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Chapter 2
Chapter 2
Chapter 2
GEO270/GLS270
Computation on
Ellipsoid
MUHAMMAD FAIZ BIN PA’SUYA
Department Surveying Science and Geomatic
0197648604
GEO270/GLS270
Computation on Ellipsoid
Normal section
• Normal section is defined by the curve of intersection of the
vertical plane with the ellipsoid
Definition of Geodesic
• Geodesic is defined as the shortest distance between any two points
on the surface of the ellipsoid.
• Geodesics on a sphere are great circle and, on a plane, the geodesic
is a straight line
• On the ellipsoid, the geodesic is a curve having double curvature and
is thus not a plane curve and their geometry is more complicated.
GEO270/GLS270
Computation on Ellipsoid
Normal Section
B-A
B
Normal Section
A A-B
Geodesic
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Computation on Ellipsoid
BA
s = distance A-B
B
(B , B) A , A = Coordinate A
AB B , B = Coordinate B
AB = Azimuth A-B
A BA = Azimuth B-A
(A , A)
GEO270/GLS270
Computation on Ellipsoid
GEO270/GLS270
Computation on Ellipsoid
Geodesic divides
angle between 2
normal section a
in the ratio 2:1
2a
2a
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GEO270/GLS270
Computation on Ellipsoid
A B
X,Y X,Y
GEO270/GLS270
Computation on Ellipsoid
Given To compute
1) Coordinate for first,A and 1) Azimuth from first point to second
second point, B point (A-B)
2) Azimuth from second point to first
point (B-A)
3) Distance between the two point
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Computation on Ellipsoid
• The normal section formulae can be divided into three solution that
are Clarke-Robbins formulae, Puissant formulae and Gauss Mid-
Latitude (GML) formulae
• However, this lecture only discuss the solution using GML formulae
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GEO270/GLS270
B A
B A
BA AB 180o
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GEO270/GLS270
Values of , , s. sin m
in seconds
N m cos m sin 1"
This formulae is
accurate to 1ppm for sin m
lines up to 100km
.N m cos m
m tan 1
.M M
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m AB ? B?
2 So we need
A B iteration
m
2
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4. Calculate sin A
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s. sin m
9. Calculate
N m cos m sin 1"
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GEO270/GLS270
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GEO270/GLS270
DIRECT PROBLEM(EXAMPLE)
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DIRECT PROBLEM(EXAMPLE)
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GEO270/GLS270
DIRECT PROBLEM(EXAMPLE)
Initial Steps
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DIRECT PROBLEM(EXAMPLE)
Initial Steps
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DIRECT PROBLEM(EXAMPLE)
Initial Steps
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DIRECT PROBLEM(EXAMPLE)
Initial Value
(Use for the
first iteration)
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DIRECT PROBLEM(EXAMPLE)
First Iteration
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DIRECT PROBLEM(EXAMPLE)
First Iteration
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DIRECT PROBLEM(EXAMPLE)
First Iteration
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DIRECT PROBLEM(EXAMPLE)
Second Iteration
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DIRECT PROBLEM(EXAMPLE)
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DIRECT PROBLEM(EXAMPLE)
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1. Calculate B A
B A
Calculation A B
Procedure 2. Calculate m
2
3. Determine Mm & Nm using m
.N m cos m
4. Calculate m tan 1
.M m
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6. Calculate sin m
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7. Calculate
AB m
Calculation 2
Procedure
8. Calculate BA AB 180o
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INVERSE PROBLEM(EXAMPLE)
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INVERSE PROBLEM(EXAMPLE)
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GEO270/GLS270
THANKS
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