Class Instruction Manual BES-SRB -Statics Of Rigid Bodies

1. Introduction to Mechanics; Vector Operations

Mechanics- is the oldest branch of physical science which deals with the state of rest
or motion of bodies under the action of forces.

1. Concepts
Rigid Bodies- definite amount of matter that has mass and volume, small
elements of matter that fixed together.
Forces-is the term assigned to mechanical interaction between bodies. A force
can affect both the motion and the deformation of the body on which it acts or
simply a push or a pull.

2. Branches of Mechanics:
A. Statics- deals with the forces and effects of the forces acting upon the rigid
bodies at rest.
B. Dynamics- deals with bodies of motion under the effect of forces. It has two
branches;
a. Kinematics- refers to the study of motion without interference to the forces
causing the motion and
b. Kinetics - refers to the study of forces acting on the bodies in the motion and
their effect in acceleration.
3. Force system
Coplanar are forces lying on the same plane
Concurrent - If all forces intersect at the same point,then we show that the
equivalent system is a single force.
Non-concurrent Force are forces that do not meet in one common point.
Parallel forces that are of the same angle to one another, or a pair of
parallel forces of the same magnitude but oppose direction.
Non-coplanar those who do not share the same plane. Two free vectors and a
point define a single plane. A third vector may or may not share that plane, and if it
does not, they are non-coplanar vectors.
4. Free Body Diagram
The purpose of the free body diagram is to deconstruct a given problem by using
only the necessary information.

Quantities Used in Mechanics:

Scalar Quantities- quantities with magnitude only. Examples are Area, Volume,
Mass, Distance, Speed, Time, Temperature, Pressure, Density, Work, Energy, Power
& etc.
Vectors Quantities- quantities that has a magnitude (positive or negative) and
direction. Examples are Weight, Displacement, Velocity, Impulse, Momentum,
Torque & etc.
*fundamental properties of vectors:
*Representation of Vectors Using Rectangular Components
*Vector Cross and Dot Product

Prepared By: Engr. Jomarey Mongas

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Class Instruction Manual BES-SRB -Statics Of Rigid Bodies

The following summarizes several important properties of fundamental properties of

vectors:

(a) Vectors as Directed Line Segments Any vector A can be represented

geometrically as a directed line segment (an arrow), as shown in Fig. 1.0(a). The
magnitude of A is denoted by A, and the direction of A is specified by the sense of
the arrow and the angle Ɵ that it makes with a fixed reference line. When using
graphical methods, the length of the arrow is drawn proportional to the magnitude
of the vector. Observe that the representation shown in Fig. 1.0(a) is complete
because both the magnitude and direction of the vector are indicated.

Fig. 1.0

(b) Equality of Vectors Two vectors A and B are said to be equal, written as A = B,
if (1) their magnitudes are equal—that is, A = B, and (2) they have the same direction

(c) The Parallelogram Law for Addition and the Triangle Law

The addition of two vectors A and B is defined to be

the vector C that results from the geometric
construction shown in Fig. 1.1(a) .The operation
depicted in Fig. 1.1(a), written as A + B = C, is called
the parallelogram law for addition. The vectors A and
B are referred to as components of C, and C is called
the resultant of A and B. The process of replacing a
resultant with its components is called resolution.

An equivalent statement of the parallelogram law is

the , triangle law which is shown in Fig. 1.1(b)

Letting E, F, and G represent any three vectors, we

have the following two important properties (each
follows directly from the parallelogram law):
Fig. 1.1

Prepared By: Engr. Jomarey Mongas

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Class Instruction Manual BES-SRB -Statics Of Rigid Bodies

• Addition is commutative: E + F = F + E
• Addition is associative: E + (F + G) = (E + F) + G

It is often convenient to find the sum E + F + G (no

parentheses are needed) by adding the vectors
from tip to tail, as shown in Fig. 1.2. The sum of
the three vectors is seen to be the vector drawn
from the tail of the first vector (E) to the tip of the
last vector (G). This method, called the polygon
Fig. 1.2 rule for addition, can easily be extended to any
number of vectors

The subtraction of two vectors A and B, written as

A − B, is defined as A − B = A + (−B), as shown in
Fig. 1.3.

Fig. 1.3

Table 1.0

Prepared By: Engr. Jomarey Mongas

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Class Instruction Manual BES-SRB -Statics Of Rigid Bodies

Sample Problem
1. Figure (a) shows two position vectors of magnitudes A = 60 ft and B = 100 ft.
(A position vector is a vector drawn between two points in space.) Determine
the resultant R = A + B using the following methods: (1) analytically, using the
triangle law; and (2) graphically, using the triangle law.

2. The vertical force P of magnitude 100 kN is applied to the frame

shown in Fig. (a). Resolve P into components that are parallel to the
members AB and AC of the truss.

Prepared By: Engr. Jomarey Mongas

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Class Instruction Manual BES-SRB -Statics Of Rigid Bodies

Solve the following Exercises:

1.11 The magnitudes of the two velocity vectors are v1 =
3 m/s and v2 = 2 m/s.Determine their resultant v = v1 +
v2.
1.12 Determine the magnitudes of vectors v1 and v2 so
that their resultant is a horizontal vector of magnitude 4
m/s directed to the right. Fig. 1.11 & 1.12
1.13 The total aerodynamic force F acting on the airplane
has a magnitude of 6250 lb. Resolve this force into vertical
and horizontal components (called the lift and the drag,
respectively).
1.14 Resolve the 200-lb force into components along (a) the
x- and y-axes and (b) the x - and y-axes. Fig. 1.13
1.15 The velocity vector of the boat has two components: v1
is the velocity of the water, and v2 is the velocity of the boat
relative to the water. If v1 = 3 mi/h and v2 = 5 mi/h,
determine the velocity vector of the boat.

Fig. 1.14

Fig. 1.15
Fig. 1.16 Fig. 1.17

1.16 The two tugboats apply the forces P and Q to the barge,
where P = 76 kN and Q = 52 kN. Determine the resultant of P
and Q
1.17 The 500-N weight is supported by two cables, the cable
forces being F1 and F2 . Knowing that the resultant of F1 and
F2 is a force of magnitude 500 N acting in the y-direction, Fig. 1.18
determine F1 and F2.
1.18 Determine the resultant of the position vectors A and B
1.19 Resolve the position vector A of the car (measured from
fixed point O) into components parallel to OB and OC

1.20 Resolve the 360-lb force into components along the Fig. 1.19
cables AB and AC. Use α = 55◦ and β = 30◦.

Fig. 1.20 & 1.21

Prepared By: Engr. Jomarey Mongas

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Class Instruction Manual BES-SRB -Statics Of Rigid Bodies

1.21 The supporting cables AB and AC are oriented so that the components of the
360-lb force along AB and AC are 185 lb and 200 lb, respectively. Determine the
angles α and β.
1.22 The two forces shown act on the structural member AB. Determine the
magnitude of P such that the resultant of these forces is directed along AB.

Fig. 1.22 Fig. 1.23 Fig. 1.25

Fig. 1.24

1.23 The resultant of the two forces has a magnitude of 650 lb. Determine the
direction of the resultant and the magnitude of P.
1.24 The forces acting on the bob of the pendulum are its weight W (W = 2 lb) and
the tension T in the cord. When the pendulum reaches the limit of its swing at θ =
30◦, it can be shown that the resultant of W and T is perpendicular to the cord.
Determine the magnitude of T in this position.
1.25 A surveyor sights a target at C from points A and B, recording the angles North
East 42.5° 63.8° a 200 m b C A B shown. Determine the magnitudes of the position
vectors a and b.
1.26 Determine the following resultants of the position vectors given in the figure,
and show the results in a sketch of the “box”: (a) A + B; and (b) B + C. ∗
1.27 To move the oil drum, the resultant of the three forces shown must have a
magnitude of 500 N. Determine the magnitude and direction of the smallest force F
that would cause the drum to move.
1.28 The resultant of the 50-lb and 30-lb forces is R. If R = 65 lb, determine the
angles α and β.

Fig. 1.26 Fig. 1.27 Fig. 1.28

Prepared By: Engr. Jomarey Mongas