STI COLLEGE – GENERAL SANTOS CITY INC.

Jose Catolico Sr. Ave, General Santos City, 9500 South Cotabato

In Partial Fulfillment Presented to the

Sustainable Tourism

Under the

Bachelor of Science in Tourism and Management

CASE ANALYSIS:

Manila Bay Rehabilitation

Buincamino, Hizel

Balinas, Renalyn

Ascar, Yasmin

Brosas, Angel

Bada, Bea Rose

Ardaniel, Shiela Mariz

DECEMBER 2022
1. Provide and explain one by one the indicators which prompted the need for Manila Bay to be
closed for rehabilitation.

Manila Bay serves as the Philippines' main gateway to the rest of the world. It's a place full of
romantic sunsets, modern commerce, and nostalgia. Why, even before modern technology and
airplanes, foreign merchants made their way to Manila via the bay's shores. Unfortunately, it is
also known for its polluted water, foul odor, and trash-filled coastline. Manila Bay inadvertently
serves as a dump site for Metro Manila, where sewage from homes, industries, and agriculture
flows untreated and unchecked. Plastics, food scraps, disposable diapers, and sanitary napkins
float aimlessly in the water. Overfishing and oil spills from ships and tankers poison and kill the
wildlife that survives. Pesticides, fertilizers, heavy metals, and high fecal coliform levels all
contribute to the bay's continued degradation. The following indicators contributed to Manila
Bay's closure for rehabilitation.

The following indicators contributed to Manila Bay's closure for rehabilitation:

Access: The Manila City metropolitan region is the most direct route to Manila Bay. Take a bus
to the districts of Malate or Ermita to access some of the bay's best views. However, Manila's
LRT Doroteo Jose-Recto Station Walkway and Rizal Avenue Intersection do not directly connect
to Manila Bay. But you can travel to Manila Bay by taking the bus to Riverside Dr., walking to
Plaza Mexico Ferry Station, taking the ferry to Noveleta, and then taking a vehicle to Manila Bay.

Remoteness: The following major environmental issues have been identified in Manila Bay:
deterioration of water quality; coastal erosion and siltation; overexploitation of fishery
resources; habitat degradation; and biodiversity loss. Most of the pollution was caused by land-
based human activities such as municipal, industrial, and agricultural waste discharge, runoff,
and atmospheric deposition. The Pasig River basin contributed approximately 21% of the
organic pollution load to Manila Bay, with households accounting for 70% of this load.

Various undesired by products of modern life, including garbage, are routinely discharged into
the Bay due to the misconception that the sea's size makes it capable of absorbing massive
amounts of rubbish without sustaining damage that is visible. Some contaminants, including
inorganic chemicals and not only do heavy metals build up in waterways, but also in the food
chain. The region of the political challenges of pollution's influence transcends geographical
boundaries and time. Implementing thorough, economical management interventions is
complicated. Pollutants Crossing political boundaries has external consequences that are
challenging to quantify and track. They’re considering the multiple origins, channels (water, air,
food), and numerous there is no single authority targets (inhabitants, visitors, habitats, and
resources).

Naturalness: The natural coastline has built resorts and tourist facilities on the west side of the
capital Manila. The scenery is stunning, especially at sunset, when visitors congregate, drink
beer, and wait for the best views. The small bus on the street stands out and calls out to you.

Facility and Site Management: Communicate with stakeholders regarding their rights and
responsibilities, and issues concerning the coastal and marine environment, thereby ensuring
their involvement and active participation in the development and implementation of
environmental management programs. Direct the creation and application of institutional and
 policy frameworks to achieve sustainable development through cross-institutional and
intersectoral collaborations at the national and local levels in Manila Bay. And create
possibilities and new regions in Manila Bay in accordance with environmental goals, policies,
and plans to achieve a balance between environmental management and economic
development.

Social Encounters: The Manila Bay region is home to about 30% of the nation's population. since
May 2000 there are 23,045,442 people living in this region, according to NSO, 2001. 42.6% or so
of this 9,826,622 of the country's total population, which includes Manila, Las Pinas City, Pasay
City, Navotas, Bataan, Bulacan, Pampanga, and Cavite are among the cities mentioned. There
are 13,218.820 people living inland. With 2.17 million residents, Quezon City had the greatest
population in the NCR. Manila came in second with 1.58 million people. Cavite received the
highest score in Southern Tagalog. Laguna, at 1.97 million, has the second-highest population at
2.06 million.
persons.

Visitors Impact: They include problems with trash and pollution, as well as the depletion of local
natural resources. Overconsumption of natural resources due to tourism is a common problem
in areas where there are already limited resources.

Visitors Management: The economy of the nation is significantly influenced by the Manila Bay
Area. It supports important commercial, industrial, agricultural, aquacultural, and tourism-
related industries. The region is home to towns along the bay's rivers and beaches, agricultural
and forested fields in the uplands and lowlands, and rural and urban areas.

2. Explain the effects of the Manila Bay rehabilitation program to the three (3) dimensions of
sustainable tourism (environment, economic, and social).

The Manila Bay rehabilitation program is very helpful to the development and recovery for
sustainable tourism. Its main objective was bringing the coliform concentration in Manila Bay to
a safe level. This is the level of water safety where both people and marine life can enjoy the
waters without fear of getting sick.

• In environmental, the rehabilitation program is sanitizing all bodies of water that are connected
to Manila Bay to detect if where all garbage’s comes from. The program will be devoted to
cleaning up drives alone, partnership with others interested groups. However, the beautification
of Manila Bay has improved the appearance of the bay but the material of the sand, dolomite,
acts as a major hazard to marine life and Filipinos as they can affect their health and the
environment, which makes the budget misplaced. Although the appealing appearance of the
white sand used in the beautification project may seem to attract more tourists, the crushed
dolomite used in the sand can lead to adverse irritation, especially in the respiratory system,
when inhaled which can drive away tourists from visiting. Crushed dolomite also contains high
amounts of heavy metals, such as mercury, lead, and aluminum, which contribute to pollution
and acidity in the waters of Manila Bay.
• The Manila Bay rehabilitation program is a big impact to economic development, the
organization of rehabilitation program are progressing more livelihood and jobs for affected.
However, the pollution and acidity contained in the sand can end up affecting marine life as it
causes stress to the fish living underwater, this stress can weaken their immune system and lead
them to die. When these fishes continue to die, fishermen have a more difficult time catching
fish which can lead to an economy and business drop.

• In social, the household relocated is 10,000 every year. Then the culture change, include the
behavior and attitudes of people towards the used of nature resources for improvement. The
business owners also encouraged to work hand in hand with government to accomplish the
program. So, the local government increasing the effort, then they emphasized for who will
benefit for this. It will also displace thousands of communities that rely on Manila Bay for their
livelihood. This will result in more internal displacement of peoples and migration to cities,
which puts additional strains on these surrounding urban centers.

3. How can this problem be avoided from happening again should you be in charge of Manila
Bay’s rehabilitation.

Manila bay has encountered a lot of trouble and implication because of the lack of knowledge
and some uneducated people so its result a badly harmful result for all the Filipinos we need to
implement control of the number of pollutants and waste that are being released to manila bays
water and follow the rules and regulations to prevent some danger and to not affect the
livelihood and jobs within the bay zone. To avoid this kind of problem we must cooperate and
be discipline in rehabilitation of manila bay to have a safe level where both people and marine
life was enjoyed, and they can no longer be put in a risk. Here what to do we need to come up
to volunteer to clean up the manila bay, but government needs to help us with a program that
will sustain efforts.

• Separate garbage correctly before disposal.

• Biodegradable wastes can, if at all possible, be buried underground and used as compost for our
plants.
• Non-biodegradable garbage can also be divided into recyclable and non-recyclable waste, or
into wet and dry waste.
• The task of our garbage collectors will be made easier and recycling much simpler if we use
these practices in our homes, schools, and workplaces.
• Bring your own drinking vessels, dishes, straws, etc. Single-use plastic items from fast food
deliveries or takeout make up a significant portion of the waste found in our estuaries and
waterways.
• Bring reusable plates, cups, and straws on a regular basis.