Name: Gonzales, Alyanna E.

Strand: Gas 12

RESEARCH TITLE

Effectiveness of Mental Health

on Covid-19

BACKGROUND STUDY

The covid-19 pandemic declared by WHO on 11 th March 2020, has help and
social consequences with few peacetime precedents. The immediate focus of research
and policy has understandably been on direct control of the outbreak and it’s
repercussions for frontline staff. It is hypothesized that they maybe disproportionately
negatively affected because the area already more likely to be experiencing social
isolation and exclusion, stigma, financial employment, and housing difficulties.
Public health emergencies may affect the health, safety, and well-being of both
individuals (causing, for example, insecurity, confusion, emotional isolation, and stigma)
and communities (owing to economic loss, work and school closures, inadequate
resources for medical response, and deficient distribution of necessities). These effects
may translate into a range of emotional reactions (such as distress or psychiatric
conditions), unhealthy behaviors (such as excessive substance use), and
noncompliance with public health directives (such as home confinement and
vaccination) in people who contract the disease and in the general population.
The Covid-19 pandemic has alarming implications for individual and collective
health and emotional and social functioning. In addition to providing medical care,
already stretched health care providers have an important role in monitoring
psychosocial needs and delivering psychosocial support to their patients, health care
providers, and the public — activities that should be integrated into general pandemic
health care.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

 The findings of the study might be helpful in identifying knowledge and attitude of
mental health on covid-19

 Lack of knowledge about covid-19 maybe the limitation for study

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Covid-19 is a zoonotic virus. It is a virus that can transmitted to humans. It is a

new virus with his own characteristics. The covid-19 virus is unique among human
coronaviruses which has capacity of high transmissibility, substantial fatal deaths in
some high risk groups, and ability to cause huge societal and economic disruption in the
nation.
A correlation study to assess the knowledge and self-expressed mental health
regarding COVID-19 Outbreak.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. What impact is the COVID-19 pandemic having on mental health outcomes?

2. What risk and protective factors are associated with mental health outcomes during
the COVID-19 pandemic?
3. What are the key learnings and implications for mental health during covid-19?
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

RESEARCH QUESTION ALTERNATIVE NULL HYPOTHESIS

Is there a significant
relationship between the
impact of mental health on
covid-19 and knowledge
on the outbreak?
HYPOTHESIS
H1.: There is a significant
relationship between the
levels of knowledge and
impact of mental health on
covid-19.
H0: There is no significant
relationship between the
levels of knowledge and
impact of mental health on
covid-19.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Dependent Variables
Independent Variables

Having some knowledge about

Lack of knowledge about covid-19
covid-19

RESEARCH PURPOSE

The purpose of the study is to understand how the coronavirus spread is

affecting our mental health. It might help in better preparations for the future outbreaks.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The year 2020 has been marked by the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19). This virus has reached many countries and has paralyzed the lives of
many people who have been forced to stay at home in confinement. There have been
many studies that have sought to analyze the impact of this pandemic from different
perspectives; however, this study will pay attention to how it has affected and how it
may affect children between 0 and 12 years in the future after the closure of schools for
months.
In this article, we have extensively reviewed and discussed recommendations
from various world organizations for the public and healthcare workers. We have also
discussed currently available experimental treatments since there is no proven
treatment for COVID 19. The best method of dealing with the current outbreak is to
reduce the community spread and thus “flatten the curve.” Although
Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Azithromycin have been tried,
passive immunity through convalescent serum and vaccine is still at an experimental
stage. Patients with severe COVID 19 infections could be considered for this
experimental treatment through various national randomized control trials, which may
eventually lead to an evidence-based treatment strategy. Conclusions and Relevance:
Awareness of currently available experimental treatment among healthcare providers
and exploration of possible treatment options through evidence is need of the hour. We
have discussed the most recently available literature and evidence behind experimental
treatment in this article. Keywords COVID-19, coronavirus, Wuhan, Remdesivir,
pandemic, RT-PCR Background The current coronavirus pandemic (COVID 19) is
caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2), a positive-
sense single-stranded RNA virus. The initial disease outbreak started in China as a
cluster of pneumonia due to unclear etiology. The disease was linked to contact with the
seafood and wet animal market in Wuhan city of Hubei province of China.1 Eventually,
the virus was identified as a novel coronavirus and named as SARS-CoV-2 by the
World Health Organization (WHO).2 The virus spread exponentially over the next few
weeks to several countries, and WHO declared it as a pandemic on 11 March 2020.
Since then, more than 1 827 284 patients have been diagnosed with a confirmed
infection in 185 countries, with 113 031 deaths as per Johns Hopkins University. The
virus causes animal and human diseases affecting respiratory and gastrointestinal
systems. The disease can be transmitted to when humans come in contact with
secretions and body fluids of infected animals either through droplets or consumption of
infected meat. Once the virus comes in contact with human respiratory and
gastrointestinal mucosa, it uses entry receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
(ACE2) to enter the human cells3,4. Transmission of disease between humans happens
through secretions, droplets, and fecal-oral contamination. The virus has been detected
in sputum, nasopharyngeal secretions, respiratory droplets, blood, stool, and urine
samples5. At this time, there is no evidence to suggest vertical transmission to the fetus
during pregnancy. Experience in treating pregnant women with COVID 19 lacks to make
a clear determination at this time6. The estimated incubation period for the SARS-CoV-
2 virus is around 14 days, with a median of 4-5 days7. Common symptoms of COVID-
19 include fever, cough, shortness of breath reported in more than 70% of patients.
Other symptoms include headache, and myalgia. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dysgeusia, anosmia, and liver involvement
have also been observed7,8,9. Preventive measures Precautions for prevention of
SARS-CoV-2 transmission is the avoidance of contact with infected patients. The
Center for Disease Control (CDC) has made several recommendations to the general
population, including; hand hygiene, avoiding contact, and clean and disinfect. Hand
hygiene: Washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or using alcohol-
based hand sanitizers with at least 60% alcohol content covering all the areas can kill
the virus. Avoiding close contact: The most common mode of transmission between
humans is through respiratory droplets. Maintaining at least 6 feet distance from
anybody suspected of infection reduces the chance of droplet infection. However, there
have been documented cases of COVID transmission from asymptomatic carriers
without any disease manifestations. Those who are sick should stay home and seek
medical help if symptoms are worsening or deteriorating. If someone is sick, they should
wear a mask to reduce the risk of transmission to others.10 The most important and
widespread intervention to prevent the rapid increase in cases is through social
distancing. Center for disease control recommends at least 6 feet distance between
individuals to prevent community spread of COVID 19. Various state governments,
including New York and California, have implemented statewide stay home, and more
states are following similar social distancing.11 The main aim of the goals is to flatten
the epidemiological curve and reduce the total number of sick patients at a given time.
This strategy will help hospitals to use their resources in a manner without
compromising care for anybody. However, with the rising death toll in Italy and
elsewhere in the world, the rise in the number.
Journal of Infection and Public Health Volume 13, Issue 5, May 2020, Pages
667-673 Review Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Get rights and content Under a
Creative Commons license open access Abstract In early December 2019, an outbreak
of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province,
China. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a
Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of February 14, 2020, 49,053
laboratory-confirmed and 1,381 deaths have been reported globally. Perceived risk of
acquiring disease has led many governments to institute a variety of control measures.
We conducted a literature review of publicly available information to summarize
knowledge about the pathogen and the current epidemic. In this literature review, the
causative agent, pathogenesis and immune responses, epidemiology, diagnosis,
treatment and management of the disease, control and preventions strategies are all
reviewed. Previous Next Keywords 2019-nCoVCOVID-19OutbreakSARS-CoV-2Novel
coronavirus Background On December 31, 2019, the China Health Authority alerted the
World Health Organization (WHO) to several cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology
in Wuhan City in Hubei Province in central China. The cases had been reported since
December 8, 2019, and many patients worked at or lived around the local Huanan
Seafood Wholesale Market although other early cases had no exposure to this market
[1]. On January 7, a novel coronavirus, originally abbreviated as 2019-nCoV by WHO,
was identified from the throat swab sample of a patient [2]. This pathogen was later
renamed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the
Coronavirus Study Group [3] and the disease was named coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) by the WHO. As of January 30, 7736 confirmed and 12,167 suspected
cases had been reported in China and 82 confirmed cases had been detected in 18
other countries [4]. In the same day, WHO declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as a
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) [4].
The research team comprised members of Cummings’ Infectious Disease
Dynamics lab. They focused their search on studies of human coronaviruses, including
four strains that cause common colds, plus two that are comparatively more severe:
Middle East respiratory syndrome, also called MERS-Cov, and severe acute respiratory
syndrome, or SARS-CoV. Systematically reviewing 2,452 abstracts and 491 full
manuscripts that were published before March 21, 2020, the team set out to answer a
few key questions: Are people reinfected with the same coronavirus multiple times, and
how much time needs to pass before someone can be reinfected? Does immune cross-
reactivity between similar coronaviruses confer cross-protection? Do people who have
more severe disease have stronger antibody responses after infection? What are
antibody-based measurable signs that a person is immune?
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a declared global pandemic. There are
multiple parameters of the clinical course and management of the COVID-19 that need
optimization. A hindrance to this development is the vast amount of misinformation
present due to scarcely sourced manuscript preprints and social media. This literature
review aims to presents accredited and the most current studies pertaining to the basic
sciences of SARS-CoV-2, clinical presentation and disease course of COVID-19, public
health interventions, and current epidemiological developments.
At the time of writing, there are already millions of documented infections
worldwide by the novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV or severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2)), with hundreds of thousands of deaths. The
great majority of fatal events have been recorded in adults older than 70 years; of them,
a large proportion had comorbidities. Since data regarding the epidemiologic and
clinical characteristics in neonates and children developing coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) are scarce and originate mainly from one country (China), we reviewed all
the current literature from 1 December 2019 to 7 May 2020 to provide useful information
about SARS-CoV2 viral biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical features, treatment,
prevention, and hospital organization for clinicians dealing with this selected population.
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted education at all levels in various ways.
Institutions and teacher educators had to quickly respond to an unexpected and ‘forced’
transition from face-to-face to remote teaching. They also had to create learning
environments for student teachers doing their preparation in the light of the
requirements of teacher education programmes and the conditions in which both
universities and schools had to operate. This paper provides a review of the literature
on online teaching and learning practices in teacher education. In total, 134 empirical
studies were analysed. Online teaching and learning practices related to social,
cognitive and teaching presence were identified. The findings highlighted the need for a
comprehensive view of the pedagogy of online education that integrates technology to
support teaching and learning.
In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),
caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),
occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. On January 30, 2020 the World Health
Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International
Concern. As of February 14, 2020, 49,053 laboratory-confirmed and 1,381 deaths have
been reported globally. Perceived risk of acquiring disease has led many governments
to institute a variety of control measures. We conducted a literature review of publicly
available information to summarize knowledge about the pathogen and the current
epidemic. In this literature review, the causative agent, pathogenesis and immune
responses, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and management of the disease, control
and preventions strategies are all reviewed.
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are the largest group of viruses belonging to the
Nidovirales order, which includes Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, Mesoniviridae and
Roniviridae families. Coronavirus virion are circular with a diameter of nearly 125 nm. Its
most conspicuous characteristic of coronaviruses is the club-shaped spiked projections
originating from the surface of the virion. Such spikes are a definite characteristic of the
virion and give them a solar corona appearance leading the term coronaviruses.
The global spread of the novel coronavirus, also known as the COVID-19
pandemic, has had a devastating impact on supply chains. Since the pandemic started,
scholars have been researching and publishing their studies on the various supply-
chain-related issues raised by COVID-19. However, while the number of articles on this
subject has been steadily increasing, due to the absence of any systematic literature
reviews, it remains unclear what aspects of this disruption have already been studied
and what aspects still need to be investigated. Moreover, due to the increased attention
on the topic, similar studies may be repeated unless a review article outlines directions
for future research.
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