs broker arranges a transport truck to move the said empty
container from the carrier's yard to his factory for stuffing. A stack period is given to
shipper by the carrier to return back the stuffed container.

 The Container Yard (CY) will release the container against proof of identity & a copy
of carrier's booking confirmation. The trucker must inspect the container & sign an
equipment interchange receipt to verify that the container is in good condition when
released in his care.

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  The empty container is then moved to exporter's factory /CFS/CD/port, for stuffing

 Once the cargo is stuffed, the full container is taken to the port/terminal for it to be
loaded on the nominated ship.

2.16 TYPES OF CONTAINERS

1. Dry storage container

The most commonly used shipping containers; they come in various dimensions standardized
by ISO. They are used for shipping of dry materials and come in size of 20ft, 40 ft. and
10ft.

2. Flat rack container

With collapsible sides, these are like simple storage shipping containers where the sides can be
folded so as to make a flat rack for shipping of wide variety of goods.

3. Open top container

With a convertible top that can be completely removed to make an open top so that materials
of any height can be shipped easily.

4. Tunnel container

Container storage units provided with doors on both ends of the container, they are
extremely helpful in quick loading and unloading of materials.

5. Open side storage container

These storage units are provided with doors that can change into completely
open sides providing a much wider room for loading of materials.

6. Double doors container

They are kind of storage units that are provided with double doors, making a
wider room for loading and unloading of materials. Construction materials
include steel, iron etc. in standardized sizes of 20ft and 40ft.

7. Refrigerated ISO containers

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These are temperature regulated shipping containers that always have a
carefully controlled low temperature. They are exclusively used for shipment of
perishable substances like fruits and vegetables over long distances.

8. Insulated or thermal containers

These are the shipping storage containers that come with a regulated
temperature control allowing them to maintain a higher temperature.
The choice of material is so done to allow them long life without being
damaged by constant exposure to high temperature. They are most suitable for
long distance transportation of products.

9. Tanks

Container storage units used mostly for transportation of liquid materials, they
are used by a huge proportion of entire shipping industry. They are mostly
made of strong steel or other anti-corrosive materials providing them with long
life and protection to the materials.

10. Cargo storage roll container

A foldable container, this is one of the specialized container units made for
purpose of transporting sets or stacks of materials. They are made of thick and
strong wire mesh along with rollers that allows their easy movement.
Availability in a range of colored wire meshes make these shipping container
units a little more cheerful.

11. Half height containers

Another kind of shipping containers includes half height containers. Made

mostly of steel, these containers are half the height of full sized containers. Used
especially for good like coal, stones etc. which need easy loading and
unloading.

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 12. Car carriers

Car carriers are container storage units made especially for shipment of cars over
long distances. They come with collapsible sides that help a car fit snugly inside the
containers without the risk of being damaged or moving from the spot.

13. Intermediate bulk shift containers

These are specialized storage shipping containers made solely for the purpose of
intermediate shipping of goods. They are designed to handle large amounts of
materials and made for the purpose of shipping materials to a destination where
they can be further packed and sent off to final spot.

14. Drums

As the name suggests, circular shipping containers, made from a choice of

materials like steel, light weight metals, fiber, hard plastic etc. they are most
suitable for bulk transport of liquid materials. They are smaller in size but due
to their shape, may need extra space.

15. Special purpose containers

Not the ordinary containers, these are the container units, custom made for
specialized purposes. Mostly, they are used for high profile services like
shipment of weapons and arson. As such, their construction and material
composition depends on the special purpose they need to cater to. But in most
cases, security remains the top priority.

16. Swap bodies

They are a special kind of containers used mostly in Europe. Not made
according to the ISO standards, they are not standardized shipping container
units but extremely useful all the same. They are provided with a strong bottom
and a convertible top making them suitable for shipping of many type of
products.

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2.17 EXPORT

An export is a function of international trade whereby goods produced in one country are
shipped to another country for future sale or trade. The sale of such goods adds to the
producing nation's output. If used for trade, exports are exchanged for other products or
services in other countries. 

2.18 EXPORT OPERATION

EXPORT OPERATION REASON

Gate Pass In/Out Enter vehicle/visitor-in with all relevant details in the field of
software Co-ordinate with security staff/other staff for taking
the in weight/out weight of the container/cargo/vehicle and
issue weighment slip to customer.

Warehouse Export stuffing-collect necessary document

(commercial invoice from CHA representative/driver Export

pre stage- collect duly filled declaration form from CHA
Customs clearance Printouts of charges/shipping bill should be done on first
come-first served basis Record the details of prints taken in the
register with shipping bill no. Collect necessary   document
commercial invoice, packing    list, purchase order, shipping
bill.

Export section in FALCN In with all relevant details in the fields of software such as
booking, job order, packing list, cargo in, stuffing order and
details

Final print from In with all relevant details in the fields of 1website
super intendent line incegate.com.

LEO from superintendent

Final pint out documents exporter copy,

customs copy, exchange control copy of

examination report

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2.19 EXPORT CONTAINER/CARGO-IN

2.20 IMPORT

Import is derived from the conceptual meaning as the goods and services into the port
of a country. The buyer of such goods and services is referred to an "importer" who is based
in the country of import where the overseas based seller is referred to as an "exporter". Thus
an import is any good or service brought in from one country to another country in legitimate
fashion, typically for use in trade. It is a good that is brought in from another country for sale.
Imported goods or services are provided to domestic consumers by foreign producers. An
import in the receiving country is an export to the sending country. Imports, along with
exports, form the basics of international trade. Import of goods normally requires
involvement of the customs authorities in both the country of import and the country of
export and are often subject to import quotas, tariffs and trade agreements. When the
"imports" are the set of goods and services imported, "Imports" also means the economic

34
value of all goods and services that are imported. The macroeconomic variable I usually
stands for the value of these imports over a given period of time, usually one year.

2.21 IMPORT CONTAINER OPERATION

35
 CHAPTER 3
COMPANY PROFILE

36
SEA WALKER EXPORTERS

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Sea Walker Exporters Private Limited is classified as Non-govt Company whose head office
is located at ANAKUZHY, IDUKKI. They provide better logistics solution from local
markets to international markets. The dedicated and experienced professionals always
provide you with tailor-made logistics solutions, customized to your particular needs. They
focus on serving customers with global sourcing and supply-chain-management needs,
creating value through innovative ‘end-to-end’ International and Domestic Logistics
programs.

They are also a leader in providing sophisticated transportation, warehousing and distribution
services in the India as well as abroad, offering professional and efficient support.

SERVICES

1. Multimodal Transport Operations

2. Warehousing
3. Export & Import

MISSION

1. To provide innovative and top- quality logistics supply chain solution Solutions to
improve business
2. To bring innovative ways to Deliver Fast, Efficient, Cost effective, Consistent,
Precise and trusted Logistics and Supply chain Solutions within the specified time
limit, across the world.
3. To bring “Real Value Added” services for our clients.
4. To become the growth partner for our clients.

3.2 CORE SERVICES

Being a leading logistics support agents in the field of import-export, they are well-equipped
with requisite facilities to offer best in class services to their clients. Customers can rely on
them for their entire needs as they efficiently handle the entire process. Their vast resources

37
enable to undertake any business order from the clients. Their organization has achieved
steady and continuous growth through hard work, commitment to quality and customer
satisfaction. In order to offer best logistic solutions for specific needs, their professionals
work in symphony with the clients.

Their spectrum of services includes

1. Transportation of spices

2. Export and Import of spices and food items.

3. Documentation of Export/Import Shipment

And other value added services. They also specialize in handling of LCL / FCL
consolidations for customers.

They adopt a flexible approach to meet the ever-changing and growing needs of customers.
In a nutshell, their tailor made services in the domain, sets clients free from cumbersome
administrative process, reduces costs and minimizes the risk of loss or product damage.

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 CHAPTER 4

FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS, AND CONCLUSION

39
FINDINGS

• Area for parking vehicles and stowing the containers is limited.

• Office authorities and labours are highly dedicated personnel.
• There are no separate forklifts for export and import this sometimes add delay to the
warehouse operation.
• Warehousing and packing are the main procedures taking place.
• CFSs are located at important ports and are essential for the efficient movement of
goods.
• Lack of adequate technological solutions and automation can lead to errors in
shipments and increased costs.
• Poor coordination between freight forwarders, customs authorities, and other
stakeholders can lead to delays in the delivery of good.
• It is vulnerable to external factors, such as weather, which can cause delays in cargo
movement.

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SUGGESTIONS

• Increase space of the Import and Export warehouse

• Consider developing a centralized system so that delay in pass/out pass procedure can
be rectified.
• Provide canteen facilities.
• Appointing more employees to reduce delay in clerical works in the office.
• Develop and implement automated systems to reduce errors and increase efficiency.
• Invest in RFID and barcode readers for quicker and more efficient tracking of goods.
• Implement effective management software systems to monitor and manage the
operations of the container freight station.
• Improve communication systems with transportation companies by developing more
efficient communication protocols.

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CONCLUSION

On the whole, the internship was a useful experience. I have gained new knowledge,
skills and met many new people. I achieved several of my learning goals, however for some
the conditions did not permit. I got insight into professional practice. I learned different facts
of working.
It has helped in gaining sufficient practical knowledge about the nature of the operations
done by the organization, in understanding the working environment, organization, climate
and culture, various activities under various department of the organization, structure, and
mission, vision statements of the organization and to study about other functional policies.
This opportunity really helped to study the basic of the logistics, supply chain and
warehouse managements and its effect on business decisions to understand various activities
and emerging technology in the field. This study highlights the growing perception of the
value of logistics with in a firm and increased focus on logistics has the potential to improve
Logistic Management is an integrated approach, involving physical, informational, and other
related system in order to ensure a proper distribution system.

I experienced that financing, as in many organizations, is an important factor for the

progress on projects. Related to my study I learned more about Logistics and Shipping
Industry. There is still a lot to discover and to improve. The methods used at the moment are
still not standardized and a consistent method is in development.

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APPENDIX

43
BIBLIOGRAPHY

 https://grow.exim.gov/blog/ten-common-export-documents-you-should-know-about
 https://brightoncollege.com/blog/7-key-benefits-of-international-trade/
 https://www.allcargologistics.com/container-freight-station#:~:text=A%20CFS%20is
%20an%20area,container%20load%20(LCL)%20cargo.
 https://www.flexport.com/glossary/container-freight-station/
 https://www.advocatekhoj.com/library/bareacts/custom/3.php?Title=Custom%20Act,
%201962&STitle=Classes%20of%20Officers%20of%20Customs
 https://www.freightcourse.com/how-to-book-a-container-in-shipping
 www.wikipedia.com
 Collected information from the staff

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45