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EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE B I U

Introduction
to
Life Science
Page 5 CLASSROOM RULES

EXPLAIN THE EVOLVING CONCEPT

1. OF LIFE BASED ON EMERGING
PIECES OF EVIDENCE.

AT THE END OF THIS 50- DESCRIBE CLASS CLASSIC EXPERIMENTS

MINUTE LESSON, STUDENTS 2. THAT MODEL CONDITIONS WHICH MAY HAVE
SHOULD BE ABLE TO: ENABLED THE FIRST FORMS TO EVOLVE.

DESCRIBE HOW UNIFYING THEMES IN THE

STUDY OF LIFE SHOW THE CONNECTION
3. AMONG LIVING THINGS AND HOW THEY
INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER AND THEIR
ENVIRONMENT.
WHERE DID LIFE COME FROM?

HOW DID LIFE HAPPEN ON

EARTH?
 WHERE DID LIFE BEGIN?
IN THE ANCIENT TIMES, HUMANS HAVE TRIED TO
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS IN DIFFERENT WAYS.

THEIR PROPOSALS AND FINDINGS NOW FORM A BODY

OF HYPOTHESIS AND THEORIES THAT PROVIDE A
DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPT AND
ORIGIN OF LIFE.
1. THEORY OF SPECIAL
CREATION
This theory says that
all living organisms
were created by God.

God created the first

man Adam
Page 9 CLASSROOM RULES

2. THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION

Living things can spontaneously
arrive from nonliving things.
Aristotle believe that all living
things are so full of soul that
matter could generate from it.
"ABIOGENESIS"
2. THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION

It was hypothesized that certain

forms, such as fleas, could arise from
inanimate matter such as dust, or that
maggots could arise from dead flesh.
2. THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION

Other Example:

Mud produces fish

Grain produces
mice.
IN 17TH CENTURY, SEVERAL SCIENTISTS DISPROVED
THE THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION BY
PUTTING THE MAGGOT OBSERVATION UNDER FURTHER
INVESTIGATION.

IN 1668, ITALIAN PHYSICIAN, FRANCESCO REDI

DISPROVED THE THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS
GENERATION THROUGH THE SAME EXPERIMENT.
REDI EXPERIMENT
ANOTHER ITALIAN SCIENTIST, LAZARRO
SPALLANZANI DISPROVED THE THEORY OF
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
SPALLANZANI'S EXPERIMENT SHOWED THAT
MICROORGANISMS IS NOT AN INHERENT FEATURE OF
MATTER, AND THAT IT CAN BE DESTROYED BY AN
HOUR OF BOILING.
IN 1864,FREND CHEMIST,
LOUIS PASTEUR FINALLY PUT
AN END TO THE TEORY OF
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION.

HE CONDUCTED AN
EXPERIMENT SIMILAR TO
SPALLANZI'S USING LONG
SWAN-NECKED FLASKS
PASTEUR'S EXPERIMENT
 BIOGENESIS
The theory that life comes
only from pre-existing
life.
Therefore, it does not
explain the origin of life
However, it can explain how
life began in a particular
place.
 3. THE THEORY OF PANSMERIA

LIFE HAD COME TO EARTH

FROM OTHER PLANETS OF THE
UNIVERSE IN THE FORM OF
RESISTANT SPORES
 PANSMERIA

GK., "SEEDS EVERYWHERE"

A.K.A. COSMOZIC THEORY

IN 1903, SVANTE ARRHENIUS HYPOTHESIZED

"THE SEED OF LIFE" EXISTS ALL OVER THE
UNIVERSE AND CAN BE PROPAGATED THROUGH SPACE.
4. THE THEORY OF CHEMICAL EVOLUTION

LIFE WAS THE RESULT OF

SLOW AND GRADUAL
CHEMICAL PROCESSES

PROPOSED BY ALEKSANDR
IVANOVICH OPARIN AND
J.B.S HALDANE
ALEKSANDR IVANOVICH OPARIN & J.B.S HALDANE
HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE FIRST MICROOGRANISMS
CALLED "PRIMORIDIAL SOUP" APPEARED IN THE
OCEANS.

THESE MICROORGANISMS CONTAIN OXYGEN-FREE GASEOUS

MIXTURE CONTAINING CHIEFLY WATER, HYDROGEN,
METHANE, AMMONIA, AND CARBON DIOXIDE

CREATED FROM LIGHTNING DISCHARGES

 OPARIN-HALDEN HYPOTHESIS

WHEN EARTH WAS YOUNG, THE OCEANS WERE FILLED WITH SIMPLE
CHEMICALS IMPORTANT FOR LIFE. THESE WOULD EVENTUALLY
SELF-ASSEMBLE INTO SIMPLE LIVING CELLS.

PRIMORDIAL SOUP REFERS TO THE PRIMITIVE WATER BODIES ON

THE EARTH THAT WERE RICH IN ORGANIC MATTER AND FROM WHICH
SCIENTISTS BELIEVE THAT THE FIRST LIFE FORMS EVOLVED.

PROVIDES A STRONGER SUPPORT TO ABIOGENESIS

 MILLER-UREY EXPERIMENT

IN 1953,STANLEY L. MILLER, UNDER THE SUPERVISION

OF HAROLD C. UREY PUT THE OPARIN-HALDANE
EXPERIMENT TO TEST.

KNOWN AS THE SPARK-DISCHARGE EXPERIMENT

USED AN APPARATUS CONSISTING OF A CLOSED TUBE

CONNECTING TWO CHAMBERS
THEY PUT WATER, HYDROGEN, METHANE, AMMONIA, AND CARBON
DIOXIDE INTO THE APPARATUS AND SIMULATED LIGHTNING BY RUNNING
ELECTRIC CURRENT THROUGH THE SYSTEM.
 MILLER-UREY EXPERIMENT

FINDINGS:

10-15% OF THE CARBON HAD FORMED ORGANIC

COMPOUNDS
2% HAD FORMED AMINO ACIDS (USED TO MAKE
PROTEINS-BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE)
 BUBBLE HYPOTHESIS

IN 1986, GOEPHYSICIST LOUIS LERMAN SUGGESTED

THE BUBBLE HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ORIGIN OF LIFE.

CHEMICAL PROCESSES THAT LED LO THE EVOLUTION

OF LIFE TOOK PLACE WITHIN THE BUBBLES ON THE
SURFACE OF THE OCEANS.
BUBBLE HYPOTHESIS
BUBBLE HYPOTHESIS
Page 12 CLASSROOM RULES

Living organisms are made up

1.
of cells

Organisms undergo
WHAT DO WE 2.
metabolism

KNOW ABOUT 3. Organisms reproduce

LIFE, SO FAR?
Organisms adapt to their
4.
environment to survive

5. Organisms evolve

6. Organisms interact with

abiotic and biotic factors
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