HY Cells

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9ny91x

1. Smooth endoplasmic reticu- - Synthesizes steroids + some types of lipids

lum (SER) - Found notably in testes and adrenal glands
(steroid biosynthesis)

2. Rough endoplasmic reticu- - COP II transports proteins anterograde from

lum (RER) COP proteins RER to Golgi for
processing/modification
- COP I transports proteins retrograde to RER
from Golgi

3. Golgi - Processes and packages proteins

- Clathrin-coated vesicles mediate transport
between Golgi and endosomes
- The answer for I-cell disease if they ask for
location of the enzyme defect

4. Centriole Produce mitotic spindles, which are com-

posed of microtubules and form
during M-phase of cell cycle

5. Nucleollus Nucleolus is site within nucleus where rRNA

is synthesized; "prominent
nucleoli" in Q means protein synthesis and
cancer grade (i.e., # of
mitoses)

6. Nuclear envelope proteins Nuclear envelope proteins are phosphorylat-

ed during mitosis (ridiculous but on Step 1
NBME)

7. Peroxisome - Very long-chain and branched-chain fatty

acid synthesis
- Refsum disease, adrenoleukodystrophy,
Zellweger syndrome

8. Lysosome - Contain hydrolytic enzymes for digestive

processes
- Answer for where Strep pneumo killing is
initiated (hydrolytic enzymes)

1/2
 HY Cells
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9ny91x
- Lysosomal enzyme deficiencies leads to
many diseases (discussed later)

9. Proteasome - Site of intracellular protein breakdown

- Ubiquitination of proteins targets them for
lysosomes
- Muscle atrophy entails ubiquitination of pro-
teins (NBME)

10. 34F + undergoing crypts of gut epithelium (any answer that is

chemotherapy; which of the a labile cell characterized by rapid turnover);
following cell types in this crypts are site of gut stem cells.
patient is most likely to be
adversely impacted by this
management?

11. Labile cell type - Remain in G1; never enter G0 (quiescent

phase)
- Most affected by chemotherapy because of
rapid
turnover

12. Stable/quiescent cell type - Enter G1 from G0 when stimulated

- Regeneration of liver à answer = "enter G1
from G0"

13. Permanent cells - Always in G0; regenerate from stem cells

2/2