Üsküdar University Faculty of Eng., Dept.

of Chemical Engineering
2022-2023 Academic Year, Fall Semester, Heat Transfer Midterm Exam (PREPARATORY)
Date : XX.XX.XXXX Time: 10.00 Duration : 80 mins Class: 308
Questions :
Q1. A steel pipe with 50 mm-OD is covered with a 6.4-mm asbestos insulation [k = 0.166 W/m.K]
followed by a 25-mm layer of fiberglass insulation [k = 0.048 W/m.K]. The pipe-wall temperature is
315◦C, and the outside insulation temperature is 38◦C.
a) Calculate the rate of heat transfer (q), b) Calculate the interface temperature between the asbestos
and fiberglass.
Q2. Derive a relation for the critical radius of insulation for a sphere.

r1 : Internal radius of insulation (sphere); r 2 : outside radius of insulation (sphere); ho : Film heat
transfer coefficient; To : Bulk fluid temperature surrounding insulation; k : Thermal conductivity of
insulation

Q3. Water flows on the inside of a steel pipe with an ID of 25 mm. The wall thickness is 2 mm, and the
convection film coefficient on the inside (h i) is 500 W/m2K. The convection coefficient on the outside
(ho) is 12 W/m2K. Calculate the overall heat-transfer coefficients (U o and Ui). What is the main
determining factor for Uo?

Q4. The pipe in Problem Q3 is covered with a layer of asbestos [k = 0.18 W/m.K] while still
surrounded by a convection environment with h = 12 W/m2K.
a) Calculate the critical insulation radius. b) Will the heat transfer be increased or decreased by
adding an insulation thickness of (i) 0.5 mm, (ii) 10 mm?

Q5. A steel tube having k = 46 W/m.K has an inside diameter of 30 mm and a tube wall thickness of
2 mm. A fluid flows on the inside of the tube producing a convection coefficient of 1500 W/m 2K on the
inside surface, while a second fluid flows across the outside of the tube producing a convection
coefficient of 197 W/m2.K on the outside tube surface. The inside fluid temperature is 223 ◦C while the
outside fluid temperature is 57◦C.
a) Calculate the heat lost by the tube per meter of length. b) Calculate the overall heat transfer
coefficients (Uo and Ui). What is the main determining factor for Uo?

Q6. A steel pipe carrying steam has an outside diameter of 89 mm. It is lagged with 76 mm of
insulation having an average k = 0.043 W/m.K. Two thermocouples, one located at the interface
between the pipe wall and the insulation and the other at the outer surface of the insulation, give
temperatures of 115°C and 32°C, respectively. Calculate the heat loss in W per m of pipe.

Q7. A metal steam pipe having an outside diameter of 30 mm has a surface temperature of 400 K and
is to be insulated with an insulation having a thickness of 20 mm and a k of 0.08 W/m · K. The pipe is
exposed to air at 300 K and a convection film coefficient of 30 W/m2 · K.
a) Calculate the critical radius and the heat loss per m of length for the bare pipe.
b) Calculate the heat loss for the insulated pipe assuming that the surface temperature of the pipe
remains constant.
Q8. A reaction mixture having a Cpm = 2.85 kJ/kg.K is flowing at a rate of 7 260 kg/h and is to be
cooled from 377.6 K to 344.3 K. Cooling water at 288.8 K is available and the flow rate is 4 536 kg/h.
The overall heat transfer coefficient Uo is 653 W/m2K.
a) For counterflow, calculate the outlet water temperature and the area Ao of the exchanger.
b) Repeat calculations for cocurrent flow.
Q9. Oil flowing at the rate of 7 258 kg/h with a C pm = 2.01 kJ/kg · K is cooled from 394.3 K to 338.9 K
in a countercurrent flow heat exchanger by water entering at 294.3 K and leaving at 305.4 K.
Calculate the flow rate of the water and the overall heat transfer coefficient Ui if the Ai is 5.11 m2.

Q10. Water flowing at the rate of 13.85 kg/s is to be heated from 54.5 to 87.8°C in a heat exchanger by
54 430 kg/h of hot gas flowing countercurrent flow and entering at 427°C (C pm = 1.005 kJ/kg · K). The
overall heat transfer coefficient Uo = 69.1 W/m2K. Calculate the exit-gas temperature and the heat-
transfer area.

Q11. A plane wall is constructed of a material having a thermal conductivity that varies as the square
of the temperature according to the relation k = k0(1 + βT 2). Derive an expression for the heat
transfer in such a wall (ko and β are constants).

Q12. A hollow sphere is constructed of aluminum with an inner diameter of 40 mm and an outer
diameter of 80 mm. The inside temperature is 100 ◦C and the outer temperature is 50 ◦C. Calculate the
rate of heat transfer.

Q13. Spherical tank, 1 m in diameter, is maintained at a temperature of 120 ◦C and exposed to a

convection environment.With ho = 25 W/m2K and To = 15◦C, what thickness of urethane foam should
be added to ensure that the outer temperature of the insulation does not exceed 40 ◦C? What
percentage reduction in heat loss results from installing this insulation?

Q14. A hot steam pipe having an inside surface temperature of 250◦C has an inside diameter of 80 mm
and a wall thickness of 5.5 mm. It is covered with a 90-mm layer of insulation having k = 0.5 W/m.K,
followed by a 40-mm layer of insulation having k = 0.25 W/m.K. The outside temperature of the
insulation is 20◦C. Calculate the heat lost per meter of length. Assume k = 47 W/m.K for the pipe.

Q15. A wall consists of a 1-mm layer of copper, a 4-mm layer of 1 percent carbon steel, a 10-mm
layer of asbestos sheet, and 10 cm of fiberglass blanket. Calculate the overall heat-transfer coefficient
for this arrangement. If the two outside surfaces are at 10 ◦C and 150◦C, calculate each of the interface
temperatures.

Note : The students are expected to answer any 4 or 5 problems from the list of questions during an
80-minute exam.