PHYSICS – SUBJECTIVE TYPE – 25-04-2022 – Sebastian Sir

(9 – Problems)

1. An air bubble of size 0.001 m 3 and a rigid tank of the same volume and mass as the bubble are released
at a depth of 2.0km below the sea surface. Ignore friction. The temperature of the air bubble remains
the same at any depth. Density of air at sea level is 1.21 kg/m3 , and the atmospheric pressure is
b
dx 1     b 
5 2
1.0×10 N/m . (hint:   ln   ).
   x      a 
a

(a) What is the size(volume) of the bubble when it rises to the sea level.

(b) Derive an expression for the net energy gained by the bubble and the tank at height h.

(c) Find the final velocities of the bubble and the tank when they reach the sea level.

Sol: (a) According to the Boyle’s Law

1 1  PV
PV 2 2

Ph   w gh  P0   1000  9.8  2  103   105  Nm 2

 

 1.97  107 Nm 2

PhVh 1.97  107

V0 
P0

105
103  m3  0.197m3

(b) Buoyant Force

F   gV    w    w   ,    w 

For the tank

P
0V0

1.21 0.197  kgm3  238.4kgm 3
Vh 103

Et   gVh h  1000  243.21 9.8  103  2  103  J  1.48  10 4 J

For the bubble

Energy gained = buoyant force part

Pb 
  P  b  0  0   w gh  P0 
P0 P0

Eb   Fdh
 h
0 PV
  w  (  w gh  P0 ) g ( 0 0
)dh
0 P0  w gh  P0

h
 w gPV
 ( 0 0
 0 gV )dh
0  w gh  P0

 P   gh 
 PV ln  0 w    gV h
 
0 0
 P0  0 0

  1.97  104  ln 197  1.21 9.8  0.197   2  103  J

 

 1.04  105  4247.3 J

 0.998  105 J .

(if assume    w , we have the following modification)

Eb   Fdh

h
PV
  w g ( 0 0
)dh
0  w gh  P0

P0   w gh
 PV
0 0 ln[ ]
P0

= 1.97  10 4  ln 197  J

 1.041  105 J

(c) For the tank

1 2
mv  Et
2

2 Et 2 1.48  104 
v  ms 1  352.4ms 1
0V0 1.21 0.197 

1 2
mv  Eb
2

2 Eb 2  0.998  105  1
v  ms  915.2ms 1
0V0  
1.21 0.197 
 2 1.04  105 
or v   934.5ms 1
1.21 0.197 

2. A man with mass 0.5M is standing on a round table (disc shaped, uniform thickness) rotating at angular
speed  . The mass of the table is 0.5M and the friction between the table and the ground is negligible.
The man carries 10 stones with him , each with mass 0.01M. The radius of the table is R and the man is
standing at a distance r (< R) from the center of the table.

(a) Find the total angular momentum of the system.

To slow down the rotation of the table, the man decides to throw the stones outward from the table,
each at speed v (relative to him) and with angle  relative to the radial direction (see figure).

(b) Determine the angular speed of the table after the man has thrown his first stone as a function of
angle  , and find the optimum angle  to slow down the table.

(c) What is the angular speed of the table after the man has thrown all his stones, each time at the
optimum angle? (Leave your answer as the sum of multiple terms.)

1 R
Sol: a. I  mi ri 2  (0.5M  10  0.01M  r 2  MR 2 Let n
i 2 r

  0.6  0.5n 2  Mr 2

L  I    0.6  0.5n 2  M  r 2

b. L  m r 2 where M   0.6  0.5n 2  M and m  0.01M

In the 1st throw, by the conservation of angular momentum,

v
L   M  m  1r 2  mr 2 ( sin   1 ) … 2
r

L  mvr sin 
 1 
Mr 2

For the optimum angle to slow down,

  sin   1    90o C

L  mvr L mv 1
 1  2
 2
 ( )
Mr Mr r M

c. For the 2nd stone

L1  mvr
2 
Mr 2

Where L1   M  m  1r 2 and M 1  M  m

L mv 1 1
  (  ) …. 1
Mr 2
r M M m

After throwing the nth stone

L mv n 1
n 
Mr 2
 
r i 1 M   i  1 m

mv 10 1
10  
r i 1 M   i  1 m
…(2)

3. A uniform rod of length L and mass M is resting in a smooth hemisphere of radius R   0.5L  , as

shown.

(a) Find the vibration frequency of the rod about its equilibrium position.

(b) In the vibration motion, the maximum deviation angle of the rod from its equilibrium position is
θ max . Let the amplitude of the contact force from the hemisphere to the rod at each end be N. The

difference between N when the rod is at θ max and when the rod is at its equilibrium position can be

written as N= Mg max

2
. Find  .

Sol: According to the parallel Axis Theorem

 1  1
I  I 0  M  R 2  L2   ML2  Mh 2
 4  12
 I 1
T  2 where h  R 2  L2
Mgh 4

1 gh
f 
2 h  1 L2
2
12

(b) At maximum angle the forces on the ends are

N   N , respectively

1 2
2 N sin   Mg cos  max  Mg (1   max ), … (1)
2

R 2  1 / 4 L2
Where sin  
R

Mh 2 max  Mg max  2 N cos  … (2)

 NL sin   I 0 2 max … (3)

Putting (3) into (2) one gets the same frequency as in (a)

At level position both end forces are N’, angular speed is  2  Mgh 2 max / I

2 N 'sin   Mg  Mh 2 …. (4)

6 1
Finally   (  ) / sin  .
12  ( L / h) 4
2

4. The body is a cube in the centre of which a spherical cavity of radius R is carved out. Inside the
spherical cavity at its bottom there is a motionless puck whose geometric sizes are negligible. Find the
minimal horizontal velocity (at all possible cube-to-puck mass ratios) which has to be imposed on the
puck so as the cubic body should jump up from the table surface in the motion process followed.
Friction in the system is completely absent. At which value of the cube-to-puck mass ratio M/m that
minimal velocity is achieved?(puck is a very small body with mass m)
 w
mg
N
u

Sol:

It is elementary to show that the jump of the cube appears at the puck position depicted in the picture
on the left-hand side. Let u be the cube velocity of mass M at this time moment and let w be the
horizontal relative velocity of the puck of mass m with respect to the cube. Since the friction in the
system is totally absent, the horizontal projection of the total momentum of the system is conserved,

mv  Mu  m  u  w  , (1)

as well as with the total mechanical energy,

mv 2 Mu 2 m  2
  w   u  w    2mgR
2
 (2)
2 2 2  

In the instant frame of reference associated with the cube, the puck moves with the velocity w along
the circle of radius R and its equation of motion projected on the radial direction is given by

mw2
N  mg 
R

It is rather obvious that the condition of the cube’s jump from the plane of the table is found, according
to Newton’s third law, as

N = Mg. (4)

Solving the set of equations (1) – (4), the puck velocity is obtained as

M m
v  gR 5  4 (5)
m M

The minimal velocity of the puck is derived from relation (5) by the differentiating over M/m,

vmin  3 gR (6)

and it is achieved at the mass ratio

M /m2 (7)