Osmeña Colleges

Graduate Studies
Osmeña Street, City of Masbate

Name: JOHN GINO G. BUENAFE Date: NOVEMBER 02, 2022

Subject: EDUC 211 Professor: MARVIN M. GARCIA, Ed.D

Topic 10: The Terminology of Probability, Independent & Mutually

Exclusive Events-Part 1

There are several things I learned from a simplified video presentation concerning the
Terminology of Probability, Independent & Mutually Exclusive Events, to wit;

First, probability defines as the possibility of the occurrence of an event. There are many
real-life situations in which we may have to forecast the outcome of an event. We may be sure or
not sure of the results of an event. In such cases, we say that there is a probability of this event to
occur or not to occur. The probability of an event can be calculated by simply dividing the
favorable number of outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes. For an experiment
having an 'n' number of outcomes, the number of favorable outcomes can be denoted by x. The
formula to calculate the probability of an event is as follows.
 Probability (Event) = Favorable Outcomes/Total Outcomes = x/n
For example, Find the probability of getting a face card from a standard deck of cards using the
probability formula.

Solution:
Probability of getting a face card
Given: Total number of cards = 52
Number of face cards = Favorable outcomes = 12
Using the Probability Formula,
Probability = (Favorable Outcomes) ÷ (Total Favorable Outcomes)
P (face card) = 12/52
m = 3/13
Answer: The probability of getting a face card is 3/13

Moreover, there are terminologies related to the probability that we should remember.
These are the following:
 Experiment - is a process where the outcomes of events are not determined yet.
 Random Experiment – defined as experiments that can be performed many times under
the same conditions and their outcome cannot be predicted with complete certainty. It is a
type of experiment that has multiple possible outcomes. Such an experiment can be
repeated many times. In other words, in a random experiment, all the possible outcomes
are known, however, the exact outcome cannot be precisely predicted in advance. An
example of this is rolling the color dice in a color game.
 Trial - When a random experiment is repeated many times each one is known as a trial.
For example, rolling the dice in a color game is a trial.
 Event - An event is a possible outcome of an experiment and forms a subset of the
sample space. For example, getting blue in a color game is an event.
 Random event - an event that cannot be easily predicted. for such events, the probability
value is very less. For example, the formation of a rainbow during the rain is a random
event.
 Outcome: An outcome is a possible result of a random experiment or a trial. For example,
in the process of a soccer player hitting a goal, there are two clear outcomes. He may
either make a goal or missed the goal.
 Possible outcomes - means that these outcomes are not ‘definite’ (meaning that the
Member States will act in one way or another) but they are possibilities depending on the
case. In rolling dice, the possible outcome is 1,2,3,4,5, and 6.
 Equally Likely Outcome – is an experiment in which each of the outcomes has an equal
probability. In the process of rolling a six-faced dice in a color game, the probability of
getting any color is equal.
 Sample space: A sample space can be defined as the list of all possible outcomes of a
random experiment. In tossing a coin the possible outcomes are head and tail. These
outcomes make up the sample space.
 Probable event - an event that can be predicted. we can calculate the probability of such
an event.
 Impossible event – an event that is not part of the experiment.
 Mutually exclusive events – are two events such that the happening of one event prevents
the happening of another event. In tossing a coin the outcome may either be a head or
tail. Both cannot appear at the same time.