STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A connection similar to Fig. 5.9, Text, is subjected to an external load that varied

from 0 to 1250 lb. The bolt is cold forged from (3003 H14) ; UNC threads.The Steel

parts C AISI B1113 have a total thickness of 1 ½ in. and an external diameter of 2D . It is

desired that the connection not open for an external load of 1.5Fe. Determine (a) the

initial tensile load on the bolt, (b) the bolt diameter for N  2 based on the Soderberg line.

Figure 5.9

Steel
COMPLETE SKETCH OF THE ASSEMBLY

(NOT TO SCALE)
 DESIGN COMPUTATIONS

Given:

Material for Bolt: (3003 H14) aluminum : UNC Threads

Material for Part C: AISI B1113

Total Thickness Part C (L): 1 ½ in

Do= 2D

Dr= D

Q = 1.5

Fe = 1250 lb

N=2

Required:

a.) The initial tensile load on the bolt.

b.) The bolt diameter for N  2 based on the Soderberg line.

 CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIALS

MATERIAL USED FOR BOLT

Aluminum 3003-H14
Categories: Metal; Nonferrous Metal; Aluminum Alloy; 3000 Series Aluminum Alloy
Material Good weldability/formability and very good corrosion resistance lead to
Notes: applications such as food and chemical handling, tanks, trim, litho sheet,
pressure vessels, and piping.

Data points with the AA note have been provided by the Aluminum Association,
Inc. and are NOT FOR DESIGN.

Composition Notes:
Composition information provided by the Aluminum Association and is not for
design.
Key Words: UNS A93003; ISO AlMn1Cu; Aluminium 3003-H14; AA3003-H14; Al3003-H14
 
Physical Original Value Comments
Properties
Density  2.73 g/cc AA; Typical
 
Mechanical Original Value Comments
Properties
Hardness, 40 AA; Typical; 500 g load; 10 mm ball
Brinell 
Tensile 22.0 ksi AA; Typical
Strength,
Ultimate 
  18.0 MPa
@Temperature 400 °C
  29.0 MPa
@Temperature 300 °C
  96.0 MPa
@Temperature 200 °C
  145 MPa
@Temperature 100 °C
  150 MPa
@Temperature -30.0 °C
  150 MPa
@Temperature 25.0 °C
  175 MPa
@Temperature -100 °C
  250 MPa
@Temperature -200 °C
  140 - 180 MPa
@Thickness 0.229 - 25.4 mm
Tensile 21.0 ksi AA; Typical
Strength,
Yield 
  12.0 MPa
@Temperature 400 °C
  17.0 MPa
@Temperature 300 °C
  62.0 MPa
@Temperature 200 °C
  130 MPa
@Temperature 100 °C
  145 MPa
@Temperature -30.0 °C
  145 MPa
@Temperature 25.0 °C
  155 MPa
@Temperature -100 °C
  170 MPa
@Temperature -200 °C
  >= 115 MPa
@Thickness 0.229 - 25.4 mm
Elongation at 16 %
Break  @Temperature -30.0 °C
  16 %
@Temperature 25.0 °C
  16 %
@Temperature 100 °C
  19 %
@Temperature -100 °C
  20 %
@Temperature 200 °C
  30 %
@Temperature -200 °C
  70 %
@Temperature 300 °C
  75 %
@Temperature 400 °C
  1.0 - 10 %
@Thickness 0.229 - 25.4 mm
  8.0 % AA; Typical
@Thickness 1.59 mm
  16 % AA; Typical
@Diameter 12.7 mm
Modulus of 10000 ksi AA; Typical; Average of tension and compression.
Elasticity  Compression modulus is about 2% greater than tensile
modulus.
Notched 172 MPa 2.5 cm width x 0.16 cm thick side-notched specimen,
Tensile Kt = 17.
Strength 
Ultimate 241 MPa Edge distance/pin diameter = 2.0
Bearing
Strength 
Bearing Yield 193 MPa Edge distance/pin diameter = 2.0
Strength 
Poissons 0.33
Ratio 
Fatigue 9000 psi completely reversed stress; RR Moore
Strength  @# of Cycles 5.00e+8 machine/specimen
Machinability  30 % 0-100 Scale of Aluminum Alloys
Shear 25.0 GPa
Modulus 
Shear 14.0 ksi AA; Typical
Strength 
 
Electrical Original Value Comments
Properties
Electrical 25.0 ohm-cir-mil/ft AA; Typical
Resistivity  @Temperature 20.0 °C
Magnetic 8.0e-7 cgs/g at 25ºC
Susceptibility 
 
Thermal Original Value Comments
Properties
CTE, linear  12.9 µin/in-°F AA; Typical; average over range
@Temperature 20.0 - 100 °C
  21.5 µm/m-°C
@Temperature -50.0 - 20.0
°C
  24.1 µm/m-°C
@Temperature 20.0 - 200 °C
  25.1 µm/m-°C
@Temperature 20.0 - 300 °C
Specific Heat 0.893 J/g-°C
Capacity 
Thermal 1100 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F AA; Typical at 77°F
Conductivity 
Melting Point  1190 - 1210 °F AA; Typical range based on typical composition for
wrought products >= 1/4 in. thickness
Solidus  1190 °F AA; Typical
Liquidus  1210 °F AA; Typical
 
Processing Original Value Comments
Properties
Annealing 775 °F Commercial practice: 750 to 1100°F, higher
Temperature  temperatures used only for flash annealing.
 
Component Original Value Comments
Elements
Properties
Aluminum, 96.7 - 99 % As remainder
Al 
Copper, Cu  0.05 - 0.20 %
Iron, Fe  <= 0.70 %
Manganese, 1.0 - 1.5 %
Mn 
Other, each  <= 0.05 %
Other, total  <= 0.15 %
Silicon, Si  <= 0.60 %
Zinc, Zn  <= 0.10 %
Solution:

a.) Solution for the initial tensile load on the bolt.

F i=Q F e
( kc
)
k b +k c
lb → (From DOME by Faires page 166)

Where:

Q = 1.5

Solving for k b,

A b Eb
k b= → (From DOME by Faires page 172)
Lb

Where:

Eb =10 106 psi(3003−H 14 aluminum) → (From Table AT 3

DOME by Faires page 566)

Lb=¿1 ½ in

TABLE AT 3 PROPERTIES OF SOME NONFERROUS METAL.(From DOME By.

Faires)
Material ULT. STR, ksi TEN YD, END. STR., sn, MOD. EL,
(ASTM No.) su sus s y , ksi. ksi at No. cycles E x 106
Aluminum Alloy
22 14 21(c) 9 at 5 x 108 10 x 10
6
3003-H14 (MIA)

Substituting,

A b ( 1010 6 ) psi
k b=
1 ½∈¿ ¿

6
k b=6.67 x 10 psi A b
Solving for k c,

A c Ec
k c= → (From DOME by Faires page 172)
Lc

Where:

Ec =30106 psi(3003−H 14 aluminum) → (From Table AT 7

DOME by Faires page 576)

Lc =¿ 1 ½ in

TABLE AT 7.PROPERTIES OF WROUGHT FERROUS METALS.(From DOME

By. Faires)

Modulus of Elasticity in Tension or Compression, E=3010 6 psi (For Wrought Iron,

6
E=28 10 psi )

Substituting,

A c ( 30 10 ) psi
6
k c=
1 ½∈¿ ¿

6
k c =20 x 10 psi Ac
For Area, Ab and Ac ,

From Figure 5.9

π 2
From A= D
4

Where:

D=Diameter of the bolt

Solving for Ab ,

Ab = [ π 2
D
4 b ]
Solving for Ac ,

From figure 5.9

A c = A a− A b

Where:

π 2
Aa = (2 D¿¿ b) ¿
4

Aa =4 [ ]
π 2
D
4 b

Substituting,

Ac =4
[ ][π 2
4
π 2
Db − Db
4 ]
Ac =3
[ ] π 2
D
4 b

Since Ab = [ π 2
]
D , therefore Ac =3 A b
4 b

For F i

F i=Q F e
( kc
k b +k c)lb

Where:
 Q = 1.5

Fe = 1250 lb

k b=¿ 6.67 x 10 6 psi A b

k c =20 x 10 psi Ac , but Ac =3 A b, Therefore k c =20 x 10 psi( 3 A b)

6 6

Substituting,

F i=(1.5)(1250 lb)
( [ 20 x 106 psi(3 Ab )]
(6.67 x 106 psi A b ) + [ 20 x 106 psi(3 A b)] ) lb

F i=(1.5)(1250 lb)
( [ 20 x 106 psi(3)] A b
Ab [ ( 6.67 x 106 psi ) + ( 20 x 106 psi(3) ) ] ) lb

F i=1687.41lb

b.) The bolt diameter for N  2 based on the Soderberg line.

Material: Aluminum Alloy 3003-H14 (MIA)

From:

TABLE AT 3 PROPERTIES OF SOME NONFERROUS METAL. (From DOME

By. Faires)
Material ULT. STR, ksi TEN YD, END. STR., sn, MOD. EL,
(ASTM No.) su sus s y , ksi. ksi at No. cycles E x 10
6

Aluminum Alloy
22 14 21(c) 9 at 5 x 108 10 x 10
6
3003-H14 (MIA)

su=22ksi

s y =21ksi
 sn=9 ksi

Solving for ∆ F b,

∆ F b=
( kc
)
F → (from DOME by Faires page 173)
k b +k c e

∆ F b 1=0

∆ F b 2=
( [ 20 x 106 psi ( 3 ) ] A b
A b [ ( 6.67 x 10 psi )+ ( 20 x 10 psi ( 3 ) ) ]
6 6
) (1250 lb)

∆ F b 2=1124.94 lb

Solving for F m,

1
F m=F i+ ( ∆ Fb 2−∆ Fb 1 ) → (from DOME by Faires page 173)
2

1
F m=1687.41lb+ ( 1124.94 lb−0 )
2

F m=2249.88 lb

Solving for F a,

1
F a= ( ∆ F b 2−∆ F b 1 )
2

1
F a= ( 1124.94 lb−0 )
2

F a=562.47 lb

Solving for corresponding stresses, sm and sa

 Fm
sm = → (from DOME by Faires page 173)
As

Fa
sa = → (from DOME by Faires page 173)
As

Substituting

2249.88 lb
sm = →working equation 1
As

562.47 lb
sa = →working equation 2
As

By Soderberg line:

From:

TABLE AT 12 VALUES OF Kf FOR SCREW THEADS. (From DOME By. Faires)

KIND OF THREAD ANNEALED
ROLLED CUT
Whitworth Rounded Roots 1.4 1.8

From:

1 s m k f sa
= +
N sy sn

Where:

N=2

Kf = 1.8 for Cut Threads (UNC)

Substituting,
 1
=
2249.88 lb
As
+
1.8
( 562.47 lb
As )
2 ( 21 x 103 psi ) ( 9 x 103 psi)

A s=0.4393 sq .∈.

From:

TABLE AT 12 VALUES OF Kf FOR SCREW THEADS. (From DOME By. Faires)

Siz Basic Major COARSE (UNC)
e Diameter in. Th Minor Dia. Stress Area, A s,
¿ Ext. Th, sq. in
7 0.875 9 0.7387 0.462
8

Therefore,

Use;

7
D= ∈. , A s=0.462 sq .∈¿
8
 Specifications

Single Threaded Power Screw

Material Used: (3003 H14) aluminum : UNC Threads

Inside Diameter, Di ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.7387 in.

Outside Screw Diameter, Do ---------------------------------------------------------------0.875in.

External Load, Fe ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1250lb

Thickness of Part C, L ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.5 in

Design Factor of safety, N ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

Initial tensile load on the bolt, Fi -----------------------------------------------------1687.41lb

Ultimate Strength, su ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 ksi

Yield Strength, s y ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 ksi

Endurance Strength, sn -------------------------------------------------------------------------9 ksi

Initial Tension, ∆ F b 1----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 lb

Initial Tension, ∆ F b 2--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1124.94

lb

Alternating Force, F m---------------------------------------------------------------------2249.88

lb

Alternating Force, F a-----------------------------------------------------------------------562.47

lb

Connection Factor, K f -----------------------------------------------------------------------------1.8

Stress Area, A s---------------------------------------------------------------------------0.462 sq. in

Effective Length, Le (Assume equal to Grip)-------------------------------------------------2 in.

Bill of Material
Material Cost

From William Construction Supply

Material Diameter Quantity Length Price/ft

(3003 H14) 0.875in 1 2 in Php.
aluminum
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

FAIRES, V. M., “Design of Machine Elements” 4 th Ed. New York: The McMillan

Company., 1969.

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