Subject Code: Mathematics 4

Module Code: 7.0 Triangle Similarity

Lesson Code: 7.2.2 The Basic Proportionality Theorem Part 2
Time Limit: 30 minutes

From the previous lesson, you have learned the Basic Proportionality Theorem, which states that when a
line intersects two sides of a triangle and is parallel to the third side, it cuts the two sides into proportional
segments. This principle, together with the concept of ratio and proportion aids in solving for the missing
side or sides of a triangle.

Practice Exercises (Time allotment: 29 minutes)

Even-numbered items are graded. Odd-numbered items have answers at the end of the lesson.
Use the principle of the Basic Proportionality Theorem in answering the practice problems that follow.
For your guidance, answers to the odd-numbered items are given on the last page of this lesson. Express
all answers in simplest form. Figures are not drawn to scale.
←
→
1. In 4ABC, BC = 21. PQ cuts sides AB and BC at points P and Q, respectively, and is parallel to
AC. Morover, it divides AB into segments of lengths 6 and 8 units. What are the lengths of the
two segments of BC?

2. In 4XY Z, PM k XY , Y Z = 10, and XZ = 30. What are the lengths of XM and MZ?

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3. In the figure below, XZ is parallel to both AD and BC. Solve for ZD.

←→
4. In the figure below, VO is parallel to both LK and MN. What are the lengths of Y M and V M?

5. In 4ART , ∠T and ∠AY X are both 35◦ . Find AR. Justify why the Basic Proportionality Theorem
applies.

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 6. In the figure, ST k BC, AB = 10 and AC = 8. If the length of SB is 2 units more than length of AT ,
then what is the length of AT ?

Lesson Summary (Time allotment: 1 minute)

• Basic Proportionality Theorem. If a line or segment intersects any two sides of a triangle, and is
parallel to the third side, then it cuts off segments which are proportional to these sides.
• Corollary to the Triangle Sum Theorem. If two triangles have two pairs of congruent corresponding
angles, the the third pair of corresponding angles are also congruent.

References

Albarico, J.M. (2013). THINK Framework. Based on Ramos, E.G. and Apolinario, N. (n.d.). Science
LINKS. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore Inc.
Daniels, A. (2020). We Spent All Day Arguing About This Triangle Brain Teaser. Can You Solve It?
Retrieved from https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/math/a30706968/viral-triangle-brain
-teaser-solved/
Hohenwarter, M., Borcherds, M., Ancsin, G., Bencze, B., Blossier, M., Éliás, J., . . . Tomaschko, M.
(2018, October). GeoGebra 5.0.507.0. (http://www.geogebra.org)
Moise, E. E., & Downs, F. L., Jr. (1991). Geometry. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

Prepared by: Mr. Harold C. Soriano Reviewed by: Mary Gay Antonette G. Magpantay
Position: Special Science Teacher IV Position: Special Science Teacher III
Campus: PSHS-SMC Campus: PSHS-MC

© 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary
information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled
unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.

Mathematics 4 Page 3 of 6
Enrichment Exercises (Optional)

Use the principle of the Basic Proportionality Theorem in answering the practice problems that follow.
For your guidance, answers to the odd-numbered items are given on the last page of this module. Express
all answers in simplest form. (Figures are not drawn to scale.)
−→
1. In 4ABD, ∠CBD is an exterior angle and PR intersects the triangle at points P and Q. Find AB.
Justify why the Basic Proportionality Theorem applies.

2. In the figure, XY k AQ and XQ k AC. Find QC.

3. In the figure, XY k SZ and XZ k ST . Find T Z.

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4. In the figure, RQ k AB, RC ∼
= BQ, AC = x and BC = y. Find the lengths of AR, RC, BQ and QC in
terms of x and y.

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Answer Key

Practice Exercises

1. BQ = 12, QC = 9

3. ZD = 3
27
5. AR = 2; XY and RT are cut by transversal AT forming corresponding angles, each with measure

35. Since the corresponding angles formed are congruent, then XY k RT , making it sufficient to

apply the Basic Proportionality Theorem.

Enrichment Exercises (Optional)

1. AB = 36; It can be shown, by the Triangle Sum Theorem and the Supplement Postulate, that

∠BPQ and ∠BAD are congruent. These angles are corresponding angles formed by PQ and AD

cut by transversal BA. With this, PQ is parallel to AD which guarantees the applicability of the

Basic Proportionality Theorem.

55
3. T Z = 6

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