KNOW-WELL WITH

DIABETES With Sample Menu Special for Diabetes!

NURUL NAJMII YULIANI

KNOW-WELL WITH DIABETES

Writer :
Nurul Najmii Yuliani

Editor :
Nurul Najmii Yuliani

Copy Editor :
Ulfa Hidayah, S.Tr.Keb
Social Worker
15 Vocational High School Bandung

Setting, Layout,
and Cover : Nurul Najmii Yuliani
Ilustrator : Canva & Unnie doll
Picture : Google & Pinterest

©202115 Vocational High School Bandung

St. Gatot Subroto No.4, Burangrang, Dist. Lengkong,
Bandung City.

14,8 x 21 cm
Foreword

P raise and gratitude the author would like to say

to God for all the graces that he bestowed upon

the author and by His permission the author was

able to complete this book well. The author also

expresses her gratitude to all parties who cannot be

mentioned one by one, for their contribution in the

process of making this book, both morally and

materially. This book is dedicated for the elderly

diabetic patients and their families, also for those

who want to know more about diabetes. The author

hopes that this book can give them new knowledge

about diabetes, how to prevent and control

diabetes, give them new enthusiasm to maintain

their health, and prevent them from getting bored

during the pandemic.

Author,

i
Table of Contents
Foreword ........................................................... i
Table of Contents ......................................... ii
Guide Character Introduction .............. iii

Diabetes Definition ....................................... 2

Kind of Diabetes ............................................ 3
DIABETES?

Diabetes Symptoms .................................... 5

WHAT IS

Diabetes Check ............................................... 6

Complication of Diabetes ..................... 10
Diabetes In The World ............................... 11
How To Prevent Diabetes ....................... 12

HOW TO HANDLING

Diabetes Controls ........................................ 18

Diabetes Patient Psychic ....................... 19
Treatment for Diabetes ......................... 20
Diabetes Foot Care ...................................... 22
DIABETES

Aerobics for Diabetes .............................. 23

Nutrition for Diabetes Patient .............. 27
Sample Food Menu
for Diabetes Patient .................................. 29

References ....................................................... 34

ii
 Guide Character
Introduction

Nuna the Nurse Nana the Patient

Elderly patient aged 65

Professional nurse
years, even she has to
that expressive and
use a crutches but she is
cheerful
enthusiastic person

HI EVERYBODY! NICE TO MEET YOU!

IT'S NUNA AND NANA HERE!

NANA AND NUNA HERE WILL HELP

YOU UNDERSTAND THIS BOOK EASIER

iii
WHAT IS
DIABETES?

1
 Diabetes
Definition

Diabetes Mellitus or most known

as diabetes is a disease that

occurs when blood glucose or

blood sugar in our body is too

high.
Blood sugar becomes too high

because our pancreas cannot

produce enough insulin or the

insulin effectively useless because

it is not balanced with the sugar

levels that we have.

INSULIN IS A HORMONE THAT CHANGE

SUGAR INTO ENERGY FOR OUR BODY

2
Kind of
Diabetes
DID YOU KNOW THAT DIABETES
HAVE MANY TYPES?
BUT LET ME INTRODUCTION YOU 2 OF THEM!

Type 1 Diabetes

A condition when the

A condition when the
level of sugar in the
pancreas cannot
blood exceeds the
produce insulin normally,
normal value because
and causing in very high
the body cannot use the
blood sugar. Patients
hormone insulin normally.
with type 1 diabetics
Treatment of patients
need additional insulin
with type 2 diabetes can
from the outside. This
be the insulin therapy
type of diabetes is
and regular medicine
common in children
consumption.

Type 2 Diabetes

3
 LOOK THE DIFFERENCE OCCURS OF
TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES

Source : nclexmastery.com

4
Diabetes
Symptoms
LOOK THE SYMPTOMS BELOW! CHECK
WHETHER THAT YOU HAVE IT OR NOT?

01
Prolonged Hungry

02
Excessive Thirst

03
Easy Fatigue

04
Vision Changes

05
Weight Loss

06
Urinating too often

IF YOU HAVE THE ABOVE SYMPTOMS TOO OFTEN

YOU MUST BE WARNED AND HURRY UP
CHECK OUT AT THE NEAREST HEALTH FACILITY!
5
 Diabetes
Testing
DO YOU EVER CHECK YOUR BLOOD SUGAR?
DO YOU KNOW WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF
BLOOD SUGAR TESTING?

Random Blood

Sugar Test

This test can be done at any

time to know a person's

blood sugar level at that

time. If the test results are

more than 200 mg/dL then

the person can be said to

have diabetes.

6
 Fasting Bood

Sugar Test

This test is used to know a person's

blood sugar levels in a fasting

condition. Before start the test, the

person will be asked to fasting for

8 hours first and then the test can

be carried out. If the test results

are more than 126 mg/dL, so the

person can be said to have

diabetes.

7
 Postprandial Blood

Sugar Test

This test is done 2 hours after a person

eats and is usually done after a fasting

blood sugar test. The purpose of this

test is to know the ability of insulin work

in breaking down blood sugar when

there is a spike in blood sugar in the

body. If the test results are above 200

mg/dL then the person can be said to

have diabetes.

IF YOU ALREADY CHECKED YOUR BLOOD SUGAR,

SEE THE TABLE BELOW AND WHICH
CLASSIFICATION ARE YOU IN?

8
 NEXT, LET SEE BLOOD SUGAR PROCEDURE
STEP BY STEP!

Tools & Materials:

Swab
Alcohol
Gluco

Pen
Meter Lancet
Needle
Lancet
Strip

Turn on the Open the pen Massage the

glucometer lancet then finger where

then insert 1 insert 1 needle the blood

strip into the into the pen sample will be

hole above, lancet, open taken and

then put the needle, then apply an

away then put away alcohol swab

Prick the Drop blood on

SCAN THE
BARCODE TO
lancet pen the tip of the SEE THE STEP
on the strip, wait for IN VIDEO!

finger until the numbers to

a little come out and

blood read the results

comes out
9
 Complication of
Diabetes
WHAT?! DIABETES CAN
CAUSING COMPLICATIONS ?!

Heart Kidney

Disease Damage

Nerve Eyes

Damage Damage

Hard to Heal
Death
Wound

ALSO FOR THIS REASON W.H.O SAID THAT

DIABETES IS THE 9nt LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH

10
Diabetes
In The World
Source : IDF Diabetes Atlas, 2019

China 116,4 M

India 77,0 M

U.S.A 31,0 M

Pakistan 19,4 M

Brazil 16,8 M

Mexico 12,8 M

Indonesia 10,7 M

German 9,5 M

Egypt 9 M

Bangladesh 8,4 M

0 25 50 75 100
Million Human Souls

FROM THE DATA ABOVE THERE ARE MANY DIABETES

PATIENTS! THEN IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO
PREVENT DIABETES

11
 How To Prevent
Diabetes
Working Out Diligently
Workout and physical activity

should be done by everyone to

maintain health, try to do it at

least 30 minutes a day.

DO YOU KNOW? THAT WORKOUT IS NOT

JUST ABOUT RUNNING AND THE GYM

TRUE NUNA! EVEN ACTIVITIES LIKE SWEEPING

& MOPING IS INCLUDED EXERCISE TOO!

Light Physical Activity : Moderate Physical

Casual walking, Activity:

sweeping, washing mopping floors,

dishes, stretching moving large

exercises furniture, vacumming

12
 Maintain Ideal
Body Weight
Check your weight about

once a week, record each

weight checking result and

make sure your weight is

always stable from week to

week, of course at the ideal

number.

You can calculate your ideal

weight with the Body Mass

Index (BMI) formula below:

IF YOU HAVE OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE,

IMMEDIATELY DO A DIET PROGRAM!

13
Do Not Smoke
Besides being able to

damage the lungs, smoking is

also very bad for the health of

all organs of the body. Then

cigarettes are also very

annoying and dangerous for

people around smokers

(passive smokers).

Nicotine in cigarettes also

causes insulin resistance, and

reduces the response of the

pancreas to produce insulin.

So a smoker has a higher risk

of caught diabetes.

FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO SMOKE, PLEASE

STOP SMOKING FOR YOUR HEALTH AND
THE PEOPLE ARROUND YOU
14
 Eat Healthy Food
And Drink Water
Always make it a habit to

eat healthy foods, that is

foods with rich in fiber and

vitamins such as vegetables

and fruit.

Reduce sugar intake, for

example replacing white rice

with brown rice, reducing and

replacing cane sugar

consumption with healthier

sugars such as stevia sugar.

Reduce a food with high

saturated fat, and reduce

salt consumption.

Also make sure to always

drink at least 8 glasses of

water per day.

15
Enough Sleep
Adequate sleep is very

important to maintain health,

the ideal sleep time is 7-9

hours for adults. With sleep

we can let our bodies rest

after activities during the

day.

And staying up late is not

good, because at night our

bodies must rest and time for

digestive organs work.

However, if we stay up late

the body has to work twice

for optimize physical work

and organ work, thereby

increasing the risk of organ

damage.

SO DON'T STAY UP LATE GUYS!

16
HOW TO HANDLING
DIABETES

17
 Diabetes
Controls

Routine control

blood sugar and blood

pressure
Foot care

(Maintaining Hygiene,

Always Wearing Footwear,

Medical Examination Feet)

Reduce intake of

sugar, saturated fat

and salt
Routine take medicine

or insulin therapy

Monitoring for

signs of complications

eye disease, kidney

Reasonable
damage
Physical Activity

Manage stress

18
Diabetes Patient
Psychic
Everyone's psychic condition are different,

sometimes a diabetic patient has excessive stress and

fear of their illness.

But stress can also increase blood sugar levels in the

body, that's because when stressed the body will release

the cortisol hormone which increases heart rate and

breathing. Automatically, sugar reserves from the liver will

go to the bloodstream to be processed into energy. And

then, the level of sugar in the blood will increase.

Therefore stress control is important for diabetic patients

or non-diabetic people.

How To Control Stress

Doing meditation

to calm the mind.

Put on

Doing aromatherapy

hobbies and candles or

other favorite diffusers in the

activities. room

CORTISOL HORMONE IS A STRESS HORMONE

THAT PRODUCES TO CONTROL STRESS

19
 Treatment for
Diabetes
DID YOU KNOW WHAT TYPES OF MEDICINE
THAT USUALLY USED BY DIABETIC PATIENT?

There are many medicine that are commonly given to

diabetic patients, but there are 2 types of medicine that

are most common.

Insulin Injections
Usually given to patients with

type 1 diabetes. Serves as

additional insulin to prolong the

action of the main insulin, used

by injection into the body.

Metformin
Usually given to patients with

type 2 diabetes. Serves to

improve the body's function in

using blood sugar. Its use is

taken by mouth.

20
 WHEN DIABETIC PATIENT WILL
CONSUMING THEIR MEDICINE THEY SHOULD MAKE
SURE REMEMBERING THESE TIPS !

Right Patient
ight Make sure the
medicine you receive
Right Route is in your name
Make sure to take the
Right Medicine
medicine according to
Know what medicine
the correct route. Is it
that you are receiving
taken by mouth or by
injection
Right Dose
Take the medicine
Right
according to the dose
Dokumentation
given by the doctor
You can record
whenever you take
Right Time
medicine and receive
Take medication
medicine
according to the time
schedule given by the
doctor

21
 Diabetes
Foot Care

Check Wash Feet

feet with water

condition and soap

often

Wear Dry

socks or feet with

other towel

footwear

Cut Nails
Apply Lotion
on the line, don't too
but don't in the area
close to the skin, then
between the fingers
file it so it's not sharp

YOU CAN ALSO SEE THIS STEPS

IN VIDEO VERSION, LET'S SCAN THE BARCODE!

22
Aerobics for
Diabetes
LET'S EXERCISE WITH NUNA!

repapsweN dlO
Tools &
Material :
ri a h C

Steps :

Source : Dinkes Wonogiri

With your heels on the Lift the sole of the foot up

floor, moving your toes up by resting on the heel, do a

and down, repeat for a circular motion on the sole

count of 2 sets x 10 as much as 2 sets x 10

counts. counts, do also on the

other sole.

23
 Raise your legs parallel, and
Raise your legs parallel,
move you sole of the feet
move your feet forward
forward and backward as
and backward as much
much as 2 sets x 10 counts.
as 2 sets x 10 counts.

Lift and straighten one

leg. Then rotate the ankle Place a sheet of

in a motion like writing newspaper on the floor.

the number 0 in the air, Then shape the newspaper

do 10 counts on the other into a ball with both feet.

leg as well.

24
Then open the ball back

into a sheet as before

using both feet. This

movement is done only

once. Then torn the newspaper

into 2 parts, then

separate the two parts of

the newspaper. Some of

the newspapers were

torn into small pieces

with both feet.

Then move the small

pieces of newspaper with

both feet right in the

middle of the feet

LET'S SCAN THE BARCODE FOR

SEE THE STEPS IN VIDEO VERSION!

25
LET'S SEE THE OTHER VERSION
OF DIABETES GYMNASTIC!

SCAN THE BARCODE RIGHT NOW!!

26
Nutrition for
Diabetes Patient

AS A DIABETES PATIENT IT IS GOOD FOR YOU TO

PAY YOUR ATTENTION FOR YOUR NUTRITION
INTAKE TO AVOID THE WORSE CONDITION

Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is important in managing

diabetes. MNT is a nutrition intake standard for diabetes

patient, which is measured by nutrition intake per day.

MNT is not only important for managing diabetes but it is

important for preventing diabetes and other non-

communicable disease.

Source : American Diabetes Association

BUT YOU MUST CONSULT WITH YOUR DOCTOR

FIRST BEFORE YOU APPLY THIS "MNT" IN DAILY

27
 YOU CAN ALSO USE THIS "T" PLATE METHOD
FOR DIABETES DIET

Nonstarchy Vegetables High-Fiber Carbohydrates

50% 25%

8
Glass
Mineral
Water
Per Day

25%
Lean Protein

Source : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

28
Sample Food Menu
for Diabetes Patient

NOW LET'S NANA SHOW YOU A SAMPLE OF THE

FOOD MENU FOR DIABETES PATIENT!

Source : Medical News Today

DON'T FORGET TO DRINK 8 GLASSES OF WATER

EVERY DAY!

29
 BUT REMEMBER THIS MENU IS ONLY
AS A SAMPLE OF THE MENU!

TRUE NANA! BECAUSE THE NUTRITION INTAKE IN

EVERY PEOPLE WILL BE DIFFERENT DEPENDING ON
WEIGHT, HEIGHT, AND GENDER

CONSULT THE DOCTOR FOR QUANTITY AND

TYPE OF FOOD THAT GOOD FOR YOUR DAILY OR
YOUR DIET PLAN

30
 FOR ADDITION, NUNA GIVES YOU FOOD
EXCHANGE LIST FOR DIABETES PATIENT!

Source : American Dietetic Association

EVEN THIS IS A GOOD EXCHANGE FOOD BUT YOU

STILL CONTROL THE FOOD QUANTITY!

31
 HOW? IS NOT IT FUN LEARNING WITH NUNA
AND NANA? HOPE IT'S USEFUL!

NICE TO LEARN TOGETHER WITH YOU GUYS!

THANKYOU AND BYE BYE!

32
 Get your ebook
"KNOW-WELL WITH DIABETES"
with scan this barcode!
Available in Indonesian and
English too!

And contact us in :
diabetes.book2021@gmail.com
For information and order your
physical book!

Special purchase of physical

books, you will get free
"oil used aromatherapy" and
"oil used soap"!
Come on, order your book now!

33
 Reference
American Diabetes Association. 2008. "Nutrition Recommendations
.......and Interventions for Diabetes". Diabetes Care, 31(1), 61-66. doi :
.......10.2337/dc08-S061.

American Diabetes Association. 2020. "What is the Diabetes Plate

.......Method?". Retrieved Sep. , 2021.
.......(https://www.diabetesfoodhub.org/articles/what-is-the-
.......diabetes-plate-method.html).

Binu, S. 2020. “Diabetes Mellitus: Know Your Fasting, Post-Prandial,

.......HBA1C Numbers”. Retrieved Sep. , 2021.
.......(https://www.netmeds.com/health-library/post/diabetes-
.......mellitus-know-your-fasting-post-prandial-hba1c-numbers).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021. "Diabetes Meal

.......Planning". Retrieved Sep. , 2021.
.......(https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/managing/eat-well/meal-
.......plan-method.html).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021. "Medical

.......Nutrition Therapy". Retrieved Sep. , 2021.
.......(https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/dsmestoolkit/reimbursement
......./medical-nutrition-therapy.html).

International Diabetes Federation. 2019. Diabetes Atlas Ninth

........Edition. United States of America.

Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2019. Cara Perawatan

.......Kaki Diabetes. Jakarta : P2PTM KEMENKES RI.
.......(http://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/infographic-p2ptm/penyakit-
.......diabetes-melitus/cara-perawatan-kaki-diabetes).

34
Kusdarwati, A. 2019. “Kendalikan Kadar Gula Darah Anda Dengan
.......Senam Kaki Diabetik”. Retrieved Sep. 3, 2021
.......(https://dinkes.wonogirikab.go.id/pkmwonogiri1/2019/03/28
......./kendalikan-kadar-gula-darah-anda-dengan-senam-kaki-
.......diabetik).

Makarim, F. 2021. “Anjuran Untuk Konsumsi Gula untuk Pengidap

.......Diabetes”. Retrieved Sep. 3, 2021
.......(https://www.halodoc.com/artikel/anjuran-konsumsi-gula-
.......untuk-pengidap-diabetes.

Marianti. 2019. “Mengenal Macam-Macam Pemeriksaan Gula

.......Darah”. Retrieved Sep. 3, 2021
.......(https://www.alodokter.com/mengenal-macam-macam-tes-
.......gula-darah).

Medical News Today. 2021. "7 day diabetes meal plan". Retrieved
.......Sep. 3, 2021
.......(https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318277).

Nareza, M. 2020. “Memenuhi Waktu Tidur yang Ideal Demi

.......Kesehatan”. Retrieved Sep. 3, 2021
......(https://www.alodokter.com/memenuhi-waktu-tidur-yang-
.......ideal-demi-kesehatan).

National Hearth, Lung, and Blood Institute. "Food Exchange Lists".

.......Retrieved Sep. 3, 2021
.......(https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/eat
......./fd_exch.htm).

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases. 2016.

.......“What Is Diabetic?”. Retrieved Sep. 3, 2021
.......https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/
.......overview/what-is-diabetes.

35
Noya, A. 2018. “5 Fakta Hormon Kortisol yang Wajib Dibaca”.
.......Retrieved Sep. 3, 2021
.......(https://www.alodokter.com/5-fakta-hormon-kortisol-yang-
.......wajib-dibaca).

Nuraisyah, F. 2018. "Jurnal Penelitian Faktor Risiko Diabetes

.......Melitus Tipe 2" : 121 – 122.

Puji, A. 2021.“Mengenal Jenis-Jenis Penyakit Diabetes”.

.......Retrieved Sep. 3, 2021
.......(https://hellosehat.com/diabetes/tipe-diabetes).

Putri, N. 2019. “Cara Menghitung IMT atau Indeks Massa Tubuh

......yang Akurat”. Retrieved Sep. 3, 2021
.....(https://www.sehatq.com/artikel/cara-menghitung-indeks-
......massa-tubuh-imt-yang-akurat).

Ratini, M. 2019. "10 Tips to Manage Stress". Retrieved Sep. 3, 2021

(https://www.webmd.com/balance/guide/tips-to-control-
stress).

Rosier, J. (2018). “The 6 rights of administering medication”.

.......Retrieved Sep. 3, 2021
.......(https://www.ihasco.co.uk/blog/entry/2221/6-rights-of-
.......administering-medication).

Tanjung, T. (2015). “Masalah Psikologis Pada Pasien Diabetes”.

.......Retrieved Sep. 3, 2021
.......(https://pkmgamping1.slemankab.go.id/masalah-psikologis-
.......pada-pasien-diabetes).

Winastya, K. (2021). “7 Pemanis Pengganti Gula yang Cocok untuk

.......Penderita Diabetes”. Retrieved Sep. 3, 2021
.......(https://www.merdeka.com/trending/7-pemanis-pengganti-
.......gula-yang-cocok-untuk-penderita-diabetes-kln.html).

36
Diabetes Mellitus or much known in the socieity as diabetes,

do you know what diabetes really is?

How much do you know about diabetes?

In this book you will find many things about diabetes,

such as the understanding of diabetes, diabetes prevention

and management of diabetic patients.

This book will be very suitable for those of you who want to

know more about diabetes easily, because in this book you will

be assisted by Nuna The Nurse and Nana The Patient.

Then what are you waiting for?

Let's read it right now and take advantage of this book!