HOLIDAY HOMEWORK FOR CLASS XI

1.Ice is lighter than water, but the entropy of ice is less than that of water. Explain

2. Define spontaneity or-feasibility of a process.

3. When 1 gm of liquid naphthalene (C10H8) solidifies, 150 J of heat is evolved. What is the
enthalpy of fusion of C10H8?

4. Why most of the exothermic processes (reactions) are spontaneous?

5. The enthalpy of combustion of sulfur is 297 kJ.

Write the thermochemical equation for the combustion of sulfur. What is the value of ΔfH of
SO2?

6. Calculate the maximum work obtained when 0.75 mol of an ideal gas expands isothermally
and reversible at 27°C from a volume of 15 L to 25 L.

7. Two liters of an ideal gas at a pressure of 10 atm expands isothermally into a vacuum until
its. total volume is 10 liters. How much heat is absorbed and how much work is done in the
expansion?

8. CO is allowed to expand isothermally and reversibly from 10 m3 to 20 m3 at 300 K and work
obtained is 4.75 KJ. Calculate the number of moles of carbon monoxide (CO).
R = 8.314 JK-1 mol-1

9. Calculate the bond enthalpy of HCI. Given that the bond enthalpies of H2 and Cl are 430 and
242 kJ mol-1 respectively and for HCI is -91 kJ mol-1.

10. Enthalpy and entropy changes of a reaction are 40.63 kJ mol-1 and 108.8 JK-1 mol-
1
 respectively. Predict the feasibility of the reaction at 27°C.

11. The equilibrium constants for the reactions

N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO And
2NO + O2 ⇌ 2NO2 are K1 and K2 respectively, then what would be the equilibrium constant for
the reactions. N2 + 2O2 ⇌ 2NO2?

12. What is the effect of the following ionization process on the bond order of O2?
O2 → O2+ + e–

13. Draw the Lewis dot diagram of nitric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphorus acid, and
hypophosphorous acid.
14. Out of sigma and pi bonds, which one is stronger and why?

15. Phosphorus pentachloride dissociates in the vapor phase as

PCl5 ⇌ PCl4+ + Cl–
The hybridization of P in PCl5 is sp3d. What is it in PCl4+?
16. Explain the formation of the following molecules according to the orbital concept, F2, HF, O2,
H2O, N2, NH3 molecules.

17. Explain why ionization enthalpies decrease down a group of the Periodic Table.

18. Why does the first ionization enthalpy increase as we go . from left to right across a given
period of the Periodic Table?

19. How do atomic radii vary across a period with an atomic number in the periodic table?
Explain

20. Explain why chlorine has a higher electron affinity than Fluorine? 

21. Two elements C and D have atomic numbers 36 and 58 respectively. On the basis of
electronic configuration predict the following:
(i) The group, period, and block to which each element belongs

(ii) Are they representative elements?

22. Which of the following species will have the largest and the smallest size? Mg, Mg2+, Al, Al3+

23. Calculate the weight of iron which will be converted into its oxide (Fe3O4) by the action of
18 g of steam on it.
24.What are the hybridised states of carbon atoms in the following compounds ?
(1) CH2=C=O
(2) CH3CH=CH2
(3) (CH3)2 C=O
(4) CH=CH2 CN
(5) C6H6

25. Indicate sigma (σ) and pi (Π) bonds in the following molecules :
(1) C H  (2) C H   (3)   CH C   (4) CH NO   (5)  HCONHCH3  (6)  CH =C=CH
6 6 6 12 2 12 3 2 2 2