2W

CONTENT
Lesson 1 Subjects Page
01. Orientation …………….............................……………………………………………....................... 1

i) Introduction on riding a motorcycle
ii) Operating a motorcycle
iii) Procedures for practical lessons
iv) Pushing and lifting of a motorcycle
v) Release/park motorcycle on main and side stand
vi) Procedures for mounting on and off the motorcycle
vii) Seven points of riding posture
viii) Control of clutch, throttle and brakes
02. Handling of a motorcycle …………………………………………………………............................ 19

i) Moving off and stopping
ii) Procedures of shifting up and down gears
03. Riding Posture, speed control & cornering …………………………............................................ 26

i) Riding posture
ii) Adjusting speed according to road and traffi c conditions
iii) Low speed control
01. Blind spot, target stopping, slope & left turns …………......................……………..................... 30
i) Blind spot
ii) Target stopping
iii) Left turn
iv) Stopping and moving off on a slope
02. Turning, lane change & Traffic Rules ……………………..........................………............. 36

i) Left turns and filter lane
ii) Right turns
iii) Lane change
iv) Observance of Traffic Rules

01. Narrow Plank & Pylon Slalom …………………………........................……………...........................45
i) Balancing at low speed on narrow plank
ii) Maneuvering techniques for pylon slalom
02. Emergency brake on wet surface ……………………….....................………………......................... 48

i) Demonstration Braking Using and explain the different of its stopping distance.
ii)
a. Front Brake
b. Rear brake
c. Both brake
iii) Rapid acceleration to attain 30 – 35 km/h
iv) Correct emergency braking technique
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01. ‘S’ & Crank Courses …………………………………………….........………………………………..51

i) ‘S’ Course
ii) Crank Course
02. Circuit Training Review ……………………........……………………………………………………....... 54

i) Review all stage 1 to 4 subjects
ii) Improve on weak subjects
01. Introduction of Circuit Test Route, Pillion Riding and U-turn ………………………………............... 55
i) Familiarize of Circuit Test Route
ii) Understand evaluation requirements
iii) Basic rules of pillion riding
iv) Introduction to U-Turn
iiv) Cornering practice to understand centrifugal force – Mini Circuit
02. Circuit Evaluation ………………………………………………………….........…………………. 61

i) Circuit assessment accordance to Riding Assessment Checklist
01. Independent riding in light & medium density traffic……………………………....………..……….. 62

i) Pre-ride checks
ii) Riding in observance of Traffic Rules- Human Perception, Judgement & Reaction
iii) Protection of pedestrians
iv) Series of bends
v) Left turns and fi lter lanes
vi) Lane change and right turn
Lesson 7 Subjects Page.
01. Independent riding in medium & heavy density traffic ………………………..........……………….....77

i) U- turn
ii) Overtaking
iii) Defensive riding, risk forecast and reacting to hazards
v) Public Road test route
01. Defensive Riding Training and Final Evaluation ………………………………………....……..……....87

i) Risk Forecast
ii) Apply Defensive Rules
iii) Review all circuit and road subjects
iv) Identify and improve on weak areas
v) Circuit and public road assessment according to Traffic Police riding test checklist
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Lesson 1.01
1.01 ORIENTATION
i) INTRODUCTION TO RIDING A MOTORCYCLE.
Protective clothing for riders.
Dress code for practical lessons - all motorcycle learners attending practical lessons must be dressed in:
• Long sleeve shirt.

• Long pants.
• Shoes. (Sandals/slippers are not allowed).
And to have with you:
• A pair of gloves.
• Helmet liner (if you using the centre’s helmets).
Your riding gear and clothing should fit comfortably and not restrict movement. Preferably, the material should
be of light/bright colours and able to resist tearing easily.
Training Attire
If you are using the helmets provided by the centre,
a helmet liner must be worn, for hygiene reasons.
Clear visor.
PSB approved Helmet.
The sleeves should

Long sleeve shirt. not be too loose that it
obstructs the view of
the rear view mirror.
Gloves that cover
the fingers fully.
Long pants.
Shoes that do Half finger gloves

not expose any that expose the
part of the feet. finger tips are
notallowed
Avoid pants that are baggy

or flared at the bottom as it
may get caught on to parts
of the bike.
Shoes or boots. Preferably

without laces. Laces must
be tucked away safely.
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Lesson 1.01
Principal parts of the motorcycle and basic controls.
Controls and Devices Rearview Mirror
Fuel tank
Seat
Head lamp
Turn signal
Tail lamp
light
Turn signal
light
Passenger foot
Peg
Drive chain
Engine
Gear shift pedal Foot peg
Main/side stand
Foot
brake disc
Exhaust pipe
Rear brake drum
Rear brake pedal
Indicators
Speedometer
Front brake fluid reservoir
Rearview mirror Rearview mirror
Clutch fever Front brake lever
Turn signal switch

Throttle grip
Horn button Starter button
Headlight
dimmer switch Ignition
Fuel fill cap
2
Lesson 1.01
Basic controls
THROTTLE – It controls the supply of fuel to the engine, to

increase or decrease engine speed.
To operate - Hold throttle grip gently with right hand, turn

gradually towards you to increase speed and turn away from you
to reduce speed. (The throttle is a sensitive control – always Open throttle to Close throttle to
make small changes progressively). increase speed. decrease speed.
HAND BRAKE LEVER – It slows down and/or stops the rotation of the
front wheel.
To operate – Hold handlebar and squeeze lever gradually with all four
fingers. Pressure applied to the lever depends on speed of bike and
distance available to slow down/stop.
FOOT BRAKE PEDAL – It slows down and/or stops the rotation

of the rear wheel.
To operate – Press the pedal downwards gradually, with ball of

foot using ankle movement.
CLUTCH LEVER - It connects and disconnects engine power to the gearbox and the rear wheel, used when
changing gears and to prevent the engine from stalling when starting off or stopping in gear.
To operate - Pull lever towards handlebar quickly with four fingers to

disengage clutch, just before selecting gear or stopping. Release
clutch lever gradually to transmit power to the rear wheels after
selecting gear, or moving off from standstill.
Clutch disengaged, power is not

transmitted to drive wheel. Hold
this position when changing gears
or to keep engine idling when
Clutch fully engaged, full power
stationary (with gear selected).
is transmitted to drive wheel.
Clutch engagement point (biting point or ½ clutch), only partial power is transmitted to drive wheel. Hold
momentarily during moving off or after changing gears to gradually transfer power to the drive wheel.
GEARSHIFT PEDAL – It is used to select the best gears for

acceleration, deceleration or fuel economy during different stages of
riding.
To operate – Tap gear pedal downwards with ball of foot, using ankle
movement, to select a low gear.
Or lift pedal up with toes, using ankle movement, to select a higher

gear.
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Lesson 1.01
Pre-riding Checks.
Always perform a visual and operational check on your motorcycle before riding to minimize your risk and putting
yourself in an unpleasant situation.
Fuel - Ensure that

there is sufficient
fuel for the journey.
Tyres - Check for punctures, under inflation, damaged or worn out tyres.
Tyre
inflation
Tread depth
Lights - Turn on all lights to check for blown bulbs or electrical faults.
Head lamp – low

and high beam
Turn signals – left, Tail lamp & Turn signal High beam
right, front and back. Brake Lamp. Indicator Indicator.
Horn – Test the horn. Engine Oil - It should be

checked when engine is
off and parked on level
ground, and should fall
between the high and low
markings.
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1 Lesson 1.01
ng
Chain – Ensure that the chain is lubricated.
Should have a free play of between 10- 20mm, too tight it will
hinder rear suspension movement.
It is unsafe to ride with a loose chain as it could slip out off the
drive gear and get entangled with the rear wheel and cause you
to fall off your motorcycle.
10-20mm Free play
Throttle – Turn the throttle towards you and
release the throttle grip. It should return to Throttle should snap
original position immediately by itself and
with the engine speed dropping back to idle. shut, once grip on
throttle is released.
Brakes - Test both front and rear brakes to ensure that they function properly.
Check both brake lever
and padal free play.
15-20mm
Free play
Check brake fluid level
and top-up if low.
Clutch – The clutch lever should have a free

play of 10-20mm. Too much or too little free 10-20mm
play will make changing gears difficult.
Free play
Mirror – Always check and adjust the mirrors prior to riding

off.
Do not adjust mirror while the motorcycle is on main stand.
Your shoulder
Both mirrors should reflect a little of your
shoulder with the horizon along the middle.
Others
Check learner driver Check road tax is valid.
plates and vehicle Starting from
registration no. plates 15th Feb 2017
are attached to the Displaying of road disc
front and back of is not
motorcycle. Required by LTA
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Motorcycle Practical Training HB.indd 5
Lesson 1.01
ii) OPERATING A MOTORCYCLE. S
Starting and stopping the engine. S

Starting a Theenginestopswitchisusedtostop b
the engine in an emergency.
ii
Set engine stop switch to the ‘run’ position. Turn ignition key to ‘on’ position. A
c d G
Pull in the clutch lever to disengage the clutch

Check that the gear is in neutral position. (in case a gear was engaged or starting in gear).
e f b
Open throttle slightly and press starter switch to

start engine. Release starter switch once engine
fires up, to avoid damaging starter motor. Close throttle and let engine run at idling speed.
Stopping a b d
Pull in clutch lever & select neutral gear. Turn ignition key to ‘off’ position.
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1 Lesson 1.01
Signal, high/low beam and horn operation.
Signal switch Light switch & horn
Push dimmer
switch to select:
High beam
Low beam
Push left to Push right to
turn on left turn on right
signal. Press to cancel. signal. Press to activate horn.
Selecting gears.
A smooth gear change requires good co-ordination of the gearshift pedal, throttle and clutch operation.
Gear Position a
Gearshift
pedal
Close throttle and simultaneously….
b c
Tap gearshift pedal down to select a low gear & lift

pedal up to engage a high gear.
Pullclutchleverquicklybacktowardsthehandlebar. (Neutral is in-between 1st & 2nd gear).
d e
opening the throttle simultaneously (if speeding

Release the clutch lever gradually, while… up).
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Lesson 1.01
Selecting gears for acceleration and deceleration. ii
Using the right gear gives you better fuel economy and a smoother journey. M
pa
Speed range of different gears under normal gradual acceleration.
speed range
Gear 0-20km/h 15-35km/h 25-45km/h 35-50km/h < 50km/h
5th
4th
3rd
2nd
1st
W
Gear choice according to needs
5th gear Weak=Fast High

for acceleration.
(attainable)
Power
Speed
4th gear
3rd gear
2nd gear
1st gear Strong=Slow Low

G
5th gear Weakest

Engine brake
4th gear
for deceleration.
3rd gear
2nd gear
1st gear Strongest
Symptoms of unsuitable gear used.
Change up(gear used is too low) Change down (gear used is too high)
Engine sounds loud. Sound of Engine knocking.
Motorcycle surges violently Motorcycle takes very long to pick up speed

When throttle is turned open. When throttle is turned open.
Engine brake too abrupt when Engine brake not effective when
Close throttle to slow down. Close throttle to slow down.
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Lesson 1.01
iii) Procedures for practical lessons.
Motorcycle training is conducted in a group basis, your punctuality for lessons is essential so as not to miss any part of the lesson.
Before start of lesson
Prepare riding gear,
• Helmet
• Gloves
• Helmet liner (if using school’s helmet).
Put on a number tag (according to the lesson you are attending).
Compulsory documents for all practical lessons,
• Identity Card (NRIC) or Passport and Valid 2B e-Provisional Driving Licence
(e-PDL).
Rider will not be allowed to ride without the above mentioned documents.
Warming up exercise
Warming up prior to riding helps

minimize the severity of injuries
sustained during a fall - it promotes
flexibility and helps prevent
sprains, joint dislocation, muscle
tear or even fractures.
Gearing up for the ride.

Put on elbow and knee guards for lessons Wear a helmet that fits comfortably, without being too
requiring additional protection before loose.
commencing.
Too loose Too tight Just right

Fasten helmet securely through double ‘D’ rings.
A B C
The strap should not be too loose or tight – 1-2 fingers
Check shoes laces
spacing is recommended for comfort and safety.
(if any) are fasten
securely and tuck
away safely to
prevent catching on
to parts of the bike.
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Lesson 1.01
iv) Pushing and lifting a motorcycle. v
Pushing motorcycle.
Backward
Forward • Hold handlebar with
• Hold handlebar with both your left hand with right
hands and cover the brake lever. hand holding on to the
• Keep motorcycle upright and seat.
in contact with your body.
• Push motorcycle forward. • Look towards the back
• Apply front brake to slow and push motorcycle
down and stop motorcycle. backwards.
• Lean it against your body. • Keep the motorcycle
upright & close to you.
Turn handlebar
according to the
desired turning radius.
Right turn – Keep
Left turn - Lean motorcycle upright,
motorcycle towards you. close to your body.
Lifting up a motorcycle
If the motorcycle is lying on its left;
• Hold handlebar with both hands and turn handlebar

to the right.
• Apply the front brake.
• Lift motorcycle up in one movement, using your

thigh and waist to support the motorcycle.
If the motorcycle is lying on its right; The side stand stops

the bike from falling
• Flip out the side stand. over the right side.
• Turn handlebar to the left.
• Apply the front brake.
• Lift motorcycle up in one movement, using your left

thigh and waist to support the motorcycle.
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1 Lesson 1.01
v) Release/park motorcycle on main and side stand.
Training objective: To park and release motorcycle on main and side stand.
Lowering a motorcycle from its main stand
• Stand on the left side of the motorcycle with body

positioned close to the fuel tank and handlebar.
• Left leg step forward, ahead of the right leg.
• Hold handlebar with both hands and maintain a

straight-ahead position.
• Check back for passing vehicles.
• Lift the handlebar, and push the

motorcycle forward.
• Once the motorcycle is lowered from

the stand, apply the front brake to
stop it from rolling forward. Lean the
motorcycle slightly towards you.
Note: Do not apply the front brake before the motorcycle is lowered from the main stand.
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Lesson 1.01
Setting motorcycle on its main stand
• Hold the handlebar with left hand and keep it at

the straight-ahead position.
• Hold grab rail beneath pillion seat.
• Lower main stand with your right foot and set the
bike upright.
• Ensure that the stand is set firmly with both the

arms in contact with the ground with your foot
pressing on the main stand to keep motorcycle
stable.
• In one motion, lift the motorcycle up with your

right hand and pull backwards, while transferring
your body weight over to the main stand arm.
Keep handlebar pointing straight

ahead and do not pull the
handlebar when lifting bike.
Transfer body weight

over to your right leg.
• After parking, turn the handlebar to the left.
Note: Always park your motorcycle on a solid and level ground.
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1 Lesson 1.01
Setting motorcycle on its side stand
• Hold the motorcycle upright with both hands

on the handlebar.
• Apply the front brake to prevent the

motorcycle from rolling.
• Lower the side stand with your right foot, all

the way towards the left.
• Lean the motorcycle towards you gradually

until side stand touches the ground.
• Ensure motorcycle is firmly supported and

turn handlebar to the left.
Note: Always park on a solid & level ground & engage 1st gear to prevent accidental movement.
Releasing motorcycle from its side stand
• Apply front brake, to

prevent motorcycle from
rolling, and set handlebar to
its straight-ahead position.
• Check back (right side)

for other road users - to
prevent accident, should
motorcycle fall over.
• Raise the motorcycle

upright and kick the side
stand backwards with your
right foot.
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Lesson 1.01
1
vi) Procedures for mounting on and off the motorcycle. i)
T
Getting on a motorcycle Getting off a motorcycle
1) Set handlebar in the 1) Set handlebar in the
3) Hold
straight-ahead position. straight ahead position.
motorcycle 3) Check back.
upright.
2) Apply
front brake.
2) Apply
front brake.
4) Kick up the side stand. 5) Lean motorcycle

7) Lean motorcycle slightly to the left.
5) Check back. slightly to the left.
6) Swing your
8) Swing your right leg over
right leg over the the seat.
seat to get on the
motorcycle. 4) Get a firm footing.
6) Get a firm footing.
8) Turn handlebar
to the
left.
9) Right
foot applies
rear
brakes.
7) Set the side stand.
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1 Lesson 1.01
vii) 7 points of correct riding posture.

Training objective: To adopt correct riding posture.
Riding posture
Advantages of a proper riding posture:
• Greater riding comfort.

• Improves machine control - easy reach of the controls and devices.
• Increased machine stability.
• Better awareness of changing road and traffic conditions.
Look far ahead
Relax upper body

Light grip
Elbows bent
Grip tank
Feet pointed forward

covering both brake
and gear pedals.
r
• Eyes Look ahead, in the direction where you intend to travel. This allows you to react to the
changes in road and traffic situations.
Shoulders Relax your shoulders.

•
• Elbows Bend them slightly and relax your arms.
• Hands/Wrists Grip handlebar gently with hands forming an angle of approx. 120°with the arms.
• Buttock Sit close to the fuel tank for your arms have a comfortable reach to the handlebar.
• Knees Grip fuel tank for stability.
• Feet Rest the arches of both feet on the footrests with toes pointing straight ahead, covering
both the gear lever and brake pedal. This reduces reaction time when applying the
brakes.
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Lesson 1.01
viii) Control of clutch, throttle and brakes.
Training objective: To co-ordinate and control clutch, throttle and brakes correctly.
Throttle control
More fuel is fed to the

combustion chamber
when the throttle is open.
With more fuel burnt, the engine spins faster

producing more power and also noise.
Listen to the sound and feel the
vibrations generated by the engine.
Practice with the engine Throttle closed (engine idling)

running in neutral gear – • engine hums softly.
open throttle in small
Throttle open to 1/16 of a turn
incremental steps, 1/16 turn
at a time, and listen to the • engine purrs (smooth).
changes in engine note. Throttle open to 1/8 of a turn
• engine revs urgently (spinning fast).
• engine roars (spinning very fast).
• engine wails (over revving).
The throttle is a very sensitive to your input especially in low gears – always make small
progressive changes to the throttle.
Snapping the throttle Shutting the

open makes the throttle abruptly
motorcycle surge throws the rider
forward throwing the forward.
rider backwards.
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2 Lesson 1.01
Throttle control
The clutch lever controls the amount of engine power transmitted to the drive wheel. Useful in: a) moving
off, b) gear changing and c) low speed control.
Running Full power

engine transmitted to Clutch fully engaged.
drive wheel
Running Partial power

transmitted to Clutch at biting
engine drive wheel point position.
Running Power not

transmitted to Clutch disengaged.
engine drive wheel
The biting point of the clutch can be identified when the motorcycle starts to roll forward.
Practice with the engine idling (throttle closed) Maintain Pull in

and 1st gear engaged. Look forward and both biting clutch
feet on the ground. point. lever.
Release the clutch lever gradually to biting point
without the motorcycle jerking or engine stalling.
Maintain biting point position for approx.

1meter, before pulling in clutch lever to cut off
engine power.
Note: If the clutch lever is released beyond biting point too quickly, power transfer will be abrupt causing
jerkiness or stalling the engine.
Tip: Know how much to release the clutch lever to get the biting point.
Brake control
Always apply braking pressure gradually to reduce
speed or stop the motorcycle smoothly.
Tip: Apply the brakes early and come to a gradual
stop.
Panic braking at the last moment is dangerous! Or jamming the rear brake pedal
causes the back wheel to lock
E.g. grabbing the front brake lever and skid.
abruptly throws the rider off balance.
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Lesson 1.01
ii
Practice: Step 1 - Throttle and clutch control T
Combine throttle and clutch control to move off and stop.
2) Release clutch lever to biting point 1) Open throttle slightly

gradually (without the engine jerking, and hold (listen to the
stalling engine). engine purring steadily).
3) Maintain clutch and

throttle position for a
short distance (1m).
4) Close throttle and

5) Support motorcycle with
pull in the clutch both legs once it loses
lever to cut off engine momentum and stop.
power.
Return to starting position & repeat the above sequence several times till comfortable with the controls.
Step 2 - Throtte, clutch and front brake co-ordination
1) Move off, maintaining steady throttle 2) Close throttle & pull Look straight
and ½ clutch position for about 2m. in the clutch lever. ahead.
Combine throttle and
clutch control to move
off and stopping
with the brakes.
3) Apply the front brake gently to stop the motorcycle.
Repeat the above sequence several times until able to stop the motorcycle smoothly.
Step 3 - Throttle, clutch and both brake co-ordination

Applying both the front and rear brakes to stop the motorcycle.
Right foot on the foot Support the motorcycle
peg, covering the with your left leg.
brake pedal.
Maintain steady throttle and Releaseclutchslightly Close throttle Use ankle

½ clutch for a short distance. further(beyondbiting and pull in the movement apply
point)toincreasespeed. clutch lever. to the rear brake.
Gradually apply the front

& rear brakes to stop.
• Once Confident, practice with both feet resting on the foot pegs while moving.
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2 Lesson 1.02
1.02 HANDLING OF MOTORCYCLE.

i) Moving off and stopping.
Training objective: To move off and stop safely without stalling engine.
Moving off procedures

Maintain correct riding posture.
Pull in clutch lever.
With engine started and idling

in neutral gear.
Support the motorcycle with Depress gearshift pedal

your right leg. to engage 1st gear.
Support the motorcycle with Depress the brake pedal

your left leg and place your to keep motorcycle
right foot on the footrest. stationary.
Look ahead towards your Check for traffic approaching from the back
intended path. by looking over your right shoulder.
Release foot brake to move off. Open throttle and

maintain steady engine
speed.
Once moved off, place left Release your clutch lever

foot on the foot peg with toes to biting point position.
covering the gear lever.
Adjust your speed and Open throttle further

position to suit traffic or road progressively while…
conditions.
releasing the clutch

lever fully to increase
speed of motorcycle.
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Lesson 1.02
Moving off procedures

Look ahead and do not fix your
focus on one spot or object.
Relax shoulders and arms.

Grip handlebar gently.
Grip fuel tank.
Feet covering brake and

gear pedals. Tensed upper body
Focusing to close Not gripping

tank, resulting
in excessive
upper body
movement
Making a turn.
1) Look into the turn and beyond on your approach.
Light grip
Grip tank
2) Bank motorcycle
inwards and adopt
a lean-with posture.
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2 Lesson 1.02
Stopping procedures
7) Hold on to the foot brake

after stopping to prevent
unwanted movements.
6) Lower your
5) Continue braking until the motorcycle
left leg to support
motorcycle just comes to a complete stop.
before stopping.
4) As the motorcycle
is about to stop, pull
in clutch lever and
hold on to it.
3) Apply both front and rear

brakes gradually.
2) Close throttle.
1) Look ahead
& identify your
stopping point.
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Lesson 1.02
ii) Procedures of shifting up and down gears.
Training objective: To change gears correctly.

Shifting gears – dry run
Park motorcycle on its main stand with the engine off.
Selecting 1st gear.
1. Pull in clutch lever.
2. Select 1st gear by tapping gearshift pedal down, using ankle movement, several times to ensure the
correct gear is selected.
3. Open throttle slightly and release clutch lever to ‘half clutch’ position to move off.
4. Increase throttle opening and release clutch lever further to gain speed.
Changing to 2nd gear.
5. Close throttle and pull in the clutch lever at the same time. And…
6. Lift gearshift pedal up to 2nd gear (bypassing Neutral gear) and position feet on top of the gear pedal.
7. Release the clutch lever to ‘half clutch’ position, while opening the throttle at the same time.
8. Increase throttle opening as you release the clutch lever fully to increase speed. Shift your fingers
back to the handlebar grip (do not rest on the clutch lever) after changing to 2nd gear and onwards.
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2 Lesson 1.02
Shifting gears – dry run

Selecting 3rd gear.
9. Close throttle and pull in the clutch lever and at the same time…
10. Lift gearshift pedal up to 3rd gear and position feet on top of the gear pedal.
11. Release clutch lever gradually while opening the throttle. Shift fingers back to the handlebar grip.
Shifting to a low gear to slowdown.
12. Close throttle and apply both front and rear brakes gradually to reduce speed.
13. Pull in the clutch lever while still maintaining light braking pressure. And…
14. Tap gearshift pedal down to select a low gear.
15. Release the clutch lever to ‘half clutch’ position, and gradually release it fully. Shift fingers back to the
handlebar grip.
Note: If changing down from a high gear to a low gear because the motorcycle is too slow for the previous
gear, do not apply the brakes before changing down.
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Lesson 1.02
Shifting gears – Practice 1

Practice shifting gears up and down.
After gear change.

Before move off, safety check by looking over your shoulders
Practice 1 - Move off in 1st gear (Fingers hold clutch lever).
Practice 2 – Shift to 2nd gear. (After changing gear, move

fingers back to handlebar grip. Position left foot on
top of the gear pedal).
Practice 3 – Shift to 3rd gear. (After changing gear, move
fingers back to handlebar. Position left foot on top of
the gear pedal).
Practice 4 – Slowdown and shift to 2nd gear. (After changing
gear, move fingers back to handlebar grip).
Practice 5 – Slowdown and shift to 1st gear. (Fingers cover

clutch lever).
Note: For gear changes to be smooth, the clutch lever should be released to biting point and held
momentarily before gradually releasing fully.
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2 Lesson 1.02
Shifting gears – Practice 2

Practice shifting up to 3rd gear and stopping in 1st gear.
3rd gear
2nd gear
1st gear
1. Moving off.
• Check safety-look over your right shoulder.
• Open throttle & release clutch lever to biting point. Releasing brake pedal to move off.
• Place left foot on the footrest. Increasing throttle opening and releasing clutch lever further to increase
speed of motorcycle.
• Hold on the clutch lever, do not release fully.
Shifting to 2nd and 3rd gear.
2.
• Standby your left foot below gearshift pedal, close throttle and pull in clutch lever.
• Lift the gearshift pedal up to 2nd gear and return left foot to the top of gear pedal.
• Release clutch lever gradually and open throttle at the same time.
• Move fingers back to the handlebar once clutch lever is fully released.
Stopping in 1st gear.

3.
• Close throttle and apply both brakes gently to slowdown gradually.
• Pull in clutch lever and tap gearshift pedal down 3-4 times, with ankle movement, to select 1st gear.
(Speed of motorcycle should not be too slow to cause wobbling when shifting to first gear).
• Lower left leg, landing with heel first to support the motorcycle just before stopping.
(Maintain handlebar in the straight-ahead position, with eyes looking ahead and not on the ground).
• Repeat practice until able to move off quickly with smooth progress and stop steadily.
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Lesson 1.03
1.03 RIDING POSTURE, SPEED CONTROL & CORNERING. ii)
i) Riding posture. T
Training objective: To consistently ride with correct posture.

Always ride with a relaxed upper body with both hands on the handlebar and fingers away from the clutch and
brake levers until when required. Thighs should gently grip the fuel tank to control body movement and both feet
resting on the footrest on top of the gearshift and brake pedal.
Riding posture
Line of Vision - When travelling on a straight road, you should look ahead (at least 3x your travelling e.g. 30 1
km/h look at least 90m down the road) to identify hazards and path of travel. Make early adjustments to your
speed and position on the road.
Turning - Upon approaching a bend, look into and beyond the bend for traffic and road conditions e.g.
obstacles, sharpness of bend and surface conditions to decide on a safe entry speed.
Slow down to a safe speed, completing tasks like braking and shifting to a lower gear, before turning.
Lane Discipline
Turn & titl head to look Relax your
into the bend upper body
Adopt a ‘lean Grip

with’ posture handlebar
G
gently
Fingers away
from brake &
clutch levers Grip fuel tank
Part of the bike & your
Lean motorcycle body will be hanging
into the turn over the right lane
when leaned over.
Feet cover brake Start turning slightly
& gear pedal into the bend.
Do not turn too early.

Keep in the middle of the lane
(both straight roads & bends).
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3 Lesson 1.03
ii) Adjusting speed according to road and traffic conditions
Training objective: To select an appropriate gear and speed to suit road and traffic conditions.
Regulating speed according to traffic

Rapid acceleration. In a shorter distance, increase speed of motorcycle.
nd
et
Time &
distance
15-35 km/h change to 2nd gear 25-45 km/h change to 3rd gear 35-50 km/h change to 4th gear
Gradual acceleration. Gradually over a longer distance, increase speed of motorcycle.
Time &
distance
15-35 km/h change to 2nd gear 25-45 km/h change to 3rd gear 35-50 km/h change to 4th gear
Rapid acceleration
Applies when traffic

is light and fast
flowing without
apparent hazards
ahead.
Gradual acceleration
Applies when traffic

is moderate to
heavy.
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Lesson 1.03
iii
Shifting gears for acceleration and deceleration – Practice
T
• Position your motorcycle in the middle of the left lane.
• Apply rapid acceleration and change up to the higher gear if traffic condition permits.
• Apply gradual acceleration and use lower gears if traffic is slow moving.
• Identify stationary/stopping vehicles and stop in 1st gear (about 1 motorcycle length behind the vehicle).
• Reduce speed and select a suitable low gear to negotiate sharp bends.
4th gear 5th gear 3rd gear
3rd gear • Close throttle and apply both brakes to reduce

speed,
• pull in the clutch lever and tap gearshift pedal
down 2 times from 5th to 3rd gear (skipping fourth) 4th gear
• release clutch lever gradually and
• release the brakes, once safe speed is attained
(below 30 km/h recommended)
• move fingers away from the clutch/brake
4th gear levers and hold the handlebar at least a car
length (5m) before the bend.
5th gear
Lookout for pedestrians & give

Keep in the middle of way if they crossing/about to
the lane when turning. cross the road.
3rd gear
Zebra crossing
Beware:
• When the clutch lever is pulled in (clutch is disengaged), freewheeling occurs - causing the speed of the
motorcycle to increase and lose control at the bend. You should:
Apply the brakes to slowdown, Quickly pulling in the clutch lever Release clutch lever to
when clutching in. & tap gear pedal down to the biting point & then fully to
desired gear…. avoid freewheeling.
Swift
Gradual Short pause
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3 Lesson 1.03
iii) Low speed control
Training objective: To move steadily in low speed and stop smoothly.
Controlling motorcycle at a low speed

The motorcycle can be controlled at a constant low speed by:
• Maintaining a steady throttle opening and controlling the clutch at the ‘biting point’ position
Pull in clutch lever slightly

to reduce speed
(disconnect power
transmitted).
1) Keep the engine Release clutch lever 2) Release clutch lever to

spinning smoothly slightly to increase biting point (1/2 clutch) and
and steadily. speed when desired. hold to maintain low speed.
Regulating of speed with correct gears and low speed control

This practice enables you to adjust speed according to road and traffic conditions.
Low speed control – control the speed with half clutch
control towards next cones.
4th gear 5th gear Stop in 1st gear

1st gear 2nd gear
Apply both brakes

to slowdown. Pull
in clutch lever and
tap gearshift lever Check right blind spot, 3rd
5 to 6 times to stop move forward in 1st gear
in 1st gear, close to gear
and stop steadily behind
the set of cones. next set of cones.
3rd
gear 4th
gear
Note: The gears should match the
speed of the motorcycle.
Tip: 1. As speed increases, you should
engage higher gears.
4th gear 2. As you reduce speed, engage lower
gear.
5th gear
3rd gear
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Lesson 2.01
2.01 BLIND SPOT, TARGET STOPPING, SLOPE & LEFT TURN. ii)
i) Blind Spot T
Training objectives: To identify and check blind spot correctly.

Motorcycle’s blind spot
Shown in the diagram below is your mirror’s coverage and limitations even when properly adjusted. The
areas shaded in blue are known as your blind spots, which the mirrors do not cover.
Blindspot check
Do not turn your body or shoulder
How? To check blind spot for otherwise the handlebar will
vehicles close to you - turn follow the movement and cause
your head over the shoulder your motorcycle to veer off
for a quick glance, taking no course.
longer than one second (having
your eyes off the road ahead is
dangerous!).
When? After your consulting

mirror, before:
• Moving off
• Turning
• Changing lanes
Other vehicle’s blind spots. Other vehicles on the road have the same limitations with their mirrors.
Therefore, should not stay in the blind spots of other vehicles.
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1 Lesson 2.01
ii) Target stopping
Training objective: To stop within a safe distance behind other vehicles and stop line.
Stopping behind other vehicles
Always stop about a motorcycle length away from other vehicles.
Stopping at junction
Stop motorcycle close to the stop line. Positioning
Riders view –
Speedometer is almost
in line with the stop line.
2
3
4
5
Turning
Proper control of the clutch & throttle and line of vision is important for a good turn
Too wide
Too sharp
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Lesson 2.01
iii) Left turn.
Training Objective: To turn left safely without making wide or sharp turns.
Safety procedure before moving off and turning
at position 3, looking the

entrance of the turn to determine distance
away and severity of turn, to prepare for the turn.
Fingers
and brake levers, holding the handlebar.
4 Check mirror
and blind spot.
Signal left and slowdown. (Change

down to 2nd gear if you are in 3rd).
When at position 2, you should be looking here

to guide motorcycle towards intended path and
3 adjust speed according to traf c .
Change to 3rd gear if

traf c condition allows.
Check for traf c Change to 2nd gear

approaching from and cancel signal.
the right.
Check left-side When at position 1, you should be
blind spot before looking here.
making moving
off.
Open throttle and release

2 clutch lever further to
increase speed.
1
Maintain steady throttle and clutch
at biting point to turn out gradually.
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1 HB.indd 32 12/04/2013
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1 Lesson 2.01
iv) Stopping and moving off on a slope.
Training objectives: - Stop and move off from a slope smoothly without stalling engine or rolling backwards.
- Apply engine brake to control speed when going down a slope.
Gravitational forceis constantly acting on all things,including themotorcycle. Butitseffects ismorepronounced

when riding up or down a slope and this force is greater, the steeper the slope is.
Gravity resisting vehicle moving up Gravity assisting vehicle moving down
• Speed decreases easily, therefore you must • Speed increases easily, slowdown before going
speed up before going uphill. downhill.
• For power to accelerate, select low gears. • For effective engine brake, select low gears.
• To slowdown – release accelerator. • To slowdown – engine brake & both brakes.
• To stop – brake later. • To stop – brake earlier.
• Clutch in first before braking if slope is steep or • Brake until vehicle is slow enough to stop and
when speed is slow to avoid stalling engine. clutch in just before stopping.
• If clutch lever is pulled in – engine power is not • If clutch lever is pulled in – engine power is not
transmitted, speed of vehicle decreases. transmitted, speed of vehicle decreases.
Posture – Adopt correct riding posture when travelling up or down a slope to help balance the weight of the
motorcycle to improve traction and control.
Lean forward to Lean backwards

put weight over to put weight over
the front wheel. the back wheel.
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Lesson 2.01
Riding up, stopping and moving off the circuit slope

Signal right, maintain steady throttle, release clutch
lever to biting point and maintain. Check right side blind
spot. Increase throttle opening, release foot brake while
simultaneously releasing clutch lever gradually to move off. Apply both brakes gradually to
stop. Depress brake pedal firmly
Closed throttle, release clutch lever fully (engine to keep motorcycle stationary.
brake) & let motorcycle roll down the slope.
Closed throttle,
Lean backwards & brake clutch in & change
gently to control speed. to 1st gear.
Brake further to stop

Lean forward &
& clutch in just
before stopping. increase speed.
Stopping (upslope)
Close throttle Clutch in Select 1st gear Apply both brakes to stop
Moving off (upslope)
Depress brake Open throttle & maintain Release clutch lever to

pedal firmly Signal (right) intention to move off steady engine speed biting point and hold
Increase throttle Gradually let out the clutch lever, while Release lever &
Check safety (right side) opening releasing the foot brake to move off hold handlebar
Travelling down slope and stopping
Fingers away from Clutch in when motorcycle

clutch lever Apply both brakes to slowdown & stop is almost stationary
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1 Lesson 2.01
Positioning of motorcycle on the circuit slope
1st and 2nd motorcycle 3rd and 4th motorcycle, stop

stop behind marker. at the bottom of the slope.
Up
slope
5th motorcycle
onwards, queue here.
&
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Lesson 2.02
2.02 TURNING, LANE CHANGE & TRAFFIC RULES. ii)
i) Left turn and filter lane. T
Training objective: To negotiate filter lanes and left turns safely.
Refer to lesson 2.01 on how to make a proper left turn safely.

Filter Lane
Increase speed
immediately if road If necessary,
ahead is safe. stop behind
give-way line.
Check left blind spot & look

towards intended path.
Check for traffic

approaching from the right.
If pedestrians use zebra crossing,

stop behind the stop line.
Check for pedestrians

approaching or using
zebra crossing.
Check mirror, signal left

and check blind spot.
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2 Lesson 2.02
ii) Right Turn
Training objective: To position correctly and turn safely without making wide or sharp turns.
Minor to major road turn - positioning and turning path
Eye point during moving off.
Move forward,
about ½ a lane
before turning.
2) Change 1st and 2nd

to 2nd gear. motorcycle stop
behind marker.
1) Check traffic
approaching from
the right and left.
Check blind spot
before moving off.
Major to minor road turn - positioning and turning path
Stop to give way to oncoming

traffic, if necessary. (Position
with handlebar in-line with
broken white line).
2) Reduce 4) Check mirror &

speed & check blind spot, if safe to
oncoming traffic. make the turn without
stopping to give way.
1) Check
mirror,
signal right 3) Select appropriate gear.
and position
motorcycle
about 0.8m
away from
centerline.
Eye point
before turning.
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Lesson 2.02
iii) Lane change
Training objective: To change lanes safely without wobbling or sudden movements.
Forward movement lane change
Look towards targeted point

to complete lane change.
1) Maintain steady throttle.
2) Check mirror, signal left

and left side blind spot.
3) Look towards target
point, increase speed &
shift to a higher gear.
Eye point before

lane change.
Tip: The motorcycle wobbles easily during

lane change, if the rider:
• Fails to identify a targetted path early
(wrong eye point).
• Poor adjustment of speed.
• Turns body when checking blind spot.
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2 Lesson 2.02
Short Distance lane change – This applies when the road space is limited e.g. cars obstructing your path
or a need to make another turn soon.
Side clearance of
minimum 1meter.
1) Control 2) Check mirror, 3) Gradually

speed. signal left and increase speed.
check left side
blind spot.
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Lesson 2.02
iv) Observance of Traffic Rules.
Training objective: To obey all traffic rules and regulations when interacting with road users.
It is essential that a rider comply with all the road markings, traffic signs and right of way rules to create a safe
environment for all. Traffic light signals – precautions should be taken against those who may fail to comply
and not give way to you.
Approaching a traffic light controlled junction.
When approaching junctions, slow down and …

• keep a safe following distance,
• check mirror for tailgaters and warn them,
• look out for traffic approaching junction from
other directions, and
• react to changes to traffic signals.
Be ready to stop safely when necessary.
Stop here to give way to traffic going through

the junction from the opposite direction.
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2 Lesson 2.02
When signal turns to AMBER
When signal changes to amber, you should

stop the motorcycle behind the stop line.
Do not stop over the

pedestrian crossing or in the
junction obstructs the path
of other road users
Vehicles too close or passed

the stop line should proceed,
after confirming safety.
Vehicle waiting behind stop line must

give way to vehicles clearing the junction
even when the traffic signal turns green.
When signal turns to AMBER
Do not speed off blindly the moment

traffic signal turns green – confirm
vehicles approaching junction are
able to stop before proceeding.
You must stop when traffic

signal turns red. Beating
the red light is a risk you
cannot afford to take.
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Lesson 2.02
Traffic signs - there are three main types of traffic signs:
Mandatory signs
Mostly circular in shape - these are compulsory signs and it is an offence to
disobey them.
Warning signs
Triangular in shape - they warn of various road hazards or conditions ahead, for
the rider to take the necessary precautions.
Information signs
Rectangular in shape - they provide the rider with useful information of the road
ahead.
Common road markings and signs.

Parallel continuous white lines Single continuous white line Merging lanes
Min. 1 meter
Center line of a two-way road.

Center line of a two-way road. Allowed to cross the line when
avoiding hazards or overtaking
Do not cross these lines. You
– provided that there is no Lanes merging ahead. Give way
may pass a vehicle, without
oncoming vehicles. to vehicle ahead of you and
crossing the lines, if there is
merge alternately.
sufficient side clearance.
Stop line or sign Give way lines and sign Zigzag white lines
Pedestrian zebra controlled area

Must give way to traffic on -vehicles approaching must be
the major road. However, if ready to stop and give way to
Compulsory to stop behind pedestrians.
stop line. traffic is clear, you can move No overtaking or parking allowed
out without stopping. within this zone.
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2 Lesson 2.02
Yellow box
A yellow box prohibits vehicles from stopping

in areas that will hinder the flow of traffic.
2) Turning vehicles may wait inside the yellow

box to give way or for traffic to clear.
1) Vehicles cannot stop inside a yellow box

and obstruct traffic or pedestrians.
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Lesson 2.02
Junctions and Pedestrian Crossings.
Vehicles approaching from opposite direction and pedestrians using designated crossings.
Turning vehicles must give way
to pedestrians using pedestrian Vehicle going straight
crossings. has right of way over
turning vehicles.
Vehicle turning left has the

right of way over vehicles
turning right.
Vehicle turning ‘Left on red’ must

stop and give way to pedestrians
& vehicles approaching from the
right.
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2 Lesson 3.01
3.01 NARROW PLANK & PYLON SLALOM

i) Balancing in low speed on narrow plank.
The aim: To keep the motorcycle on a straight course when Stop behind
riding at very low speeds. marker.
Training objective: To control the motorcycle on the narrow

plank for 6 seconds or more.
Low speed control – A motorcycle wobbles and falls to the side
once it is too slow.
It is advisable to keep a constant speed on the plank.
The technique used is:
• To get the feel of balance, look ahead 15-20 meters. When bike
• becomes difficult
Maintain a steady throttle. to control,
• Half clutch control - limits the amount of engine power to the release the
rear wheel. clutch a little to
increase speed.
• Use the rear brake only if the speed is too fast. Do not apply
the front brake.
Maintain steady
• Adjust the handlebar to maintain a straight path.
throttle and ½
clutch control.
E.g. when motorcycle starts tipping to the right >>> turn Apply rear brake
handlebar to the right. This will get the motorcycle upright, if speed is too
and quickly return handlebar straight. fast
Bike tips Turn handlebar If approach

to the to the right. speed is too
right. slow, the bike will
be off balanced
when the front
wheel touches
the ramp.
Move forward in
a straight line at
a normal pace,
looking
15-20m ahead.
Check right side

blind spot before
moving off.
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Lesson 3.01
Riding posture on the plank. ii)
T
• Sit close to the tank to centralize weight and for a good reach to the handlebar to steer without unwanted av
upper body movements.
Eyes-looking T
Relax upper body about 5-10m
ahead Elbows bent
Sit closer to Light grip

fuel tank
Knees
grip tank
Feet pointed
forward.
• Relax your upper body and grip the fuel tank with thighs. Do not use body as a counter weight to balance the
motorcycle.
Do not lean body to the right/left. Or open your Bike tips

legs to keep the motorcycle straight. to the left.
An excessive bodily movement makes the

motorcycle go off the plank easily.
• Alternate your eyes focus between 5 to 10m to make early adjustment to keep the bike on course.
• Looking down at the area just in front of you makes you lose your balance.
Note: Once the front wheel goes off the plank, do not attempt to get on it again, as you may lose control.
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1 Lesson 3.01
ii) Maneuvering technique for pylon slalom.
The aim of this course is to equip riders with the skills to

avoid multiple hazards during an emergency.
Training objective: To negotiate the slalom course without

touching the pylons and boundaries in
less than 6 seconds.
Turning
Look towards the exit
and pass through
Look at the next without stopping.
target helps
adjustment of
speed.
Turn and lean with
the motorcycle. Adjust speed using
the throttle and the
foot brake.
When handlebar is
straight, open throttle
gently to proceed to
next target point.
When front wheel is

almost in-line with the
cone, close throttle &
turn in the centre of
the 2 cones.
Keep 1m away
from the pylon.
Accelerate sufficiently
& change to 2nd gear
before turning.
Always look 2 cones
ahead to chart your
course early.
Stop.
Check blind spot
and moving off.
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3.02 EMERGENCYBRAKEONWETSURFACE
Demonstration braking using front only rear brake only

and both brake. To understand to stopping distance of
each braking.
Lesson 3.02
The aim of this course is to equip riders with the skills
to stop the motorcycle in the shortest distance safely
during emergencies.
Training objective: To stop within 11 metres at the

speed of 30-35 km/h on wet surface with the correct
technique and posture. Stop before red line.
i. Rapid acceleration to attain 30-35 km/h. Lower left leg to

just before stopping
Note: Start of lesson, practice at 20 km/h to get the & pull in the clutch
correct braking technique before increasing speed lever.
to 30-35km/h.
Apply both brakes
to stop.
To achieve 30-35 km/h, before the braking zone:
1st half of runway – Rapid acceleration. Close throttle.

Accelerate hard, from the
starting line, using 1st &
2nd gear to pull motorcycle Check speedometer
to about 30 km/h. to ensure speed of
30-35km/h.
2nd half of runway – Maintain speed.
Change up to 3rd gear & Adjust throttle to

to maintain speed between maintain speed.
30-35 km/h.
Speed should be
Take a quick glance at the around 30-35km/h.
speedometer. Make adjustments
with throttle, to stay between Change to 3rd

30-35 km/h. gear quickly.
Close throttle - when the bike is just

about to enter the braking zone Accelerate hard to
(speedometer meets white line). approx. 30 km/h
quickly.
Change to 2nd
gear quickly.
Accelerate harder
Close throttle here!
immediately after
moving off, to gain
speed.
Check right side

blind spot before
moving off when
signaled to move.
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2 Lesson 3.02
ii) Correct emergency braking procedure and technique.

1) Maintain speed between 30-35km/h and keep handlebar straight-ahead approaching braking zone.
2) Maintain the correct riding posture and look ahead.
a) Grip fuel
tank firmly.
b) Lean back
slightly without
locking elbows.
3) Close the throttle when the bike is about

0.3m away from the line.
Close throttle
4) Squeeze the brake lever immediately. Braking point –

Depress the foot brake gradually and when front wheel
then firmly to stop before the red line. passes line.
Tips:
• Use more of the front brakes than

rear to stop.
• On wet surfaces, you should brake more
gradually than when it’s dry.
• Increase braking progressively. Do not apply
the brakes too hard instantly. It will cause the
wheels lock and the bike to skid.
5) Just before stopping, lower left leg and pull in the clutch lever.
iii) Correct stopping posture.
Keep handlebar
Look up (do Increase front straight and do
not stare at brake pressure not lock elbows.
Clutch in. the red line). progressively.
Lower left leg to support bike. Stop before red line.
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Completed
Lesson 3.02
Lesson 3.02
Date:
4
T
Check back (right side) sp
Hold brake. for approaching traffic.
i)
T
Select 1st gear -

To change with
Lower right leg Ease, clutch in & out
to support bike. several times while
kicking down to 1st gear.
Check back (left side)

for approaching traffic.
Signal intention
to move off –
turn on right
signal.
Lower left leg
to support bike.
Check back (right side)

for approaching traffic,
before moving off.
Stop & give way

if necessary.
Check mirror & right side blind spot.
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2 Lesson 4.01
4.01 ‘S’ & CRANK COURSES

The aim is to understand the vehicle’s limits in speed, operation and banking angle when manoeuvre in tight
spaces and to negotiate a series of turn safely.
i) ‘S’ Course.
Training objective: To negotiate ‘S’ bends smoothly in less than 11 sec. safely.
Close throttle slightly

& apply foot brake
lightly to control speed.
Maintain
steady throttle.
Timing begins
when front wheel
Throughout thecourse: crosses line.
• Grip fuel tank &
relax upper body.
• Look ahead into the
course.
• Lean your body
with the bike as you
Release negotiate the turns.
foot brake.
Release the clutch
slowly & fully.
Turn on throttle
gradually to
increase speed. Increase speed &
change to 2nd gear.
Apply foot brake lightly

to reduce the speed.
Timing stops when front

wheel crosses line.
Slow down & prepare
Confirm to give way to vehicles Signal left
approaching the exit.
safe & stop, and check
if necessary. left blindspot
Check blindspot.
Maintain steady
Stop & queue here throttle.
for next course.
y
Start of lesson: Practice going round the course at a comfortable pace focusing on eye line, speed control
(throttle & brake control), banking angle before trying to meet subject requirement.
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Lesson 4.01
Correct riding posture.
1. Look ahead into the course. This helps you to prepare & react to conditions (curves) in front.
2. Loosen arms to absorb road shock.
3. Hold handlebar gently (fingers away from the brake & clutch levers) for smooth throttle & steering control.
4. Grip fuel tank with the thighs for stability as you and the machine will act as one.
5. Place both feet on the foot pegs, covering the brake & gear pedals with toes pointing forward.
6. Adopt a lean with posture and bank with the bike.
Effects of banking
angle over turning
radius, at a
constant speed.
Over banking – bike Correct banking Insufficient

makes a sharp turn. angle – for the banking – bike
chosen path. makes a wide.
Turn.
Note: You can vary speed and/or banking angle of the motorcycle to adjust turning radius.
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1 Lesson 4.01
Lean-with
The lean-with posture - leaning the body with the motorcycle at the
same angle - is recommended for most situations and is considered
the safest.
However, there is a limit to how far the motorcycle can bank before the
foot peg scraps the road or the tyres to lose grip when road is slippery
(e.g. wet). At this point, it is unsafe to bank the motorcycle any further,
as the wheels will lose traction easily.
ii) Crank course.

Training objective: To negotiate right angled turns smoothly in less than 6 sec. safely.
When given the signal Increase speed Release the clutch

to move off, check right and change to lever gradually.
blind spot and look 2nd gear.
towards intended path.
Timing starts
when front wheel
crosses line.
Timing stops Keep closer to the left for the next turn.
when front wheel Apply foot brake to reduce & control speed.
crosses line.
Slowdown & Move closer Release foot brake &

lookout for to the right turn on throttle slightly.
vehicles before
approaching exit. turning. Focus on your
intended path.
Reconfirm safety & Do not stare at

stop if necessary. the obstacle that
you want to avoid;
Turn to the left side of it makes you go
the lane if turning left. towards it.
Turn to the right side of the lane if proceeding straight.
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Lesson 4.02
5
Circuit Training Review
T
Training Objective: To achieve all circuit courses requirements and move from course to course safely,
abiding by traffic rules.
i) Review all stage 1 to 4 subjects:
- Training route sector 1 repeat several rounds.

- Training route sector 2 repeat several rounds.
ii) Improve on weak subjects.
junction.
Check junction
37
54

2 Lesson 5.01
5.01 INTRODUCTION OF CIRCUIT TEST ROUTE, PILLION RIDING AND U-TURN
Training objective: i) Familiarize the circuit test route

ii) Understand evaluation requirements
i) Circuit Test Route
Safety procedures - apply as indicated on map.

Check right blind spot. Check left blind spot. Check junction.
Signal right. Signal left.
Include checking back before moving off, after every stop
ii) Understand of evaluation requirements

Refer to Riding Assessment Checklist page no. 88
168767GCB0121.indd Sec1:5864
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AM
55

Cornering Practice
Slow in fast out

practice
Start
point
Cornering
practice
15-25km/h
1
iii) Basic rules of pillion riding
Training objectives: Understand and able to apply the do & don’t in pillion riding.
Riding with aa pillion and as aa pillion.

.
When a passenger or any additional load carried will alter the behaviour of the bike and compromise its
handling. If a passenger shifts around, the motorcycle’s handling can be unpredictable. Therefore the rider
must experience how the extra load affects the motorcycle and made adjustments to suit and advice his
passenger accordingly.
Points to note when carrying a heavy load:
• Weight distribution is shifted backwards – affecting front wheel traction.
• Braking distance is longer (esp. when fast) - it is more dif cult to stop.
• Steering response is slower – more effort is required to initiate a turn or change direction.
• Ground clearance is reduced e.g. foot pegs touches ground earlier when turning – limiting banking
angle and corner speed.
• The bike is unstable and wanders easily at low speeds - making it harder to track a straight line.
• Harder to move off steadily from standstill and takes longer to increase speed (small capacity bike).
Braking distance Without pillion
With pillion Longer
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Notes for Riders
• Inform the pillion of the dos and don’ts.
• Aviod any communications.
• Apply the front brake when the passenger mounts/dismounts.
• Adjust the suspension and increase tyre pressure if necessary to handle
the additional weight.
• Check and adjust the mirrors after your passenger is seated on the bike
with you.
• Ride at a slower pace, especially when taking corners, going over bumps and uneven surfaces.
• Start slowing down earlier than usual when stopping.
• Maintain a larger cushion of space from other vehicles.
• Wait for larger gaps to cross, enter, or merge into traffic.
• Be smooth when braking, shifting gears and accelerating.
A smooth and relaxed ride with few surprises creates confidence in the pillion and helps reduce rider effort
in handling the motorcycle.
Advice for pillion.
• The pillion’s main responsibility is to remain as neutral as possible to avoid destabilizing the bike.
• Inform the rider before getting on the bike - only after the bike is started and the rider is ready.
Sit too far back
• Sit close to the rider with the knee pressed against the rider’s hip and hold the rider by the waist.
• Keep both feet on the foot pegs at all times and keep legs away from the exhaust pipe.
• Relax and look over the shoulder of the rider. Watch traffic/road conditions to prepare for a turn, and
anticipate any sudden acceleration or deceleration.
• During braking, prepare yourself by gripping the rider’s hips with your
thighs and leaning your body backwards slightly to stop yourself from
sliding into the riders seat.
• During acceleration, hold on to the rider and lean forward slightly.
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Lesson 4.02
• A bike leans into a turn. Stay directly behind the rider,

lean with the bike but don’t do it deliberately. Just relax
and go with the bike, avoiding any unnecessary motion.
• Should the pillion bank away from the rider, the bike will
wobble and lose stability.
• Don’t dget at high or low speeds.

• If your rider is ltering through traf c, remember that the bike is harder to handle at low speeds, so the
less movement you make will help steady the bike.
• Don’t distract the rider whilst moving. They need their concentration on the road. Avoid talking or moving
when the bike is in motion.
• Signal the rider to slow down or stop if you are uncomfortable.
• Don’t get off the motorbike until the rider has both feet on the ground and is aware of your intend.
Practice **
* *
Pair up and apply the above mentioned advice * * * *
to ride through the circuit test route safely.
• Switch roles after completing each route. *

• *
Focus on smooth steady progress, *
*
course requirements i.e. timing, speed &
braking distance are secondary. * * *
*
*
*
*
*
*
* *
58

Lesson 5.01
5.01 PILLION RIDING ON CIRCUIT TEST ROUTE
Training objectives: Able to through the test route with a pillion .
Check junction
37
Note: Check junction left & right when approaching and before proceeding after traf c lights turn green.
59
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54 HB.indd 12/04/2013
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CONTENTS.p64.indd 1 24/11/16 2:05 PM
1 Lesson 5.02
5.02 CIRCUIT EVALUATION
i) Circuit assessment accordance with Riding Assessment Checklist.
Training objective: To complete the circuit test route with less than 18 demerit points and no immediate
failures in accordance with riding assessment checklist. (on page 88)
a) Warm up round - go through the evaluation route once.

b) Briefing – take note of evaluation requirements & mistakes made during warm-up round.
c) Evaluation – less than 18 demerit points and no immediate failures to pass.
Evaluation course - Circuit Test Route.
Safety procedures - apply as indicated on map.

Check right blind spot. Check left blind spot. Check junction.
Signal right. Signal left.
Include checking back before moving off, after every stop
Note:
i) Passed Riding Theory Test (valid for 1 year from of day of passing).
ii) Provisional Driving Licence (PDL) valid for 6 months only.
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Lesson 6.01
6.01 INDEPENDENT RIDING IN LIGHT & MEDIUM DENSITY TRAFFIC

F
i) Pre-ride checks.
A
a) Motorcycle (refer to lesson 1.01 pre-ride check). du
• Lighting, valid road tax disc, L-plates etc. w
Practice:
• Applying the horn (use to warn others)
• Flashing the high beam (use to capture attention or as a warning signal)
• Using the kick-starter to start engine (in case electric starter fails).
Change another motorcycle if it is not road worthy.
b) Rider
• Identification Card (NRIC) or Passport & Valid Provisional Driving Licence (PDL)
Rider will not be allowed to ride on public roads without the above mentioned documents.
• Physical fit (fatigue, alcohol consumption etc.)
Rider will be barred from taking lesson (including circuit training) if he is not in the condition
to ride safely.
ii) Riding in observance of Traffic Rules.
Training objective: To ride according to traffic rules and regulations.
Judgement of speed and distance.
A good judgement of your travelling speed and distance from other road users is needed for a rider to regulate
speed for smooth flow and interact with other road users safely.
Example 1 L
•
•
40km/h - Too slow
Taking too long to pick-up speed is considered too slow if the road ahead is clear.
Example 2 On the other hand riding too fast if there is an obstruction ahead is also dangerous.
•
50km/h -
Too fast
Tip General rule: Accelerate briskly to the speed limit when it is safe.
Slowdown when approaching hazards.
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1 Lesson 6.01
Following and stopping distance.

Always keep a safe following distance of at least 2 seconds behind another vehicle to react and stop safely
during emergencies. Increase following distance to at least 4 seconds when conditions are unfavourable e.g.
wet road, poor visibility or when you are tired.
2 Second Rule
One thousand and one...
Reference Marker Start counting to 2 sec. once car passes marker.
One thousand and two.
You are 2 sec or more behind car, if you finish Pass the marker and you are following less 2 sec
counting up to 2 seconds before the marker. away – slowdown accordingly!
Stopping distance Approx.1 bike length behind small vehicles.
Approx. ½ a bike length. Min.1½ bike length behind large vehicles.

Lane discipline.
• Always keep left whenever possible - leave the outer lane clear for overtaking or emergency vehicles.
• Do not change lanes suddenly, without first signalling your intentions and confirming it is safe to do so.
Maintain a safe following distance.
• Obey the directional arrows marked on the lanes, signal your intention early and position in the correct lane
accordingly.
Forming up in appropriate lanes according to directional arrows approaching junctions
Right turn
Straight
Straight
Straight
Left turn
Left turn
Turn alternately, one at a time. Signal and position in the appropriate lane for
your intended direction of travel well in advance.
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Lesson 6.01
P
Single File Formation – For sharp bends and turns
O
Right side is meant for Check safety and move gradually to the left, an
motorcycles heading straight. forming a single file, well before the intersection.
Check mirror Keep a safe Slowdown and give way

& blind spot. following distance. to merging motorcycle.
Turn to the centre of the lane.
Return to the staggered

formation after turning.
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1 Lesson 6.01
Passing intersections.
One third of all traffic accidents occurred at or near intersections simply because it is where road users converge
and meet. Always abide by the rules and be ready of those who don’t.
Passing a traffic light controlled

intersections. Safety tips for intersections:
• Reduce speed and be
prepared to stop should
any danger arise.
• Anticipate:
- traffic lights changing.
Vehicles from filter lane may - road users moving into
turn out without giving way. your path.
Car turning right may

misjudge your speed and
turn without giving way you.
Steps to passing a junction safely
6) Gradually increase speed and

proceed cautiously.
5) Confirm traffic light is still green

and your path is free from hazards.
4) Look out for traffic, when

approaching 20m to the
intersection.
3) Keep safe distance from vehicles

ahead and warn tailgaters (if any).
2) Reduce speed (if you are fast).
1) Position in the appropriate lane.
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Lesson 6.01
iii) Protection of pedestrians.
S
Training objectives: To keep a safe gap from pedestrians when passing them.
To give way to pedestrians at pedestrian crossings.
Y
Characteristics of pedestrians.
A large portion of pedestrians, especially those who do not drive/ride, are clueless to the;
• Traffic flow – they may not be aware of directions from which a vehicle can be traveling and fail to check
before crossing the road.
Accidents involving pedestrians often result in serious injury or even death. It is your responsibility
to ride cautiously!
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1 Lesson 6.01
Safety precautions.
Young children
ck
Children may just dash across the road without checking.

Their small built and fast movements make them difficult to spot. Be alert and careful when riding in residential
areas, school zones or when they are spotted near the road.
Elderly or handicapped
The elderly needs more time to get across the road as they are physically weaker. Their hearing and vision
also deteriorates with age – making their judgement of your speed and distance inaccurate. Always be
ready to give way and stop, if necessary, when they are in your path.
Passing pedestrians
Min. 1.5m of side clearance - if they are not
facing you & are not aware of your approach.
At least 1m of side
clearance when they
are facing you and are
aware of your approach.
Always maintain a safe clearance when passing pedestrians.
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Lesson 6.01
Types of pedestrian crossings. S
Raise zebra crossing A
It is constructed over a hump to restrict the speed

of passing vehicles and is indicated by the words
“SLOW X-ING AHEAD” marked on the road before
the crossing or the yellow checkered boxes.
Approach cautiously and reduce speed regardless

of the presence of pedestrians.
Giving way to pedestrians at crossings.
Vehicles to stop behind the stop line

whenever there are pedestrians approaching
the crossing.
Pedestrians should be at
least 5 meters away from your
vehicle before moving off.
Slowdown when you see pedestrians

close to the crossing even if unsure of
their intentions.
Signalized pedestrian crossing (Red and Green Men Crossing)
When pedestrians are spotted

around the vicinity, slow down and
prepare to stop as traffic signal may
be changing soon.
Note: Failing to stop and give way to pedestrians using designated pedestrian crossings is a major (immediate
failure) offence.
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1 Lesson 6.01
Stopping position.
Always stop before the stop line when giving way to pedestrians.
Do not stop on pedestrian crossings – as you will obstruct the path of pedestrians.
Reduce your speed and keep a longer following distance as you approach the the zigzag white lines. Check
traffic condition ahead, for situations that may cause the vehicles immediately.
Cross Junction
Watch out for cyclists.
When going turning

right, give way to
pedestrians.
When going straight,

beware of turning
traffic who did not
give way.
Do not stop abruptly

without giving
sufficient warning to
the driver behind you. Do not obstruct
oncoming traffic.
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Lesson 6.01
T - Junction
Stop here to give way to

pedestrians, as there is no traffic
approaching from the front.
Move forward
Beware of & stop before
pedestrian the pedestrian
taking short crossing.
cuts – be ready
to stop early.
iv) Series of bends.- Understand Human Perception, Judgement and Reaction
Training objective: To negotiate bends with correct speed, position with good perception and reaction.
Check mirror & blind

Accelerate gradually spot (complete approx.
Keep right & once bike changes 1-2 sec. before turning).
look out for direction.
oncoming Position
traffic. Increase speed & in the
select a higher gear Cancel signal middle of
if condition permits. & adjust speed the lane.
accordingly.
Give way
when
necessary Signal, Adjust Signal &
or turn Reduce
check mirror speed speed & assess
without & blind spot. accordingly. road &
stopping if select a
Adopt a lean with suitable traffic
safe. condition.
Slowdown & posture & maintain gear for
prepare to a steady throttle the turn.
change direction. while turning.
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Lesson 6.01
v) Left turns and filter lanes.
Training objective: To negotiate left turns smoothly with proper speed regulation and vehicle positioning.
Road positioning.
Left turns (minor to major road)
Parked vehicle obstructing

After stopping behind your view & preventing
the stop line, you can Turn the bike following the you from assessing traffic
move forward to have a curvature of the kerb and condition accurately.
better view of the traffic stop behind the stop line.
situation (do not obstruct
path of passing vehicles).
Form up in a single file on
the left side of the lane.
Safety procedures Proceed with turn if the approaching vehicle is more than 6 seconds away.
Check left Adjust handlebar to the straight ahead position before

blind spot & stopping to prevent bike from tipping sideways.
lookout for
hazards on
the left before Turn the bike to the left when the front reaches the
turning out. point where the kerb starts to curve away (turning
too early causes the bike to go too close to the kerb.
Check traffic approaching Signal left, check mirror for tailgaters & reduce speed gradually.
from the right.
The 6 seconds safety buffer
If the vehicle traveled at 40km/h, it should be about 65m away.
Car travelling at 70 km/h must be further than before you can turn safely.
The 6 seconds away is for the rider to:

• Provide a safe distance from the approaching vehicles
• Complete turn
• Quickly increase speed to match speed of other vehicles
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Lesson 6.01
vi
Left turns (major to minor road) Scan into the turn for hazards and
make final adjustment to speed or path. Check angle of the T
turn and choose a
Look through the turn suitable speed.
to steer bike towards S
the center of the lane.
Maintain steady throttle Check left side Signal left,

when the bike is at the blind spot check mirror
right banking angle. Increase speed gradually for tailgaters
and pick the bike upright.
& reduce
speed
Increase speed and gradually.
change to a higher gear.
Filter lane
Accelerate quickly,
if condition ahead
permits and merge
safely with traffic flow.
Give way to
approaching vehicles Always reduce speed to assess and react
& stop behind give to the traffic situation accurately!
way lines, if necessary.
N
Check for vehicles moving

Stop behind white line for pedestrians. towards filter lane exit.
Check for pedestrians

approaching/using the crossing.
Keep a safe following distance behind

front vehicle & be ready to stop. Signal left, reduce speed and check mirror &
left blind spot before turning into filter lane.
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1 Lesson 6.01
vi) Lane change and right turn.
Training Objectives - Judge the speed & distance of approaching vehicles to change lanes safely.
- Negotiate right turns smoothly with proper speed regulation & positioning.
Safety precautions – Areas and situations to avoid when making lane change, for example:
Near intersections – other road users may move into your path.
Driver may Driver may assume you are heading
assume you straight and proceed ahead with U-turn.
are turning left
and moves out.
At or near a bend You may drift out

wide into the path of
You can’t see oncoming vehicles.
hazards round
the bend.
Near pedestrians Pedestrian may step onto

Pedestrian flagging down a taxi. the road seeing that you
are on the outer lane.
Taxi may stop abruptly.
Near bus bays Near traffic lights The traffic light may change
and the vehicle behind may
collide into you.
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Lesson 6.01
Judgment of speed and distance of front and rear vehicles. R

A good judgement of the traffic and road conditions around you is the most important factor to make a lane
change safely. A
yo
Check surrounding
P
To a new driver it is difficult to judge accurately the speed and distance of vehicles approaching from the rear. b
Reading the mirror.

Distance of vehicle behind yours can be judged by the size of the vehicle’s image in the mirror i.e.
• The smaller the image = the further the vehicle is behind you
• The bigger the image = the closer the vehicle is behind you.
Far behind ± 5 car lengths ± 2 car lengths Extremely close Within blindspot
Rear vehicle’s position

Speed of the vehicle behind you (relative to your travelling speed) can be estimated by the rate of change in size
of image, in the mirror.
Size of vehicle’s image Speed of vehicle What it means to you

Image size is small and The vehicle is travelling at the
constant (no change) Safe. Accelerate & move out.
same speed as yours.
Image grows bigger The vehicle is faster than you are. Not safe, let it pass and look for another
opportunity.
Image stops ‘growing’ Driver may be giving way to you.
The vehicle’s speed is maintained.
(no change) Double check, accelerate & move out.
Image gets smaller The vehicle is reducing speed or

Safe to move out.
you are faster than it is.
Note: Looking into the mirror takes your attention off the road ahead and is dangerous, but it can be far worst if
you fail to consult the mirror and blindly move into the path of another vehicle. You should,
• Plan ahead for the lane change and not wait till the very last moment
• Before checking mirror & blindspot;
Be aware of the traffic & road condition ahead
Keep a minimum following distance of at least 2 seconds from vehicle ahead
• Never look at the mirror longer than a second – take several quick glances instead.
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1 Lesson 6.01
Regulation of speed.
ne
After gathering information of the traffic and road condition around you, the next step is to adjust the speed of
your motorcycle according to the flow of traffic and space available, to successfully change lanes safely.
Adjusting speed and identifing opportunity to lane change.
Scenario 1 – Changing lane after approaching vehicle passes. Opportunity to move in
Parked
bus.
Slowdown
Allow red car to pass Other vehicles being far away.
before changing lanes.
Slowdown for the red car to pass. Ensure no other vehicle near you, gradually accelerate and lane change.
Scenario 2 – Changing lane before vehicle behind catches up.

Opportunity to move in
A row of vehicles following closely.

Accelerate & merge in
Confirm that the red car is at a safe distance, increase speed and gradually change lanes to the right.
Scenario 3 – Changing lane in-between two vehicles. Opportunity to move in
ze
Match speed of red car. Slowdown for red car to pass.

Slowdown, lower your gear for power. Confirm that the white car is not near you, accelerate rapidly and
gradually merge into the space between red and white cars.
Scenario 4 – Stop and wait for traffic on the right to clear before moving out.
if
Stop at least a car length behind the hazard. If traffic is heavy, stop and wait for traffic on the right to clear.
Move out only when if it is safe.
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Lesson 6.01
Right turn - Regulating speed, Road positioning & Safety procedure
Turning from Minor to Major Road As a guide, you may turn if the vehicle approaching from your right
is more than 6 seconds away from you and the vehicle on the left is more than 8 seconds away.
Accelerate rapidly if road ahead is clear.
> 8 seconds away
Change 2nd gear

> 6 seconds away
Stop. Give way to traffic approaching

from the right and left. Once confirm safe,
check blind spot and move off quickly.
Turning from Major to Minor Road As a guide, you may turn if the oncoming vehicle is more than 6
seconds away from you.
Signal right, slowdown and position When giving way, stop about ½ a lane
close to the centre line in a single row. away.
> 6 seconds away
Check oncoming traffic.

Give way to those that are Ensure no obstructions
less than 6 sec away . or pedestrians before
making the turn.
vii. Human Perception, Judgement & Reaction
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Lesson 7.01
7.01 INDEPENDENT RIDING IN LIGHT & MEDIUM DENSITY TRAFFIC
i) U-turn – Road positioning, safety procedures and speed adjustment.
Training objective: To negotiate U-turn smoothly with proper positioning and speed control.
Form up single row

3
Form up single row
Slow down and

prepare to stop
Stop before the

stop line.
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Lesson 7.01
ii) Overtaking.
Training objectives: - Overtake other vehicles safely.

- Slowdown and move to the left when being overtaken.
Overtaking is about passing a slower moving vehicle to get ahead and the manoeuvre is almost similar to
changing lanes, except that the risk is higher due to the presence of oncoming vehicles and a miscalculated
move may result in a fatal accident. Do not overtake or abort and fallback whenever in doubt.
Safety precautions – Areas or situations to avoid overtaking, for example:
Near intersections – other road users may move into your path.
Pedestrian crossing the road. Car turning left.
Car moving out

any moment. Bus may turn right.
At/near a sharp or blind bend. You are not Any of these situations.
allowed to
cross these a) When you do not have a good view of the traffic or
lines. road conditions e.g.
• approaching the brow of a hill
• behind large vehicles.
b) Areas where overtaking is prohibited e.g.
When another vehicle is overtaking. Overtaking more than one vehicle.
Unable to get back to the lane easily if road condition

turns unfavorable.
Judgement – Time and space required/available to overtake vehicles safely.
Factors to consider Overtake only if you are able to reach point B with sufficient clearance (safety buffer)
from both the vehicle you are overtaking and the oncoming vehicle.
Distance of oncoming vehicle
Speed? Est. distance car Estimated space available Estimated distance

would cover car would cover
Safety buffer
Speed?
Safety buffer
Will the cars increase speed?
How much time do I have? Beware: Oncoming vehicle will close in on you faster than
How fast should I be? you may expect, as you are moving against each other.
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1 Lesson 7.01
Overtaking procedures Being overtaken & approaching an overtaking vehicle.
Note: Always select Do not increase

a responsive gear speed.
to for acceleration Slowdown and
d when overtaking. keep left to allow
more space for the
vehicle to complete
the move safely.
Cancel signal &

resume normal riding.
Check blind spot.
Check mirror, see if you

can see the vehicle you
have overtaken in it.
Do not cut in abruptly.
Signal left.
Abort overtake if condition

turns dangerous. Move
back behind the bus.
Tap horn to notify bus

driver, if necessary.
Keep a safe
side clearance.
Accelerate and proceed
with overtake, if safe.
Move back if condition
is unfavourable.
Reconfirm traffic condition. On seeing an overtaking
vehicle in your path -
Move out gradually. slowdown, keep left, and if
Check mirror & blindspot. there is still a possibility of
a head-on collision, stop or
Confirm traffic condition drive off the road (left side).
ahead is safe (scan at
least 12 seconds ahead). Never insist on your
right of way in this
Maintain safe following dangerous situation.
distance, signal right.
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Lesson 7.01
iii) Defensive riding, risk forecast and reacting to hazards.
Training objective: To identify hazards, anticipate potential dangers and react safely.
Safe riding rules.
Create a safety cushion, of space, around yourself.
min. 2 sec min. 1.5m min. 2 sec

If the vehicle behind is following
you less than 2 seconds away, you
should increasing your following
distance to 3 or 4 seconds.
Passing obstacles. Stationary vehicles. Fixed obstacles.
Prepare for the

unexpected when
passing stationary
vehicles. Slow down
and be prepared to
stop.
Be aware of your surrounding.
Scan for hazards 12 seconds ahead from Look far & wide.
where you are. Move your eyes or turn head
to cover a wider area.
Check for traffic condition behind you every

5-10 seconds or whenever slowing down.
Never look at a particular spot for too long.

Check mirror
regularly.
Others can’t see you if Position yourself

you position this way. to see & be seen.
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1 Lesson 7.01
Trust only what your eye sees.
Assume the worst if you can’t see. Never entrust your

safety to the hands of others, remember, if you can’t
see them, they can’t see you.
Reduce speed; be ready to stop even if

the lights are in your favour.
Move forward cautiously and cover your

brakes till there is a clear view ahead.
Confirm that the vehicle has seen you

and is giving way before passing the
junction.
If the vehicle turning into your path stop

and let it pass.
Communicate Others can react, if they know In blind junctions, sound the horn/flash the
your intentions. high beam (at night) to notify road users.
Look like going I’m stopping for

straight. a right turn. Hidden vehicle. Hello! Anybody
there? I’m
coming thru’.
Communicate by positioning,
signals and brake light.
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Lesson 7.01
Identifying potential dangers.

V
Analyse available information, think of the worst probable outcome and be prepared for it.
Cyclist Traffic light is green.
Cyclist on walkway
approaching junction,
whom may turn left
or proceed straight.
Slowdown & give

Car signalling left. way to the cyclist.
Prepare to stop.
Are you ready for You may overtake as per other moving vehicles
the car to stop if (with at least 1.5m side clearance), if safe.
the cyclist rides
across the road?
Hidden & partially hidden road users. B

Pedestrian hidden
A child walking infront behind van. A
of the adults that
can’t be seen, moving
towards your path.
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168767GCB
1 Lesson 7.01
View ahead obscured by vehicle infront. Be prepared for driver to

apply emergency brake.
Stray dog dashing

across road.
Cyclist
Bus is
Vehicle lurking Vehicle is positioned slightly turning right.
in a side road. to the left without signals.
You’re also
turning right.
Are you ready if this Have you

car stops suddenly? anticipated this?
And this car
moving out.
Be cautious when approaching areas where your view is limited.
Approaching brow of hill. Do you know Blind bend.

what awaits you what to expect after the bend?
on the other side?
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Lesson 7.01
Anticipate the next move of others.
Others cut into your path without warning. Taxi Pedestrian flagging a taxi.
Taxi beside you.
Large vehicles moving to

the right, near a junction,
maybe trying to turn left.
Vehicles approaching this parked Are you ready for the taxi to cut into
car may swerve out into your path. your path and stop for the passenger?
Environmental hazards.
Riding in the rain.
When it is raining, a rider must deal

with is the poor visibility, wet and
slippery road surface.
Traction between tyres and road
surface is greatly reduced, causing:
• braking distance to increase twofold
• wheels to lock easily when braking
hard &
• skidding.
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1 Lesson 7.01
Be extremely careful if you have

to ride over slippery surfaces like
steel plates, manhole covers and
painted road markings.
Riding in the dark. Stay alert and compensate for the lower visibility by travelling slower.
Pedestrians in dark Vapourisation effects Bright lights of oncoming

clothes are hard to spot. makes pedestrian vehicles can be blinding
standing infront disappear – do not stare.
momentarily.
Road surface. Uneven road surfaces. Surface erosion

near junctions -
caused by frequent
heavy braking.
Beware of slippery surfaces e.g. oil spills, fallen leaves, Watch out for damaged road surfaces like
sandy, muddy areas etc. And stay away from the edge sunken or push-up areas. Go slow and avoid
of the road where lose contaminants accumulate. sharp steering angles if you can’t avoid them.
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Lesson 7.01
iv) Public Road test route.
Training objective: To ride on the intended test route safely and independently
Lane Merging lookout

for merging vehicle.
Pedestrian Crossing
slowdown & lookout.
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1 Lesson 8.01
8.01 DEFENSIVE RIDING TRAINING
i) Risk Forecast
ii) Apply Defensive Rules
Training objectives: To ride sole and be independent with defensive applications
i) Risk Forecast (Identify, Predict, Decide, Action [IPDA])
Identify – by using 12 second rule and observation habits already detailed, the rider should be scanning ahead
and identifying all hazards which could be potentially dangerous.
Predict – able to see one danger and think of possible potential danger.
Decide – rider to decide an escape path which will allow the rider to safely negotiate the hazard.
Action – Act upon your decision by employing the system or vehicle control.
ii)
Apply Defensive Rules:
- Two seconds rule.

o Maintain good spacing in normal riding situations at all speed.
- Four seconds rule.

o Being tail-gated.
o The driver infront is tail-gating another vehicle.
o When riding in adverse conditions.
- Twelve seconds rule.

o Scanning the ahead hazards
o Assist in judging a safe overtaking distance.
- Passing rule.
o To overtake or being overtaken.
- Head on collision avoidance rule:

o Read traffic condition 12 seconds ahead
o Reduce speed to create more time to respond
o React by maneuverings the vehicle according to situation.
o Ride off the road to avoid head on collision
- Intersection rule.
o Know your route and plan ahead.
o Expect the unexpected.
o Show your intention by position and signals
o Go with care.
87
8:55am AM
30/10 11:26:26
Lesson 8.01
8.01 FINAL EVALUATION. P

i) Review all circuit and road subjects. R
ii) Identify and improve on weak areas.
iii) Circuit and public road assessment according to Riding Assessment Checklist.
Training objectives: To ride independently through the circuit and public test route without accumulating more
than 18 points or make any “immediate failure” according to the assessment checklist.
(on page 88)
Please refer to the riding assessment checklist for the required standards for both nal evaluation and Traf c
Police test.
* **
*
* * * * 88
Page
*
*
*
*
* * *
*
*
*
*
*
*
* *
Note: To prepare yourself for Traf c Police Practical Test, please attend revision or self practice sessions.
Compulsory documents to produce when reporting for practical test:
1. Valid NRIC/Passport.
2. Valid Provisional Driving Licence (PDL).
3. Valid FIN Card for foreigner.
4. Valid Class 2B e-PDL.
Please report punctually for test, failing which, you will not be allowed to take the test.
88

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RIDINGASSESSMENTCHECKLIST
Trainee/TagNo.:Date:
ApenaltyisindicatedbyatickP.AtickinacirclePindicates“ImmediateFailure”. B
AtickinaboxPcarriesthenumberofdemeritpointsshownbesidethebox.
81
OneImmediateFailureoraccumulationof20demeritpointsconstitutesafailure.
Te
W
Co
T
DEMERIT ITEMPENALTY Th
A.NARROWCOURSE ca
(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)
(a
SCrankBumpy
CourseCourseSlalomPlankCourse
W
1.Runoffcourse/Strikekerb/
18.Brakewhilstnegotiatingbend/turning.................................2
Foottouchesground/
19.Unnecessarystopping........................................................2 1.
Falloffmotorcycle..............................................
F.JUNCTION
2.Strike/SlipPylon.............................................
1.Incorrectpositioning........................................................2
3.Failtomaintain“half-standing”posture.......................................6
2.Causeinconveniencetocrosstraffic...................................6 1.
(a)(b)(c)
3.Failtoformupcorrectly............................................................ 1.
4.Takemorethanthestipulatedtimeat11sec12sec13sec
4.Remaininthejuctionandcauseobstruction............................
SCOURSE....................46
(a)Wideturn(b)Sharpturn(c)Incorrectlane 1.
5.Takemorethanthestipulatedtimeat6sec7sec8sec
5.Improperturning..............2.........2...............4
CRANKCOURSE...........46
6.ProceedonAmberLight/FlickeringGreenArrow...............8
6.Takemorethanthestipulatedtimeat6sec7sec8sec 1.
7.ProceedonRedLight...............................................................
SALOM..........................46
8.FailtoobeyMandatory/ProhibitorySign.................................
7.Takelessthanthestipulatedtimeat6sec4sec3sec 1.
9.Failtostopatstopline...............................................................
PLANK...............CLASS2B........46
G.SAFETYCHECK 1.
8sec6sec5sec
1.Failtocheckblindspot....................................................4 1.
CLASS2A.........46
2.Impropercheckingofblindspot......................................2
10sec8sec7sec 1.
(a)Sideroad(b)Junction
CLASS2...........46
3.Failtolookoutfortraffic........................2...............4
8.Takelessthanthestipulatedtimeat6sec4sec3sec
H.SIGNALLING
BUMPYCOURSE.........CLASS2A.........46 2.
1.Failtosignalingoodtime................................................4
8sec6sec5sec
2.Failtosignal/Givewrongsignal.......................................4 2.
CLASS2...........46
3.Failtocancelsignal.........................................................4 2.
B.SLOPE(a)Lessthan(b)0.5metre
I.GENERAL 2.
0.5metreormore
1.Slowreactioninavoidingdangercausedbyothers...............10
1.Rollbackwards..........................2.................................
2.Improperactioncausingaccident/nearaccident....................
2.Excessiverevvingofengine......................................................2
3.Proceedonwrongcourse......................................................... 2.
C.EMERGENCYSTOP
4.Unabletoliftmotorcycle/pushmotorcycleroundafigureof8....
1.Failtoattaintherequiredspeed................................................6
5.Unabletoparkmotorcycleonitscentrestand.........................4 2.
2.Incorrectposture.......................................................................4
SCOREInstructor’sStamp
3.Incorrecttechnique....................................................................2
NumberofNumberof
4.Unabletostopwithinstipulateddistance..................................
ImmediateDemerit 3.
5.Losecontrolofmotorcycle........................................................
D.MOVINGOFF/STOPPING
FailuresPoints 3.
[]Congratulationoncompletingourtraining
1.Incorrectposture..............................................................2 3.
successfully.Togainmoreridingexperience
2.Delayinmovingoff..........................................................2
3.Pooracceleration.............................................................2
andbetterresult,weadviseyoutotake 3.
4.Wobblewhenmovingoff/stopping.................................2
self-practise/revisiontrainingbeforetest. 3.
5.Stallenginerepeatedly.............................................................2
[]Weadvisethatyouneedtoimproveyour 3.
6.Slowinrestartingstaledengine............................................2
ridingskillfurtherinordertobeready 3.
forTrafficPoliceTest.Pleasebookfor
E.FORWARDDRIVING
asubdequentlesson.
1.Failtokeepright(roadhogging)...........................................6
2.Failtokeepasafefollowingdistance...................................6
TESTEETOTAKENOTE:- 3.
Testeeshouldbringalongthefollowingdocumentsfortheir
(a)Straightroad(b)Bend
TrafficPolicePracticalTest:-
3.Failtokeepwithinalane..............................4..........6
1)NRIC/PASSPORT
4.Changelaneatbend............................................................6
2)TRAINEERECORDBOOKLET
5.Changelaneabruphty............................................................4
3)QDL(IFANY)
6.Wobblewhenchanginglane/negotiatingbend/turning...4
4)Forclass2and2A,testeesshouldproduceofficialdocument
7.Changelanewithoutduecare..................................................
(expiredlicence)toproofthattheirQDLisoveroneyear’speriod
8.Speedtooslow................................................................2
5)TrafficPoliceTestreceipt.
9.Failtoovertakewhennecessary..........................................4
*LATECOMERSWILLNOTBEENTERTAINED.
10.Failtoslowdownwhenapproachigroadhazard.................6
*PLEASEREPORTATMOTORCYCLETRAININGOFFICE
11.Notenoughsideclearancegiventootherroaduser............8
FORYOURPRACTICALTEST.
12.StoponPedestrianCrossing..............................................10
13.Failtotakeprecautionagainstpedestrian/cyclist..............8
14.FailtogivewaytopedestrianatPedestrianCrossing...............
15.Causeothervehiclestoslowdownortakeevasiveaction...8
16.Failtogivewaytovehiclewithright-of-way..............................
17.Failtochangetoappropriategearbeforeturning/stopping.4
3.
89

Bukit Batok Driving Centre Ltd
815 Bukit Batok West Avenue 5 Singapore 659085
Tel: (65) 6561 1233 Fax: (65) 6561 1266
Website: www.bbdc.sg
2 Company Registration Number.: 198801155R
2
TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF LEARNER’S COURSE AGREEMENT

2
6 The following Terms and Conditions apply to all and any person (the “Learner”) who applies to the BUKIT BATOK DRIVING CENTRE LTD (hereinafter
called the “Centre”) for any lessons or courses as selected from the Centre’s enrolment form, which shall together constitute the “Learner’s Course Agreement”
(also referred to as the “Agreement”)
e
Words importing the singular shall include the plural and vice versa and words importing the masculine gender shall include the feminine gender.
4
8 1. DEFINITIONS
In this Agreement the following words shall have the meanings as set out below unless specified otherwise or unless the context clearly requires otherwise:
1.1 Agreement refers to and is constituted by both the completed and signed enrolment form of the Centre as well as this Terms & Conditions. This Agreement
will endure for such periods as specified in the enrolment form.
1.2 “Learner” means the person applying for and desiring to undergo the training and instruction course, or any course as selected from Centre’s enrolment
form, and who agrees to these Terms & Conditions and is accepted by the Centre as a Learner.
1.3 “Extension” means that this Agreement will continue for a further period of time as specified in the enrolment form after expiry, and an extension fee is
4 payable in accordance with Clause 3.7a.
2 1.4 “Deposit Account” means the account designated and maintained by the Centre for the purpose of debiting amounts payable by and crediting amounts
n due to the Learner to whom a PIN will be issued on the application of such Learner under these Terms & Conditions.
1.5 “Booking Transaction” means any payment transaction effected by the Learner with the Centre by the use of his ‘PIN”.
1.6 “PIN” means the personal identification number for login entry that is assigned by the Learner and/or Centre for the purpose of authentication.
1.7 “Deposit Account Statement” in respect of any Deposit Account means the statement of account prepared by the Centre setting out the amounts debited
4 and credited to the Deposit Account as at the statement date.
4 1.8 “System” shall refer to the Centre’s computerised system, records and database, and associated electronic and computer equipment. It will be used inter-
4 changeably with the term “computer system” unless the context prevents such usage.
2. USE OF PIN
2.1 All records should refer to the Ce ntre system’s database record in the event that there are any discrepancies.
0 2.2 The use of the PIN shall be in accordance with the system or any other arrangements as may be authorised by the Centre from time to time.
2.3 At no time and under no circumstances shall the PIN holder (the Learner) inform any person of his Personal Identification Number. The Learner agrees
not to hold the Centre liable for any loss or damage suffered by the Learner where the Learner’s PIN has become known to some other person or has as
a result of such disclosure lost its confidentiality and become open to abuse.
2.4 The Learner shall notify the Centre immediately in writing or in person should the PIN be lost, misplaced or made known to another party. An administrative
4 fee shall be imposed for the issue of a new PIN.
2.5
The Learner shall in all circumstances accept full responsibility for and fully indemnify the Centre in respect of all transactions processed by the use of the
PIN, whether or not processed with the Learner’s knowledge or by his authority, or howsoever the default may occur.
3.
PAYMENT/ DEPOSIT ACCOUNT
3.1
All payments into the Deposit Account must be made by cash, or cashcard, or NETS, or cheque. All cheques must be issued in favour of BUKIT BATOK
3.2 DRIVING CENTRE LTD.
Cheques bearing the words “non-transferable” or “not transferable” or which are postdated will not be accepted.
3.3
All cheques accepted by the Centre will be entered into and reflected in Learner’s Deposit Account 5 days later.
3.4
Receipts for any payments and top-up accounts are not valid unless they bear the Centre’s computer terminal’s printing.
3.5
The Learner shall at all times ensure that his Deposit Account has sufficient funds to pay for charges, fees and other payments.
3.6
In the event that the Learner has insufficient funds in the Deposit Account for one or more payments to be made, the Centre may at its absolute discretion
reject the Learner’s application for any course or booking transaction or terminate or refuse to renew the Agreement, and the Learner shall be wholly
3.7 responsible for and shall have no recourse whatsoever against the Centre for any losses occasioned thereby.
The Centre may charge and the Learner hereby fully consents and authorises the Centre forthwith to debit his Deposit Account for any of the following
matters without prior notice or consent of the Learner (all fees shall be for amounts to be periodically determined by the Centre at its absolute discretion
without prior notice to the Learner):
(a) Where the selected Course has not yet been completed or it is necessary for the Learner to continue with the Course for one reason or another,
and it becomes necessary then for this Agreement to be extended upon expiry, the Centre shall (as hereby authorised by the Learner) automatically
extend the Agreement and accordingly automatically debit the Deposit Account for payment of the requisite extension or renewal fees on or before
expiry unless otherwise notified in writing / in person by the Learner at least ten (10) days prior to the date of expiry.
(b) For an administrative charge for further processing cheques tendered by the Centre or tendered on behalf of the Learner, which have been
dishonoured on presentation or are returned for any reason whatsoever.
(c) For Goods & Services Tax imposed and payable in respect of any fees charged or expense/ cost incurred by the Learner.
(d) For amount(s) due for booking(s) made according to the Centre’s record of transaction.
(e) For an administrative fee for the issue of replacement of each PIN.
(f) For a Fixed Group Instructors’ surcharge, where applicable.
(g)
(h) For the
For cancellation
monthly fee of bookingfee
maintenance transaction which may
on the Learner’s be imposed
Deposit Accountin due course.
should the outstanding balance not be withdrawn upon graduation, termination
d
or expiry of this Agreement. Upon reaching a zero balance in the account, the account shall be automatically closed, and Learner agrees not to
make any subsequent claims or engage in any disputes against the Centre over this matter.
(i) For an administrative fee for the production of any originals or copies of records, statements or any other services rendered by the Centre to the
Learner from time to time at the request of the Learner or other administrative expenses incurred or inconvenience suffered by the Centre in relation
to the Learner.
(j) for expired course back dated extension fees.
3.8 All fees paid are non-refundable and non-transferable, except as stated in Clause 6.2
90
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4. NON-CANCELLATION OF BOOKING TRANSACTION 8.
4.1 The Learner shall not be entitled to cancel or postpone any booking transaction or hold the Centre responsible or demand for any refunds under any (TA
circumstances whatsoever regardless of whether the Learner is affected by any unforeseen circumstances,medical condition or problem, illness or 8.
emergency that prevents Learner from being present or punctual for any training session or test booked by him. 8.
4.2 The booking transactions for all training sessions (excluding Warm-up and Test which cannot be cancelled) can only be cancelled if the cancellation
complies with the minimum specified period, ie the minimum period before commencement of training date and time. The cancellation is done through 8.
the Centre’s self-service terminal during the counter-operation hours or via internet. This ‘specified period’ is subject to change from time to time and 8.
shall be posted on the notice board at the Centre and/or its website. Once cancellation is successfully effected, the Centre shall immediately credit such
paid fee to the Deposit Account of the Learner. 8.
4.3 The Centre may impose an administrative fee for excess cancellation of booking transactions in due course, at which time such information will be posted
on the website and/ or Centre’s notice board. 8.
4.4 The Centre is entitled to reschedule any booking transactions made in the event of any system error or default, or any unforeseen circumstances.
5. ONLINE SERVICE/BOOKING SYSTEM 8.

5.1 The Centre will not be liable for any fault, loss and/ or damage to Learner’s computer or other electronic system or consequential loss therefrom resulting
directly or indirectly from using, connecting to, or accessing Centre’s online service or booking system. 8.
5.2 Learner agrees not to hold the Centre, its agents and staff liable for any loss arising from its website and other electronic databases and access points, 8.
in terms of any inability to book or cancel bookings, any data inaccuracy, any error or omission, any delay, or if the Learner is unable to access Centre’s 8.
website for whatsoever reason and Learner will keep and hold Centre, its agents and staff harmless from all claims and expenses due to any faults or 8.
defaults arising in connection with the foregoing. 8.
5.3 As information transmitted through the Internet is generally not confidential, the Centre does not guarantee the protection of Learner’s privacy. Learner 8.
will take all necessary measures (including changing Learner’s password from time to time) to protect the secrecy of Learner’s PIN. The Centre is not liable 8.
for any loss suffered by Learner or any third party due to any wrongful or fraudulent use of Learner’s account by Learner or any other person.
5.4 The Centre endeavours to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information provided but does not guarantee its accuracy or reliability. The Centre 8.
does not warrant that any of the Course Materials or this website will be provided uninterrupted or free from errors or that any identified defect will be
corrected; further, no warranty is given that this website and the Course Materials are free from any virus or other malicious, destructive or corrupting
code, programme or macro. 8.
5.5 The Centre reserves the right to modify, delete or replace the information on its website from time to time. 8.
5.6 The Centre reserves the right to deny or restrict access to its website to anyone at any time without giving any reasons whatsoever.
5.7 Learner agrees to indemnify the Centre and it employees, servants and/ or agents from and against all claims and expenses arising out of Learner’s use 8.
of its website/ booking system.
8.
6. FIXED GROUP INSTRUCTORS SCHEME
(This Clause 6 and part therein will not apply to Learners and person enrolled in P3, P3A and motorcycle courses)
6.1 Any Learner applying under Fixed Group Instructors Scheme (with surcharge) agrees to book for practical lessons under the booking chart of the said 8.
scheme – for the entire duration of the course. The Centre will assign any instructor from this Fixed Group to the Learner on a lesson by lesson basis.
6.2 A Fixed Surcharge will be imposed upon booking confirmation. The fixed surcharge will only be refunded or credited to the Learner’s Deposit Account at
the end of the session, if none of his preferred Fixed Group Instructors is allocated. The refund will be made once the system is updated. 8.
6.3 Learner is aware that he needs to schedule and book the practical sessions well in advance to avoid disappointment in not getting his preferred training
slots.
6.4 Should the system is unable to allocate any preferred Fixed Group Instructors in the specified session due to whatever reason, Learner is willing and 8.
agrees to accept any instructor and vehicle that is assigned to him instead.
6.5 Learner is aware that in last minute bookings the system will not allocate any one of his preferred Fixed Group Instructors and vehicles to him. 8.
6.6 Learner agrees to accept any instructor and any model of vehicle assigned to him for warming –up session and on practical test day.
6.7 The Centre has the right to replace or appoint another instructor(s) to Learner’s preferred Fixed Group Instructors.The preferred Fixed Group Instructors’
surcharge will still be payable.
6.8 9.
In the event of a termination or change in the current preferred Fixed Group Instructors, for any reason whatsoever, an administrative fee will be payable
9.
by the Learner. In which event Learner also agrees to cancel all the existing bookings (if any) and re-book the practical lessons under the new Group’s
booking chart, including the re-assessment lesson(s) on the training progress, and lessons will then commence according to the new training status as
9.
assessed by the New Fixed Group Instructors.
9.
6.9 Learner is required to change his preferred Fixed Group Instructors if his preferred Fixed Group Instructors no longer exists due to unforeseen
circumstances.
9.
7. DISCLAIMERS FOR THEORY TEST AND PRACTICAL TEST
7.1 Learner agrees to comply with the following, failing which the Learner shall be disqualified from the test.
10
(a) For Final Theory Test or Riding Theory Test, Learner must possess valid Basic Theory Certificate.
10
(b) For Class 2B, Learner must possess valid Provisional Driving Licence and valid Riding Theory Certificate.
(c) For Class 2A, Learner must possess valid Class 2B QDL for at least one (1) year based on licence issue date.
(d) For Class 2, Learner must possess valid Class 2A QDL for at least one (1) year based on licence issue date.
(e) For Class 3 and Class 3A, Learner must possess valid Provisional Driving Licence and valid Final Theory Certificate.
(f) For Class 3A upgrade to Class 3, Learner must possess valid Class 3A QDL Licence and valid Provisional Driving Licence.
(g) Learner must not be under suspension or disqualification or revocation of licence under any class of driving licence.
(h) Learner must not have more than 12 demerit points for any class of driving licence, inclusive of any pending offences and/ or offences that acquired
before and/ or after enrolment, failing which, it will lead to revocation of his newly acquired licence.
(i) A latecomer will be disqualified from taking the Theory or Practical Test.
(j) Learner must produce the above valid documents and NRIC or Passport. Learners who are foreigners must produce valid documents, FIN card and
Passport.
7.2 Female Learner who is pregnant shall not be allowed to attend any practical test unless each time she is able to produce a valid original medical certificate 10
issued by a medical doctor stating that she is fit to attend the practical test and the validity date. The medical certificate must be approved by the Traffic
Police Testing Branch.
7.3 Learner agrees that all test bookings and fees paid will not be refundable or transferable on any grounds whatsoever which included (but is not limited
to) any traffic offence charge, cancellation, test rejection and any disqualification from taking the test. 11
7.4 Learner agrees not to hold the Centre, its agents and staff liable for any loss or damage and for all claims and expenses resulting from test disqualification, 11
test rescheduling, test changes, test obligations, and for any inaccuracy, delay, error or omission in connection with the foregoing, or the test or Centre’s
information to and notification to the Learner of the test. 11
7.5 Learner will be disqualified by court from holding or obtaining a driver licence upon conviction if learner is under investigation and will be charge or have 11
been charged for any serious traffic offences.The disqualification will be imposed on all classes of driving licence including any newly acquired licence.
7.6 New driver who has two cases of not displaying distinguishing mark (triangular sign) against them, whether the cases are concluded or otherwise, will 11
not be allowed to take a theory/ practical test.
91

8. RULES FOR LEARNER
ny (TAKE NOTE: Clauses 8.14 to 8.23 will not be applicable to Learners undergoing the P3, P3A courses)
or 8.1 Learner is not allowed to enter the training circuit except for training and test purposes only.
8.2 Children are barred from the training circuit and classrooms at all times. Learners will be permitted to bring their children into the canteen and customer
on service area, provided that they exercise proper supervision over them at all times. However pets are barred from the Centre.
gh 8.3 No smoking is allowed on the premises except at particular designated “smoking” areas.
nd 8.4 This Agreement will be terminated and Learner expelled immediately from the Centre if found vandalizing, or committing an offence, or to have
ch misconducted himself or to have behaved inappropriately in the Centre.
8.5 Learner shall not attend any lesson or training or test session while under the influence of alcohol or drugs and shall not be permitted to consume the
ed same during any lesson or test or training session, and in any such default fees will not be refunded.
8.6 The Centre shall be entitled to refuse to conduct a lesson or training session for the Learner if the Centre is of the view that the Learner is physically unfit or
is suffering from any infectious and/ or communicable disease or diseases which may endanger the safety, health or lives of the Learner, other Learners,
the instructor, the Centre’s employees or any member of the public.
8.7 In lieu of disqualification under Clause 10, the Centre may at its absolute discretion suspend the Learner for such period or periods of time as it thinks fit
ng for breach of the Rules and Regulations herein.
8.8 The Centre reserves the right to disqualify Learner should he not satisfy test requirements after enrolment or during the test.
ts, 8.9 During Theory Test and Test Evaluation, talking, chatting, eating are strictly prohibited.
e’s 8.10 During any test, a dictionary is not allowed except for foreigners and only the consent of the invigilators on duty.
or 8.11 Any suspicious cases of cheating will be handed over to the Police immediately.
8.12 All communication and electronic devices, such as mobile phone, pager must be switched off during Theory and Practical Tests and Theory Lessons.
er 8.13 The Centre reserves the right to reschedule the test date or test evaluation date in the event of any disruption due to unforeseen circumstances.
ble 8.14 Learner will be liable for all traffic offences and/ or fines incurred while the vehicle is driven by Learner, and Centre accordingly disclaims all responsibility
and liability in this respect.
tre 8.15 Learner must be in proper attire when attending any lesson or test (theory/ practical). For safety reasons, high heels and sandals are not allowed during
be practical training and test session. For riding course (Class 2B, 2A and 2), long-sleeved shirt, long pants, gloves, helmet liner, and boots/ shoes are
ng required.
8.16 Learner has to accept any instructor, vehicle model and vehicle allocated to Learner at all times.
8.17 Learner must attain the minimum requirement of each subject or stage as decided by the instructor(s) before proceeding to the next subject or stage. He
has to complete the sessions/ revisions as recommended by his instructor.
se 8.18 Learner is aware that he has to schedule and block book his own training sessions upon enrolment to ensure the availability and reservation of training
slots (Class 3A and/ or Class 3).
8.19 Learner must complete all the theoretical lessons, driving / riding simulator and pass the final stage of practical lessons within the stipulated period before
taking the Traffic Police Practical Test. Failing which, the centre shall cancel the Learner’s test date and no refund of test fee, vehicle rental and warm up
fees.
id 8.20 Female Learner who is pregnant shall not be allowed to attend any practical training session unless she is able to produce before the practical training
session a certificate issued by a medical doctor stating that she is fit to attend the practical training session. The said certificate may be issued in respect
at of one session or a period of time covering several sessions. The medical certificate must approved by the Centre.
8.21 In the event the Learner fails or is unable to attend the practical test under any circumstances, the Learner shall be required to book for two (2) compulsory
ng revisions (training sessions) before booking the subsequent test date. He will not be entitled to any cancellation, postponement or refund for any such
booking.
nd
8.22 It is agreed that the Centre or its instructor, at its absolute discretion, may require the Learner to undergo revision of any previous lesson, and the Learner
shall bear the fee thereof.
8.23 No Learner shall be allowed to undergo the training session in the driving circuit and on a public road without first showing his instructor or trainer, each
and every time, a valid Provisional Driving Licence for that particular course he is in and his NRIC.
rs’
9. FETCH AND SEND SERVICE

ble
9.1 This service is provided for any Class 3C, 3A, 3AP and 3P Learner who wishes to start and/ or end their practical lesson at a designated point. Application
p’s
for this service requires 3 days’ prior notice.
as
9.2 An administrative fee may be imposed and will be stated in the application form for such service.
9.3 Learner agrees that time spent and cost incurred in fetching from the designated point and/or sending to the destination and returning to the Centre will
en
be included in Learner’s training hours. It depends on the traveling time and distance needed by the Learner and the Instructor.
9.4 Learner will not hold the Centre, its agent or staff responsible for any claims or disputes arising directly or indirectly from any disruption to this Fetch and
Send service which will include time loss from any traffic jam, communications breakdown, and accident.
10.
DISQUALIFICATION
10.1 The Centre shall at its absolute discretion be entitled to disqualify the Learner on the occurrence of one or more of the following events:-
(a) violation by the Learner of the Terms & Conditions herein and all Rules and Regulations of the Centre.
(b) any misrepresentation by the Learner to the Centre.
(c) the accumulation of more than 12 demerit points under the Driver Improvement Point System (DIPS) for the period of 24 months immediately before
or after enrolment by the Learner, or any applicable demerit-points aggregate/ scheme in force at the material time.
(d) the Learner’s failure to possess the required Singapore Qualified Driving Licence for Class 2B or 2A for at least one (1) year before undergoing the
ed course for Class 2A or 2 respectively.
(e) the Learner’s possession of Qualified or Provisional Driving Licence of any one or more classes with being under disqualification or suspension or
revocation.
nd (f) having multiple bookings of test dates for the same course, whether in this test centre or at other test centres.
(g) Unable to pass the eye-sight test required for Provisional Driving Licence application.
ate (h) Unable to produce the medical certificate of fitness issued by a medical doctor upon request from the centre
10.2 The Learner shall not hold the Centre, its employees, servants, and/ or agents responsible or liable in the event of any loss due to the Learner’s
fic
disqualification and/or termination of this Agreement or failure to attend any training session or lesson or cancellation of any training session or lesson
ed or Traffic Police Theory and Practical Tests.
n, 11. CANCELLATION/ TERMINATION AND EXPIRY

e’s 11.1 The Learner may terminate the Agreement by giving ten (10) days’ notice either in writing or in person informing the Centre together with all necessary
documents (NRIC / Valid Passport & FIN Card / Work permit)
ve 11.2 Bookings made prior to the termination will have to be cancelled in accordance with Clause 4.
e. 11.3 Cancellations of Traffic Police Theory and / or Practical Tests shall not be allowed, test fees, vehicle rental fees and warm-up fees are non-refundable and
will transferable to any other dates or persons.
11.4 Except as provided in Clause 11.5, and where there is unsettled claim against the Learner by the Centre, enrolment or extension, renewal fees or any
sums or fees shall not be refunded to the Learner upon termination by the Learner or the Centre.
92
Motorcycle Practical
Untitled-1 1 Training HB.indd 91 12/04/2013
5/1/18 8:58 05:54
AM
11.5 Upon termination, expiry or graduation, Centre shall be entitled immediately to delete from its records the entire Learner’s particulars and data.
11.6 An administration fee and backdated extension / renewal fees shall be imposed for Learners who wish to terminate, re-enrol or cancel of course
regardless of course type.
11.7 A Statement of Account shall be issued to Learner upon closure of his Deposit Account. Learner shall be under a duty to examine the entries in every
statement with respect to the Deposit Account and to inform the Centre not later than 7 days from the date of the statement of any irregularities or
discrepancies in the contents of such statement(s), failing which the Learner shall be deemed to have accepted and approved the statement(s).
11.8 The Centre shall refund by cheque, the balance in account to the registered address in our system, 2 weeks from the date of graduation, termination or
cancellation.
11.9 Upon termination or graduation, the Learner shall bank in the cheque within six months, failing which clause 3.7(h) shall apply. Upon closure of the
deposit account, Learners shall not make any claims or engage in any disputes against the Centre. An administrative fee shall be imposed for re-issue of
cheque.
11.10 The membership for class 3C, 3A, 3T, 3P, 3AP, 2B, 2A & 2 is valid for one year only and for P3, P3A, R3P is valid for six months only.
11.11 All payments into the deposit account shall not be withdrawn fully or partially before Termination or graduation of membership.
11.12 It is the Learner’s sole responsibility to ensure termination of this agreement is effected if request is done in writing.
12. LIMITATION & EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY

12.1 The Centre shall not be liable or be held in any way responsible to the Learner for any loss or damage which may be suffered by the Learner, or sustained
to any property of the Learner on the premises where such loss or damage is caused by any breakdown, failure or malfunction of the computer system,
disruption in shuttle service, machinery or equipment whether or not due to any acts or omissions of the Centre whatsoever.
12.2 Where death or personal injury occurs to Learner as a result of Centre’s or Centre’s agents’ or servants’ negligence, recklessness, or fault or to a
breakdown and malfunction in any part or parts of the training equipment or vehicle, whether on the premises or on the road, then in all such cases,
Centre’s liability will be limited to Centre’s insurance coverage.
12.3 The Centre excludes all liability whatsoever for property damage or loss to the Learner or Learner’s friends, servants and agents (“associates”) howsoever
caused, and therefore Learner and associates bring their property onto the premises at their own risk, and Learner agrees to indemnity Centre for all
losses arising in this respect, and if this exclusion of liability clause should fail to apply for whatever reason, the Centre nonetheless limits its liability to
$100 compensation for any one (1) occurrence or incident or accident.
13. LEARNER’S INDEMNITY

13.1 The Learner agrees to indemnify the Centre and its employees, servants and/ or agents for all losses, damages and expenses which the Centre may incur,
suffer, sustain directly or indirectly as a result of any act, omission, fraud, accident, negligence and/ or misconduct or breach of this Agreement by the
Learner or the Learner’s servants and or agents.
13.2 The Learner shall ensure before and/ or after enrolment that he does not suffer from epilepsy, mental disorder, sudden attacks of giddiness, chest pains,
neck pains, back pains, fainting, inability to read at a distance of 25 metres, colour blindness or suffer from any defects or handicap of his limbs which
could or may adversely affect the driving and/ or riding of a motor vehicle in any manner, whether in the Centre or on public or private roads and Learner
should inform the Centre of such matter before or during the training/ driving sessions as soon as Learner is aware of it. In respect of the foregoing,
Learner shall indemnify Centre for any injury or disability sustained by Learner as a consequence of any accident or incident that might occur as a result.
13.3 The Centre reserves the right to reschedule the training session or to make alternative arrangements or to cancel any training session and the Learner
shall not hold the Centre, employees, servants and/ or agents responsible or liable in the event of any loss or claim or expense incurred due to Centre’s
rescheduling of training session or Centre’s cancellation of any training session or system error or system problem or omission or system malfunction or
vehicle breakdown.
13.4 The Learner is responsible for his own insurance coverage and agrees to purchase any relevant insurance whenever he deems necessary.
14. DISCLOSURE
14.1 The Learner consents to the disclosure of his personal particulars and data given by the Learner to the Centre and any information in respect of the
Learner obtained, recorded or stored by the Centre in the course of the Learner’s enrolment with the Centre to the police, the Land Transport Authority,
the insurance company or its agent issuing insurance coverage for the Learner and to any other interested persons or bodies.
15. COMMUNICATION
15.1 The Learner shall notify the Centre of any change in address or other particulars stated in the Enrolment Application Form. All cards, notices, cheque or
any other communications to the Learner if sent by post or left at the last known address of the Learner shall be deemed to have been received by the
Learner on the day following such posting or on the day when it was left at the last known address. All notices or communications may be communicated
through any media chosen by the Centre and the Learner shall be deemed to have notice on the date of such communication.
16. DISCLAMIER OF WARRANITIES

16.1 The Centre expressly disclaims all warranties of any kind, whether express or implied, including, but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability,
fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement in respect of any services, equipment, vehicles and machinery it provided or utilizes at the Centre
or elsewhere.
17. VARIATION/ ADMENDMENT TO TERMS AND CONDITIONS

17.1 It is agreed that the Centre shall have the right at any time to change, vary or amend any of these Terms and Conditions, or any part thereof, or to impose
new Terms and Conditions, or impose any fees including but not limited to for use of online terminals or use of electronic equipment or any fee hikes or
any new or additional fees whatsoever, at any time and from time to time without prior notice and the Learner shall be bound by any such fees or variation
or amendment or addition to the Terms and Conditions provided that:
A notice referring to the changes will be posted on the Centre’s website and/ or notice board or mailed to the Learner. Any such notice will take effect
immediately, without delay, and such notice can also be given at a later time after the amendment(s) have been made, taken effect or been applied.
17.2 In any event, not withstanding the abovementioned, Learner’s continued use of Centre’s facilities, services and equipment, shall be deemed to constitute
Learner’s acceptance of such changes, modifications and/ or additions.
18. SEVERABILITY
In any term, phrase or clause of this Agreement, or any part thereof, should prove inapplicable, void, invalid or otherwise inoperable, it will be struck out
or ignored, and its severance or otherwise will not affect in any way the validity or enforceability of the rest of this Agreement.
This Agreement is subject to the Laws of Singapore.
-end-
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CONTENT

Lesson 1 Subjects Page

01. Orientation …………….............................……………………………………………....................... 1

02. Handling of a motorcycle …………………………………………………………............................ 19

03. Riding Posture, speed control & cornering …………………………............................................ 26

Lesson 2 Subjects Page

02. Turning, lane change & Trafﬁc Rules ……………………..........................………............. 36

Lesson 3 Subjects Page

02. Emergency brake on wet surface ……………………….....................………………......................... 48

01. ‘S’ & Crank Courses …………………………………………….........………………………………..51

02. Circuit Training Review ……………………........……………………………………………………....... 54

Lesson 5 Subjects Page

02. Circuit Evaluation ………………………………………………………….........…………………. 61

Lesson 6 Subjects Page

01. Independent riding in light & medium density traffic……………………………....………..……….. 62

Lesson 7 Subjects Page.

01. Independent riding in medium & heavy density trafﬁc ………………………..........……………….....77

Lesson 8 Subjects Page

01. Defensive Riding Training and Final Evaluation ………………………………………....……..……....87

i-iv Motorcycle Practical_2014.indd iv 02/01/2014 08:13

i) INTRODUCTION TO RIDING A MOTORCYCLE.

Protective clothing for riders.

• Long sleeve shirt.

And to have with you:

PSB approved Helmet.

The sleeves should

Shoes that do Half ﬁnger gloves

Avoid pants that are baggy

Shoes or boots. Preferably

Controls and Devices Rearview Mirror

Rear brake pedal

Rearview mirror Rearview mirror

Clutch fever Front brake lever

Turn signal switch

THROTTLE – It controls the supply of fuel to the engine, to

To operate - Hold throttle grip gently with right hand, turn

FOOT BRAKE PEDAL – It slows down and/or stops the rotation

To operate – Press the pedal downwards gradually, with ball of

To operate - Pull lever towards handlebar quickly with four ﬁngers to

Clutch disengaged, power is not

GEARSHIFT PEDAL – It is used to select the best gears for

Or lift pedal up with toes, using ankle movement, to select a higher

Fuel - Ensure that

Head lamp – low

Horn – Test the horn. Engine Oil - It should be

168767GCB0121.indd Sec1:4 7/11/08 10:32:24 am 168767GCB

Clutch – The clutch lever should have a free

Mirror – Always check and adjust the mirrors prior to riding

10:32:24 am 7/11/08 10:33:35 am

ii) OPERATING A MOTORCYCLE. S

Starting and stopping the engine. S

Pull in the clutch lever to disengage the clutch

Open throttle slightly and press starter switch to

Signal, high/low beam and horn operation.

Signal switch Light switch & horn

Close throttle and simultaneously….

Tap gearshift pedal down to select a low gear & lift

opening the throttle simultaneously (if speeding

5th gear Weak=Fast High