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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
Misamis Street, Bago-Bantay, Quezon City

UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING

MATERIALS
(USLeM)

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS AND IMMERSION

Week 1
Writer Illustrator Language Editor
Mark Archei O. Javier Felman L. Maninang Vanneza Clare G. Martinez

Content Validators
Ma. Pilar P. Carmona
Loreta L. Salvador
Luzviminda A. Dinglasan

MANAGEMENT TEAM
Dr. Malcolm S. Garma
Regional Director
Dr. Genia V. Santos Ms. Charito A. Villanueva
Chief, CLMD EPS, CLMD-ALS
Mr. Dennis M. Mendoza Ms. Nancy C. Mabunga
EPS, CLMD – LRMS Librarian II, CLMD-LRMS

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grade 12 – Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion

BRAINSTORMING FOR RESEARCH TOPICS

EXPECTATIONS
This Supplementary Learning Material will help you to prepare a plan and focus on issues and
ideas in a given field of study. Specifically, this learning material will allow you to:

• analyze research task

• choose broad and specific research topics; and
• formulate research questions and identify potential resources

PRETEST
A. Directions: Write A if the topic written below is narrow and B if broad. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Climate change in the Philippines
2. Rice varieties that exhibit increased vulnerability to droughts and floods
3. Leadership for the rehabilitation of mined land areas
4. Human gene therapy in fighting diseases
5. Sleep and academic performance

B. Directions: Identify the type of research shown in each research topics below. Write A if it
is qualitative and B if quantitative. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Effects of computer game addiction to academic grades of SHS students in NCR
2. Learning styles and skills of students under the ABM track.
3. Public transport system in the Philippines: is it good or bad?
4. The extent of student engagement in Philippine politics
5. Efficiency rate of vaccines for COVID-19

C. Directions: Written below are various research questions. Identify if they are specific or
general questions. Write A for specific and B for general research questions. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the effect of global warming?
2. Why do some Grade 11 students perform better than Grade 12 students?
3. What are the effects of good teaching strategies to the academic performance of
students?
4. What is the relationship between physical activity levels and childhood obesity?
5. Should abortion be legal in the Philippines?

LOOKING BACK
A. Directions: Arrange the research process below to be able to help you in planning for
your research topic. Write numbers 1 – 7 on the space inside the box.

______ Write your ______ Develop a ______ Define your topic

problem statement research strategy

______ Document your ______ Evaluate your ______ Write and revise
resources resources your paper

______ Make an outline

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grade 12 – Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
B. Directions: Analyze the illustrative situation below and answer the questions that follow.

Figure 1. Illustration for analysis.

Guide Questions:
1. Describe what you see from the illustration.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. Do you think that the situation warrants an investigation? Why or why not?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. Suggest possible outcomes for the particular situation found in the illustration.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Research Approaches
Research Approaches
You have learned before that there
are different types of research approaches. In
this module, the basic approaches that you
may use in doing your research are: (1) Qualitative Quantitative
qualitative, (2) quantitative, and (3) mixed
methods. Mixed Methods
Qualitative research involves data
gathering, analyzing, and interpreting based Figure 2. Types of Research Approaches
on observations made about the participants
of the study. According to Creswell (2003),
this process involves drafting questions and procedures, collecting data based on participant’s
setting, analyzing data from specific to general, and making interpretations of the meaning of
the data. Examples may involve case studies, narrative and phenomenological researches.

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grade 12 – Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
Quantitative research, on the other hand, geared toward measuring hypothesis using
statistical tools. It is more objective than qualitative research. Examples are researches that
can generate numerical data. Finally, mixed methods research involves the integration of both
qualitative and quantitative approaches. In planning your research, it is important that you
choose the most appropriate approach that you want to do.

Research Planning
Every time you ask a question, and you look for reliable facts to answer the question,
whether the question is as simple as finding the cheapest brand of mobile phone to buy or as
complex as understanding the origin of life, you are already doing research. It is important to
take into consideration a lot of things in planning your research. The first thing to do is to
choose your research topic. This is the first step in designing and planning your research. The
research topic that you or your team should choose must be of interest to you. Although this
may seem like common sense, it is necessary to remind yourself that researchers engage in
research because they have genuine interest in the field that they chose. Your basic curiosity
about the topic you have chosen would provide sufficient motivation for you to pursue your
research (Marczyk et al., 2005).
In planning for a particular topic in your field of interest, you can also consider looking
at research problems that need to be solved. Start with the problems that you see at home, in
the school, and even in your community. You may also take into account in your research plan
various topics based on the results of prior researches. Previously conducted researches can
be a source of ideas in drafting your research plan. Finally, theories can serve as a good
source of research ideas. They function as a rich source of hypotheses that can be examined
through survey or experimentation (Jonker & Pennink, 2010).
To summarize, researchers’ interest and curiosity, problems that need to be solved,
previous researches, and theories can be of great help to you in planning for your research.
As you practice the craft of academic research today, make sure to prepare yourself to do
research that will one day impact our society. In doing research, keep in mind that you have
to create the right kinds of questions that you would want the right answers.

Moving from a Topic to Questions to Hypotheses

Engaging in research studies is an exciting and rewarding endeavor. For you to be
able to create a good research plan, it is imperative that you remember the following:
1. Choose your topic of interest. Pick any topic appropriate to your wanted field.
2. Be SMART. Make sure to follow the SMART rule – specific, measurable, attainable,
realistic, and time-bound.
3. Question your topic. This should not be done just once but all throughout the research
project. Ask how and why questions that you intend to answer in your research.
4. Evaluate your questions. You may find that not all answers can be so useful. With this,
make sure to evaluate your questions and remove those that would unlikely provide
good answers (Turabian, 2013).
5. Propose some working answers. Think of plausible answers, even if they are sketchy
or impossible. Do not worry yet whether your answers are right or wrong.
6. Decide on a working hypothesis. If one answer seems to be promising, use it as your
working hypothesis in guiding you throughout your research.

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grade 12 – Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
7. Beware of the risks of your working hypothesis. Do not settle on your working
hypothesis as your final answer. Your working hypothesis becomes a risk if it blinds
you to better answers or if you can’t give it up even if your evidences says you should.
8. If you can’t find the answers, argue for your questions. Ask questions after questions
will help you develop your critical thinking skills.
9. Build a storyboard to plan and guide your work. Create a detailed plan. Make a timeline
of what you should do for the entire duration of your research.
10. Organize everything. After you have gathered your thoughts about the research that
you will do, make sure to organize them so that you can easily go back to correct your
work and make major adjustments.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1. Analyzing Your Research Task
Directions: Analyze the example research task below and identify the important factors that
you need to consider when your teacher gives you a research assignment. You may write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Example research task:

Write a 1500-word essay examining the importance of abiding to the rules of Inter-
Agency Task Force (IATF) during the time of COVID-19 pandemic. Find at least 5 scholarly
and reliable sources (journals or news reports) to cite the importance of handwashing, social
distancing, and wearing of facemasks. Style and citation formatting should follow APA style.
The assignment is due on the first week of May.

Identify the following information from the given example above.

Topic:
_______________________________________________________________________

Purpose:
_______________________________________________________________________

Sources or Source Types:

_______________________________________________________________________

Format:
_______________________________________________________________________

Deadline:
_______________________________________________________________________

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grade 12 – Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
Activity 2. Choosing Your Research Topic
Directions: In the space below, list down at least three (3) research topics that are of great
interest to you. Also indicate subtopics related to your chosen research topics.

Example:

Topic: Blended / Modular Learning

Subtopics:
• Problems related to blended / modular learning
• Difficulties in blended / modular learning due to internet connectivity
• Challenges faced by students and teachers in blended / modular learning

Topic: _________________

Subtopics:

Topic: _________________

Subtopics:

Topic: _________________

Subtopics:

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grade 12 – Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
Activity 3. Formulating Research Questions
A. Directions: Choose one topic from the box below and formulate potential 5Ws and H
research questions.

Research Topics to Chosen Topic:

Choose From: _____________________________________________

• Senior High School Who

Research Amid _____________________________________________
COVID-19 What
Pandemic _____________________________________________
• Social Media and When
Education _____________________________________________
• Coping Strategies of Where
Students Taking _____________________________________________
Blended Learning Why
_____________________________________________
How
_____________________________________________

B. Directions: Formulate your draft of general and specific research questions that you
may use for your chosen research topic.

General Question:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Specific Questions:
1. ___________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________

Activity 4. Identifying Potential Resources

Directions: List down the specific types of sources (books, software app, website, etc.) that
you may use for your research.

Printed Materials (book,

newspapers, etc.)
Online Materials (journals,
research papers, etc.)
Social Media (vlog, software
application, etc.)
Websites
Other Sources (speech,
correspondence, photograph,
map, etc.)

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grade 12 – Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion

REMEMBER

• There are three types of research approaches namely qualitative, quantitative, and
mixed methods.
• In research planning, it is important to choose your topic of interest. This will make
you engage in your research.
• It is important to analyze the research task given by your teacher.
• A good research question can be used as an important tool for focusing or narrowing
your topic. You may generate questions using the journalistic approach of asking
who, what, where, when, why, and how.
• The type of sources that you will use to support your research will provide your work
with stronger argument and analysis.
• Be SMART in choosing your research. Follow the SMART (specific, measurable,
attainable, realistic, and time-bound) rule in planning your research.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions: Identify the topic from the sample research questions below and formulate an
appropriate research title.
1. Sample Research Questions:
a. What are the causes of addiction of teenagers to online games?
b. What are the external factors that push their addiction to online games?
c. What are the possible negative effects of addiction to online games?

Guide Questions:
What is the topic of the research?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Based on the statements of the problem, formulate a possible research title.

_______________________________________________________________________

2. Sample Research Questions:

a. How is family income affected during COVID-19 pandemic?
b. What are the factors that affect the increase or decrease of family income during
pandemic?

Guide Questions:
What is the topic of the research?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Based on the statements of the problem, formulate a possible research title.
_______________________________________________________________________

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UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grade 12 – Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
POSTTEST
Directions: Identify if the statements below are parts of research planning. Write A if it is part
of research plan and B if not.
1. Writing conclusion
2. Analyzing data
3. Choosing a topic based on your interest
4. Drafting general and specific research questions
5. Identifying recommendations based on your research
6. Identifying if your research approach is qualitative, quantitative, or both
7. Specifying the journal articles used in the research
8. Taking into consideration a research that is S.M.A.R.T.
9. Evaluating and interpreting data
10. Deciding for the working hypothesis

REFERENCES

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. (2003). Research design (pp. 155-179). Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage publications.
Jonker, J., & Pennink, B. (2010). The essence of research methodology: A concise guide for
master and PhD students in management science. Springer Science & Business
Media.
Marczyk, G., DeMatteo, D., & Festinger, D. (2005). Essentials of research design and
methodology. John wiley & sons, Inc..
Turabian, K. L. (2013). A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations:
Chicago style for students and researchers. University of Chicago Press.

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ANSWER KEY
PRETEST POSTTEST
A. B. C. 1. B 6. A
1. B 1. B 1. B 2. B 7. B
2. A 2. A 2. B 3. A 8. A
3. A 3. B 3. A 4. A 9. B
4. B 4. A 4. A 5. B 10. A
5. A 5. B 5. B
LOOKING BACK
A. From left to right:
2–4–1
7–5–6
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B. Answers may be similar to these:
1. A traffic incidence where two cars collided. The drivers of the cars are talking
while the traffic officer is listening
2. Yes. The situation warrants an investigation because it has to be identified the
driver who is at fault.
3. The possible outcome of the situation is that the traffic officer would be able to
identify the driver who should be reprimanded.
ACTIVITY 1
Topic: Rules of IATF during COVID-19 pandemic
Purpose: To cite the importance of handwashing, social distancing, and wearing of
facemasks.
Sources or Source Types: at least 5 scholarly and reliable sources (journals or news reports)
Format: APA format
Deadline: 1st Week of May
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Answers may be similar to these:
1.
Topic of the research
Online games addiction
Based on the statements of the problem, formulate a possible research title.
Negative Effects of Online Gaming Addiction to Teenagers
2.
Guide Questions:
What is the topic of the research?
Family income during COVID-19 pandemic
Based on the statements of the problem, formulate a possible research title.
Factors that Affect Family Income During the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic
Grade 12 – Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS