ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

PREPARED BY
PAYAL KAPOOR
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
 TYPES OF GLANDS
• There are three types of glands- endocrine glands, exocrine glands
and heterocrine glands.
• Endocrine glands do not have ducts to carry the secretion and they
produces the hormones for eg. pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands.
• Exocrine glands do have ducts to carry their secretion for e.g. sweat
glands, salivary glands and pancreas.
• Heterocrine glands are those glands which have both exocrine and
endocrine part. Pancreas is called heterocrine gland because it
secretes the hormone insulin into blood which is an endocrine
function and enzymes into digestive tract which is an exocrine
function.
 HORMONES
• Hormones are the chemical substances secreted by the endocrine
glands and transmitted by the blood to the tissues on which it has a
specific effect.
• Hormones are also called chemical messengers because they are
produced at one end of body and act on other part of the body.
• The hormones are generally slow in action.
WORKING OF HORMONES
• The pituitary gland is the master gland controlling the activity of other
glands. It is present just below the brain.
• pituitary gland secretes growth hormone that regulates the growth
and development of an organism.
• Thyroid gland is situated in neck region and produces thyroxine
hormone.
• Thyroid gland needs iodine to make thyroxine which helps in
regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
Deficiency of iodine cause a disease called goiter.
• Adrenal gland produces adrenaline and it is secreted at the time of
fear, fight or flight.
• Testis produces male hormone known as testosterone required to
develop male secondary sexual characteristics such as beard and
moustaches.
• Testosterone stimulates formation of sperms and growth and
development of male accessory glands, e.g. prostate, penis etc.
• Ovary produces estrogen required to develop female secondary
sexual characteristics such as enlargement of breast and onset of
menstrual cycle.
• Estrogen stimulates the formation of ova.
• Pancreas produces insulin and glucagon which regulate glucose
metabolism in our body.
• Deficiency of insulin hormone in the body causes a disease known as
diabetes.
• Feedback Mechanism: It makes sure that hormones are secreted in
precise quantities and at right time.
THANK YOU