Labour India Gurukulam Public School

and Junior College

Marangattupily, Kottayam, Kerala- 686635

BIOLOGY PROJECT

Submitted by
Name : Ayshwarya Ajith
Reg.No:
 Labour India Gurukulam Public School
and Junior College
Marangattupily, Kottayam, Kerala- 686635

Bonafide Certificate
This is to certify that this is a bonafide project work carried out under our
supervision and guidance in the academic year 2022-2023 by Rahul
Bhaskar\Ayshwarya Ajith of class 12 regd no: of this school, which is
submitted in partial fulfilment for the AISSCE of the central board of secondary
education

Principal Teacher In Charge

Submitted for the examination held on ………………..

External Examiner Internal Examiner

 Declaration
I Ayshwarya Ajith Do hereby declare that the project entitled ____________.
Has been taken by me in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
completion of Senior Secondary Course of Central Board of Secondary
Education. I have completed the work under the guidance and supervision of
Mrs Sreekala, Teacher in Biology, Labour India Public School and Junior
school and Junior college ,Marangattupilly, Kottayam,Kerala,686635.

I also declare that this is my genuine work and this work has not been
submitted by me anywhere else.

Name:Ayshwarya Ajith
Signature:
 Acknowledgement
I am glad to present this bonafide project work which is a curriculum
requirement for class 12 for the AISSCE 2022-2023.

I take this opportunity to acknowledge the valuable assistance I have received

from various quarters during the preparation of this project work entitled as
__________

I consider myself as a fortunate student of Mrs sreekala , Teacher in biology ,

Labour India Public School . I am deeply touched by her efforts and proper
guidance evinced by her for making corrections and suggestions for
improvement in each stage of this project and thank her for the support
throughout the course.

I remember with gratitude the parental affection and support that Guru Shri
George Kulangara , Chairman , Labour India Group of Educational Institution ,
gave to me during the course of my work.

I express my sincere gratitude to Mrs Suja k George , Principal , Labour India

Public School , for her encouragement and for all the facilities she provided for
making this project a full proof of success.

I express with great affection and gratitude to my parents and students who
rendered all possible assistance for this project work.
Above all I thank God almighty for eternal providence and grace which he has
showered upon me ever since i addressed toward his work ,

With Heartfelt Thanks

Name : Ayshwarya Ajith.

 Awareness about the effects of tobacco
consumption on oral health and the possibility of
smoking behaviour among adults and
adolescents.
 CONTENTS

● INTRODUCTION
-smoking
-how smoking affects your health

● PROCEDURE

● OBJECTIVE

● QUESTIONNAIRE

● SURVEY

● RESULTS

● CONCLUSION

● DISCUSSION

● BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION

According to the WHO, 6 million people die because of tobacco smoking

and an estimated 600,000 individuals lose their lives due to second-hand
smoke globally each year. A recent study found that smoking is related to
about 20% adult mortality around the world. It is projected that smoking
will cause the death of 8 million people every year by 2030 and 80% of
these deaths will occur in low- and middle-income countries. Smoking is
associated with increased the risk of cardiovascular and chronic respiratory
diseases, stroke, and cancers of many organs of the body such as mouth,
larynx, lungs, kidneys, cervix, and pancreas.
There are significant negative impacts of smoking on health-care system
and society[5] causing huge direct health-care expenditures and indirect
costs in the form of the loss of productivity and income for families.

Large body of epidemiological evidence reveals that smoking is related to

oral conditions which include periodontal disease, gingival recession,
tooth loss, dental caries, staining of teeth, halitosis, benign mucosal
conditions, and precancerous and malignant oral lesions.[9] Smokers live
approximately 10 years lesser than never smokers,[10] and smoking
cessation efforts can reduce 97% risk of death associated with continuing
smoking before the age of 30 years.[11] This underscores the importance of
increasing the awareness about the negative consequences of smoking
among adolescents so that morbidities, mortalities, and oral and systematic
health inequalities resulting from smoking can be prevented at an earlier
age.
Smoking
In the early times, people could buy cigarettes and smoke pretty much anywhere — even in
hospitals! Ads for cigarettes were all over the place. Today we're more aware about how bad
smoking is for our health. Smoking is restricted or banned in almost all public places and
cigarette companies are no longer allowed to advertise on TV, radio, and in many magazines.

Almost everyone knows that smoking causes cancer, emphysema, and heart disease; that it can
shorten your life by 10 years or more; and that the habit can cost a smoker thousands of dollars
a year. So how come people are still lighting up? The answer, in a word, is addiction.

Once You Start, It's Hard to Stop.

Smoking is a hard habit to break because tobacco contains nicotine, which is highly addictive.
Like heroin or other addictive drugs, the body and mind quickly become so used to the nicotine in
cigarettes that a person needs to have it just to feel normal.

People start smoking for a variety of different reasons. Some think it looks cool. Others start
because their family members or friends smoke. Statistics show that about 9 out of 10 tobacco
user’s start before they're 18 years old. Most adults who started smoking in their teens never
expected to become addicted. That's why people say it's just so much easier to not start smoking
at all.

How smoking affects your health?

There are no physical reasons to start smoking. The body doesn't need tobacco the way it needs
food, water, sleep, and exercise. And many of the chemicals in cigarettes, like nicotine and
cyanide, are actually poisons that can kill in high enough doses.

The body is smart. It goes on the defense when it's being poisoned. First-time smokers often feel
pain or burning in the throat and lungs, and some people feel sick or even throw up the first few
times they try tobacco.

The consequences of this poisoning happen gradually. Over the long term, smoking leads people
to develop health problems like heart disease, stroke, emphysema, and many types of cancer
-including lung, throat, stomach, and bladder cancer. People who smoke also have an increased
risk of infections like bronchitis and pneumonia.

These diseases limit a person's ability to be normally active, and they can be fatal.

Smokers not only develop wrinkles and yellow teeth, they also lose bone density, which
increases their risk of osteoporosis, a condition that causes older people to become bent over
and their bones to break more easily. Smokers also tend to be less active than nonsmokers
because smoking affects lung power.

Smoking can also cause fertility problems and can impact sexual health in both men and women.
Girls who are on the pill or other hormone-based methods of birth control increase their risk of
serious health problems, such as heart attacks, if they smoke.
Procedure
Identify an older person that uses cigarettes or tobacco
in any form. Ensure that the person is willing to be a
participant and can answer your questions.

Objective
To investigate an association between the awareness about the effects of
tobacco consumption on oral health & raise awareness about the harmful
effects of the same. This project will help you understand in depth the
perceptions young adults have on tobacco consumption & the possibility
of smoking behaviour in them.
 QUESTIONNAIRE

1. What is your name & age?

2. Do you smoke?
-yes/no/yes, I used to but I quit smoking.

YES NO
3. When did you start smoking? 3.Would you like to start
smoking?
4. How often do you smoke? 4. Do you know about the
harmful effects of smoking?
5. Do you know about the 5. Have you been asked to
harmful effects of smoking? smoke before?
6. How did you start smoking? 6. Does anyone in your family or
friends smoke?
7. What are the changes that you 7. Do you want to continue
noticed after you started tobacco consumption even after
smoking?/ & what are the learning about the harmful
changes you noticed after you effects of it?
quit smoking?
8. Do you have any health
issues acquired due to smoking?

9. Do you want to continue

tobacco consumption even after
learning about the harmful
effects of it?

10. Does smoking help you in

any way?
Survey of people
 RESULTS
Increasing the awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco
consumption on oral health should be incorporated in smoking cessations
campaigns and programs. The people who were aware of smoking effects
on oral health were less likely to smoke than those who were unaware of
negative consequences of smoking.

Strong epidemiological evidence has shown that smoking behavior is

associated with oral complications such as oral cancers, periodontal
disease, halitosis, and dental caries.[9] It is encouraging to see vast
majority of people aware of the adverse effects of smoking, which include
poor oral health, bad taste, malodor, caries, periodontal disease, oral
ulcers, and oral cancers. Interestingly, awareness about the detrimental
smoking effects on oral health in the present study significantly reduced
the probability of smoking among young adults.

The odds of smoking were 22%–47% lower among adolescents who were
aware of oral health consequences of smoking than those who were
unaware of smoking effects. Similarly, schoolchildren who considered that
smoking can compromise the oral health and cause oral ulcers had more
than 60% less chances of smoking in comparison with those who did not
believe in oral complications of tobacco use.
These findings are particularly important as children develop their lifelong
oral health-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors during adolescence that
can lead to good or poor oral health status in adulthood.

We can also see that the existence of tobacco use among parents, sibling
and immediate relatives can cause adolescents to initiate smoking.
 CONCLUSION

The findings of the study suggest that schoolchildren with raised

awareness of smoking effects on oral health were less likely to smoke. The
adolescents who believed that tobacco consumption can adversely affect
their oral health had lower probability of smoking than those who were not
aware of the negative consequences of tobacco use on oral tissues.

It is suggested that antismoking policies aimed at enforcing the control of

tobacco use and improving oral and systemic health should consider the
support of family members particularly parents. Supportive environment
for developing healthy life styles among children should be created
utilizing possibilities of interaction among teachers, parents, and
health-care providers in schools. Educating students about the
complications of smoking on oral health should be the part of smoking
cessation programs and policies. Future research should evaluate if the
effects of tobacco use lead students to perform poorly at schools.
Moreover, to reduce smoking related health inequalities among
schoolchildren, the role of academic achievement should be investigated in
future studies.
DISCUSSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

● https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5379831/
● https://www.1000sciencefairprojects.com/Biology/how-cigaret
tes-affect-your-health.php
● http://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/surveillance/reporton
trendstobaccosmoking/en/
● http://www.who.int/tobacco/economics/en/