CHAPTER 3: Research Methodology

Research Design:

Type of Study

This is a causal study where the impact of paternalistic leadership on employees’ voice
behaviour will examined with the mediating role of employees’ psychological empowerment and
moderating role of power distance orientation between psychological empowerment and
employee voice behaviour will be measured on such basis as self-reported perception involving
respondents with regards to these variables.

Study Setting

This is a field study because participants i.e. employees of government organization will be
contacted on their job to fill the questionnaires in their natural work environment. The sample
respondents that are public sector employees will be contacted on their jobs to get sample data
from real work settings.

Time Horizon

The data for this research will be collected throughout the study period. The data will be cross-
sectional in nature and will be collected over an estimated time of one to two months.

Research Interference

There is no or minimal research interference and this research is based on field study. Cross
sectional data has been collected in this study. The sample mainly consists of managerial level of
different organizations. Data will be collected through a self-administered paper-and-pencil
survey. Almost 300 questionnaires will be distributed. The convenience sampling technique will
be used due to time limitations. The cover letter will be explicitly indicated that the study is
being conducted for academic research purposes only. The reason of using self-administered
questionnaires as survey was primarily that in the past, most researches have used this technique
for data collection in case to measure the impact of paternalistic leadership on employee’s voice
behaviors as well and also used for measuring psychological empowerment and power distance
orientation. Moreover, being cost effective it has advantage of less interference of researcher,
hence reduces the possible bias from the respondent. This technique helps the respondents to
respond in the questionnaires at ease and allows them to take their time for justified and actual
responses.

Unit of Analysis

The unit of analysis for this research thesis is the employees from government sector. The
targeted public sector organizations are located in major cities of Punjab like Rawalpindi
Islamabad.

Population and sampling:

Population

The population of the current study comprises employees of public sector service oriented
organization situated in major cities of Punjab for example cantonment board Rawalpindi. There
is hierarchical setup in offices with well experienced employees as well.

Sampling techniques

The study is based on convenient sampling due to time limitations. The data will be collected
from government organizations. The rationale for which the data collection will be done from
this population was easy and convenient. Additionally, due to time constraint, employees of three
to four public sector service oriented organizations in Rawalpindi and Islamabad will be
approached and 250 questionnaires will be distributed in 3 time-intervals to form a reasonable
sample size.

Data Collection

Non probability sampling will be used in the study to collect data. Purposive sampling technique
incurs relatively less time and financial costs as compared to other sampling techniques therefore
will be instrumental in selecting the sample size quickly and efficiently.
Scales and Measures:

All the study variables will be measured on a 5 point Likert scale ranging from Strongly
Disagreed=1 to strongly agree=5.