Radii and Chords
Tangents
THEOREM 109:
In a circle or in congruent
circles, two minor arcs are
congruent if and only if their
corresponding chords are
congruent.
THEOREM 104:
In a circle, if a radius is
perpendicular to a chord, then
it bisects the chord and its arc.
THEOREM 108:
In a circle or in congruent
circles, two chords are
congruent if and only if they
are equidistant from the
center.
Angles Formed by Chords, Secants, and
Definition of an Inscribed Angle:
An inscribed angle is an angle whose
vertex lies on the circle and whose sides
contain chords of the circle.
THEOREM 122:
If a secant and a tangent
intersect on the circle, then
the measure of each angle
formed is equal to one-half of
the measure of the intercepted
arc.
Formula:
x=½(x+x)
THEOREM 120:
If two chords/two secants
intersect, then the measure of
an angle formed is equal to
one-half of the sum of the
measures of the two arcs
intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle.
THEOREM 124:
If two secants, a secant and a
tangent, or two tangents
intersect outside a circle, then
the measure of the angle formed
is equal to one-half the
difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.
TANGENT LINES and
TANGENT CIRCLES
THEOREM 116:
If a line is tangent to a circle,
then it is perpendicular to the
radius drawn to the point of
tangency.
THEOREM 117:
If a line in the plane of a circle is
perpendicular to a radius at its outer
endpoint, then the line is tangent to the
circle.
Tangent Circles
● Two circles are
externally tangent
iff each lies in the
exterior of the other
except for the point
of tangency.
● Two circles are internally
tangent iff one of them
lies in the interior of the
other except for the
point of tangency.
Common Tangents
– is a line that is tangent to
each of two coplanar circles.
● A common internal
tangent is a common
tangent that intersects
the segment joining the
centers of two circles.
● A common external
tangent is a common
tangent that does not
intersect the segment
joining the centers of
two circles.
Power Theorems
THEOREM 9:
If two segments from the same external
point are tangent to a circle, then the
two segments are congruent.
THEOREM 10:
If two chords intersect, then the product of
the lengths of the segments of one chord is
equal to the product of the lengths of the
segments of the other chord.
THEOREM 11:
If two secant segments are drawn to a
circle from an external point, then the
product of the lengths of one secant
segment and its external segment is
equal to the product of the lengths of
the other secant segment and its
external segment
(Secant Segment)(External Segment) = (Secant
Segment)(External Segment)
THEOREM 12:
If a secant segment and a tangent are
drawn to a circle from an external point,
then the product of the lengths of the secant
segment and its external segment is equal
to the square of the length of the tangent
segment.
​(Secant Segment)(External segment) = (Tangent
Segment)^2
Shorter leg ---> Longer Leg:
Multiply by square root of 3
Longer leg ---> Shorter Leg:
Divide by square root of 3
Shorter Leg ---> Hypotenuse:
Multiply by 2
Hypotenuse ---> Shorter Leg:
Divide by 2
Area of a Sector of a Circle Area of a Segment of a Circle

A sector of a circle is a region bounded by A segment of circle is a region bounded by

two radii and an arc of a circle. a chord and the arc subtended by the chord.
It is a portion of the area of the circle cut off
𝐴 =
𝑚 2
π𝑟 by a chord.
360

2
𝐴 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
=𝐴 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
− 𝐴 ∆
𝑐
𝐴 = 360
π𝑟
2 1
→ 𝑐𝑚 ← 𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ
∆ 2
m = measure of intercepted arc
c = measure of central angle