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Cryptic Biodiversity of Coccoid Green Algae and Progress in The Phylogenic Studies
Cryptic Biodiversity of Coccoid Green Algae and Progress in The Phylogenic Studies
2014252
Biodiversity Science http: //www.biodiversity-science.net
球状绿藻的隐性生物多样性及其分类学进展
宋会银1, 2 张 琪1 胡愈炘 1, 2 刘国祥1* 胡征宇1
1 (中国科学院水生生物研究所, 武汉 430072)
2 (中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
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收稿日期: 2014-12-03; 接受日期: 2015-03-19
基金项目: 国家科技部基础工作专项(2012FY112900 号)和国家开发投资公司项目
∗
通讯作者 Author for correspondence. E-mail: liugx@ihb.ac.cn
384 生 物 多 样 性 Biodiversity Science 第 23 卷
形。本文作者在重庆墙壁上采集到了富油拟博罗德 学证据、生殖、生理生态、分子系统发育证据相结
藻, 其细胞后期变红, 可产生油滴。 合的分类学方法才更具可信性。
绿球藻属 Chlorococcum Meneghini, 1842: 24
5 藻类分类学研究现状及对未来的展望
形态特征为营养细胞单个, 或形成暂时性的群
体, 无胶被, 球形到椭圆形, 细胞壁光滑, 色素体 由于缺乏分子数据, 传统的基于形态学特征确
周生, 至少一个蛋白核, 无性生殖形成动孢子、静 定的分类位置大多未用分子系统发育方法进行验
孢子, 以同配生殖进行有性生殖, 此属多为陆生, 证, 而根据已有的系统发育数据结果分析, 大多数
少 数 种 类 为水 生 。 该 属的 模 式 种 为水 溪 绿 球 藻 基于形态确定的分类学位置不能得到现有的系统
(Chlorococcum infusionum)。此属中某些种可产类胡 发育研究的支持。因此, 藻类学家还有大量的工作
萝卜素, 是生产类胡萝卜素和生物产油的研究热点 要做, 如将全部已知的单细胞球状绿藻进行测序并
之一(Yuan et al., 2011; Mahapatra & Ramachandra, 进行系统发育研究, 用现在公认的系统发育方法和
2013)。 形态学方法相结合验证其分类学位置, 以完善传统
3.2.3 绿藻纲中形成独立支系的属: 的基于形态学的分类系统。另外, 根据最新的系统
耶氏球藻属 Jenufa Nemcova et al., 2011: 930 发育研究结果, 一些已知亲缘关系相近的藻株的
耶氏球藻属由Nemcova等(2011)根据18S rDNA 18S rDNA 序 列 存 在 着 巨 大 差 异 : 如 Fucikova 等
系统发育结果将其作为1个独立的属提出, 现已知 (2014)根据新标本建立的沙漠球藻属(共球藻纲)与
有2个种, 齿孔耶氏球藻(J. perforata)和微小耶氏球 已知亲缘关系较近的叶管藻18S rDNA相差145个碱
藻(J. minuta), 均发现于东南亚热带雨林的树皮上。 基(全长1,722 bp); Neustupa等(2011)根据新标本建
此属形态特征为: 球形, 细胞壁光滑, 有一个无蛋 立的丛林球藻属(共球藻纲)和已知亲缘关系最近的
白核的周生色素体。18S rDNA基因序列分析表明, 培养藻株18S rDNA序列相差72个碱基(全长1,702
耶氏球藻属位于绿藻纲的CS分支(衣藻目和环藻目 bp); Nemcova等(2011)根据新标本建立的耶氏球藻
合称为CS分支)中。 属和已知亲缘关系较近的培养藻株18S rDNA相差
61个碱基(全长约1,700 bp左右)。我们可以推测还有
4 分子系统发育研究在微藻分类上的应用
大量单细胞球状类群有待发现, 单细胞球状绿藻的
在本文介绍的约40个属中, 15个属是依据新标 生物多样性远远高于已知, 这也应是今后研究的重
本建立的新属, 12个属是依据新证据建立的新组 点之一。
合。从附录2中可以看出, 除渡边球藻属是根据形态 因此, 藻类分类学家的工作重点一方面应放在
学特征进行分类外, 其余39个属主要依据的是系统 对形态种进行系统发育研究重新确定其具体的分
发育位置。这主要是因为这些单细胞球状微藻的形 类学地位, 另一方面, 应广泛地采集、分离和鉴定
态微小, 基于形态学特点难以进行准确的分类, 因 野外样品以发现新物种, 结合这两方面来探索单细
此基于DNA的分类学方法得到越来越多的应用,较 胞球状绿藻的生物多样性。
为保守的18S rDNA、rbcL和快速变化的ITS2序列是
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附录 Supplementary Material
附录1 球绿藻的分类学位置
Appendix 1 Phylogeny of the coccoid green algae
http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2014-252-1.pdf
附录2 1998–2014年提出的球藻绿藻属及其分类依据
Appendix 2 The coccoid green algae genus proposed between 1998–2014 and their taxonic basis
http://www.biodiversity-science.net/fileup/PDF/w2014-252-2.pdf
宋会银, 张琪, 胡愈炘, 刘国祥, 胡征宇. 球状绿藻的隐性生物多样性及其分类学进展. 生物多样性, 2015, 23(3): 383-397.
http://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=10022
附录1 球藻绿藻的分类学位置
Appendix 1 Phylogeny of the coccoid green algae
绿藻门 Chlorophyta
绿藻纲 Chlorophyceae 共球藻纲 Trebouxiophyceae
衣藻目/团藻目 Chlamydomonadales* 共球藻目 Trebouxiales*
环藻目 Sphaeropleales* 渡边球藻分支 Watanabea clade*
鞘藻目 Oedogoniales 溪菜目 Prasiolales
楯毛藻目 Chaetopeltidales 小球藻目 Chlorellales*
胶毛藻目 Chaetophorales 绿囊球藻/葡萄藻分支
Choricystis/Botryococcus clade*
分类位置未确定的类群 Incertae sedis* 分类位置未确定的类群 Incertae sedis*
*表示包含球状类群的分类单元
宋会银, 张琪, 胡愈炘, 刘国祥, 胡征宇. 球状绿藻的隐性生物多样性及其分类学进展. 生物多样性, 2015, 23(3): 383-397.
http://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=10022
附表2 1998–2014年提出的球藻绿藻属及其分类依据
Appendix 2 The coccoid green algae genus proposed between 1998 and 2014 and their taxonic basis
属名 分类依据 主要分类方法
宋会银, 张琪, 胡愈炘, 刘国祥, 胡征宇. 球状绿藻的隐性生物多样性及其分类学进展. 生物多样性, 2015, 23(3): 383-397.
http://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=10022