Op amp applications 1.

Summing amplifier (inverting)

• A typical summing amplifier has three input
voltages V1, V2 and V3 three input resistors
R1, R2, R3 and a feedback resistor Rf.
• Assuming the op amp to be ideal.
Summing amplifier (Inverting)
Summing amplifier (Inverting)
Summing amplifier (Inverting)
Summing amplifier (Non-inverting)
Summing amplifier (Non-inverting)
 Subtractor
• A basic differential amplifier can be used as a
subtractor.
• If all resistors are equal in value, then the
output voltage can be derived by using
superposition principle.
Subtractor
Adder/Subtractor
 Differentiator
• The circuit performs the mathematical
operation of differentiation
• The output waveform is the derivative of the
input waveform.
Differentiator
Differentiator
Differentiator
 Integrator
• A circuit in which the output voltage
waveform is the integral of the input voltage
waveform is the integrator or Integration
Amplifier.
 Integrator
• If the capacitor is charging and discharging,
the rate of charge of voltage across the
capacitor is given as:
Integrator
Integrator
Integrator
 Voltage to Current Converter
• Transconductance Amplifier
• Converts voltage signal to a proportional
output current.
• Two types:
• V-I converter with floating load
• V-I converter with grounded load
 V-I converter with floating load
– Voltage to current converter in which load resistor ZL is
floating (not connected to ground).
 V-I converter with floating load
– Vin is applied to the non inverting input terminal, and the
feedback voltage across R1 devices the inverting input
terminal.
– current – series negative feedback amplifier.
– Because the feedback voltage across R1 (applied Non-inverting
terminal) depends on the output current i0 and is in series
with the input difference voltage Vd .
 V-I converter with grounded load

– To determine the voltage V1 at the non-inverting (+) terminals

– To establish relationship between V1 and the load current IL .
 V-I converter with grounded load
• Applying KCL at node V1 we can write
that,
 Current to Voltage Converter
• Transresistance Amplifier
• Photocell, photodiode and photovoltaic cell
produces output current proportional to the
incident light energy.
• This current can be converted into voltage
using the following circuit and the light energy
can be measured.
 Current to Voltage Converter

• Rs is connected to virtual ground , so the current Is

flows through the feedback resistor Rf
 Current to Voltage Converter
• The sensitivity of this circuit depends upon the
bias current of the op amp.
• The feedback resistor sometimes shunted with
a capacitor Cf
• To reduce high frequency noise and the
possibility of oscillations.