Introduction

The basic equipment manufacturing industry is the foundation of the national economy. A drilling
machine is a tool used for drilling holes in various types of wood, plastic and metal. The
development of numerical control industry, especially the research on the high precision, high speed
and high stability of numerical control machine tools, plays an important role in the technological
transformation, transformation and upgrading of machinery manufacturing industry, and is the top
priority of the development of high-end technology industry. Nowadays, the manufacturing industry has
higher and higher requirements for the precision of parts. Many countries also take the research and
development of precision and ultra precision machine tools as key projects. In order to maintain high
accuracy of high-speed machine tools under high acceleration, it is necessary to have small mass and
high rigidity of moving parts of machine tools, and use the least structural materials to bear the
maximum external force, that is to say, to achieve high specific rigidity, that is, the best structural
efficiency.

Column is the core component of the machine tool, whose strength, stiffness and stability will directly
affect the machining accuracy, processing efficiency, seismic resistance and service life of the machine
tool Therefore, static analysis is needed to verify whether the strength and maximum deformation meet
the design requirements. The column is a vibration system with multiple degrees of freedom, which
requires dynamic analysis to extract the natural frequency and vibration mode, so as to prevent the
machine tool from resonance caused by vibration force during drilling. the performance analysis of a
machine tool column under development was carried out. an experimental study on the dynamic
performance of the whole machine for MS1320 high-speed cylindrical grinder to find out the weak links
and main vibration sources of the machine. The machine is analyzed dynamically by means of
experimental mode analysis, and the low order natural frequency and damping ratio of the machine are
obtained. The forced vibration caused by the dynamic force of the drive parts of the grinding machine
was diagnosed by the empty running test of the machine tool, and the internal vibration source of the
grinding machine was found, and the improvement measures were put forward. put forward a design
method for the position of three-point support bed mat, and obtained the arrangement rule of three-
point support bed.

Problem

The design of a drilling machine column must take into account several factors in order to ensure the
safety and efficiency of operation. The first factor to consider is the material that will be used for the
column construction. Steel is often the best material since it is strong and Economical. However,
aluminum and other materials can also serve as viable options depending on the application
requirements.

Second, considerations must also be made for stiffness and rigidity of the column design. The stiffness of
the column should be designed high enough so that vibrations caused by machining processes do not
cause any problems with accuracy or damage to other components. Thirdly, sufficient strength must be
present so that the columns maintain yields strength, even under heavy loads e.g due to long drill bits or
blunt drill bits contacting its wall surface when drilling deep holes. Last but not least, clearance is
important to allow egress without damage of shavings accumulated during machining operations. This
means leaving some headroom between components such as workpieces and tooling as well as making
sure there are no sharp edges which could damage components during installation or assembly
processes.

The objective of designing the column of a drilling machine is to provide a rigid and robust base frame,
while allowing for ease of operator use and accurate machining. The column should be designed to
withstand the loads generated by both cutting and gripping forces, as well as vibration from rapid
rotation rates that may occur during certain drilling operations. Additionally, the columns should be
constructed with materials that are capable of resisting wear over time.

Method

1. Determine the parameters of the machine and forces that need to be supported: Firstly, determine
the weight of the load and diameter of the drill bit that will be used with the machine. Also, consider any
dynamic loads and vibrations that may be present.

2. Analyses stress on column: Analyses stresses on the column by conducting a stress analysis taking into
account all loads, including static, dynamic and vibration loads. Calculate factor of safety between
column strength and applied force for each load condition.

3. Optimisation for minimum weight: Use finite element analysis (FEA) or other numerical optimisation
technique to generate minimum weight design solutions which provide acceptable factored safety
requirements from step 2 above

4. Choosing structural shapes: Select structural shape based on desired stiffness and minimum weight
from Step 3

5. Detailed drawing preparation: Finally prepare detailed engineering drawings of selected shape in
Computer Aided Design (CAD) software for fabrication approval

Hypothesis

1. The column of the drilling machine should be designed to accommodate high torque and withstand
heavy loads.

2. The minor diameter of the column should be calculated based on its expected load capacity, and it
should allow for vibration isolation.

3. The column should be made from a durable material such as steel or aluminum to ensure long lasting
rigidity and accuracy.

4. It should feature an internal coolant system with optimized cooling channels to reduce heat build-up
during machining operations.

5. A streamlined design that minimizes air drag can allow for better drilling performance and energy
efficiency.

6. Sensors embedded within the body of the column can help improve measurement accuracy in
machining applications.