Assignment 4

Supervised By

Dr Mohamed Abo Rizka

Prepared By

Saif Allah Mohamed Bakry

What is parallel processing?
Parallel processing is a computing technology in which multiple streams of calculations
or data processing tasks founder via various central processing units (CPUs) working
concomitantly

Types of parallel processing

1. Single Instruction, Single Data
2. Multiple Instruction, Single Data
3. Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data
4. Single Program, Multiple Data
___________________________________________________________________________________________

Single Instruction, Single Data

Single Data (SISD), a single processor is in charge of simultaneously managing a single
algorithm as a single data source. SISD represents a computer organization that includes
a control unit, a processing unit, and a memory unit. It is like the current serial computer.
SISD executes instructions sequentially, depending on its configuration

Multiple Instruction, Single Data

In computers that use the Multiple Instruction, Single Data (MISD) instruction set,
multiple processors are standard. While employing multiple algorithms, all processors
use the same input data. MISD computers can perform multiple operations on the same
batch of data at the same time. The number of operations is, as expected, influenced by
the number of processors available
Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data
Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data, or MIMD, computers are distinguished by the
presence of multiple processors, each of which can accept its instruction stream
independently. These computers contain a large number of processors. Furthermore, each
CPU draws data from a separate data stream. A MIMD computer can perform multiple
tasks at once
__________________________________________________________________________________

Single Program, Multiple Data

SPMD (Single Program, Multiple Data) systems are a subset of MIMD systems.
Although an SPMD computer is built similarly to a MIMD, each of its processors
executes the same instructions. SPMD is a message passing programming language that
is used in computer systems with distributed memory. A distributed memory computer is
made up of a group of separate computers known as nodes
___________________________________________________________________________________________

Parallel processing examples:

1. Supercomputers for use in astronomy
2. Making predictions in agriculture
3. Video post-production effects
What is Distributing processing
Distributed processing is a configuration in which multiple individual central processing
units (CPU) work on the same programmes, functions, or systems to increase the
capability of a computer or other device

Advantages of Distributed Processing

 Reliability
 Scalability
 Flexibility
 Fast calculation speed
 Openness

Disadvantages of Distributed Processing

 Difficult troubleshooting
 Less software support
 High network infrastructure costs
 Security issues

Examples of Distributed Processing

• Telecommunication networks are including telephone and cellular networks, computer
networks such as the Internet, and wireless sensor networks.
• Real-Time Process Control- Aircraft and industrial control systems