THE ENGLISH SCHOOL

DEPARTMENT of CHEMISTRY

Name : Date :

Title of Test: Atomic Structure & Bonding

Duration: 50 minutes

Marks / 47 %
awarded

Answer the following questions in the space provided. For multiple choice questions,
there is only one correct answer.

1. (a) The electronic structures of elements X and Y are:

X 2.8.8.2

Y 2.8.6

What is the likely formula and type of bonding in the compound of X and Y? Circle the
correct letter.

Formula Bonding
A XY2 Ionic
B XY Covalent
C XY Ionic
D XY2 covalent

(b) Which of the following ions have the same number of electrons as a neon atom?

Atomic number Ion

11 Na+
17 Cl¯
8 O2¯

A Na+ and Cl¯

B Na+ and O2¯
C Cl¯ and O2¯
D Na+ only

1
(c) What is the type of particle making up the lattice in a solid sample of carbon dioxide?
A atoms
B ions
C electrons
D molecules

(Total marks for Q1= 3)

2. Hydrogen, deuterium and tritium are isotopes. Their structures are shown below.

Hydrogen Deuterium Tritium

(a) Complete the following key: (3)

represents …………………………………………

represents …………………………………………

represents …………………………………………

(b) What are the mass numbers of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium? (2)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c) Give the electronic configuration of an atom of tritium. (1)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) Explain what isotopes are, with reference to the hydrogen isotopes’ subatomic particles.
(2)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………

2
(e) Aluminium also exists as two isotopes. Use the information below to calculate the relative
atomic mass of aluminium. Give your answer to two decimal places.

(2)

Atomic number Number of protons Number of neutrons % in sample

of isotope

13 13 14 98.89

13 13 13 1.11

Relative atomic mass of aluminium= …………………………………………………. amu

(f) Why do isotopes have similar chemical properties? (1)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(Total for Q2 = 11 marks)

3. Complete the following table, with the aid of the Periodic Table.

Species Atomic Mass number Number of Number of Number of

number protons neutrons electrons

Ba 137

53 127 54

Ag+

(Total marks for Q3= 3)

3
4. The physical properties of substances A, B, C and D are listed below.

Electrical conductivity
Melting point/0C Boiling point/0C
at room temperature
A -39 361 Conductor
B 660 2600 Conductor
C -21 105 Non – conductor
D 636 1300 Non – conductor

(a) Which substance(s) has(have) the typical properties of

(i) An ionic compound: ____________________________________

(ii) A covalent compound: __________________________________
(iii) A metal: _____________________________________________

(b) What is the state of substance B at room temperature?

_________________________________________________________

(Total marks for Q4= 4)

5. This question is about phosphine, PH3 a gas which has some properties similar to those of
ammonia.

(a) Give the definition of the type of bonding displayed in PH3.

(2)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) In the space below, draw a diagram using to represent outer shell electrons of the
phosphorus atom and x to represent outer shell electrons of hydrogen atoms to show the
bonding in PH3.
(2)

(Total marks for Q5= 4)

4
6. Carbon exists in three different forms: diamond, graphite and buckminsterfullerene. The table
below shows a few common uses of diamond and graphite.

Diamond Graphite
Drilling and cutting tools Lubricant for locks

Jewellery To make electrodes

(a) Why might you expect all three forms to have the same properties and thus the same
uses?
(1)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Explain in terms of structure and bonding why graphite can be used as an electrode to
conduct electricity but diamond cannot.
(3)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) State the type of structure present in buckminsterfullerene.

(1)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5
*(d) Although diamond and iodine have the same type of bonding, the two substances have
very different properties. For example, the melting point of diamond is about 3700 °C and
that of iodine about 114 °C.

By referring to the structures of diamond and iodine, explain the difference in their melting points.

(6)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(Total for Q6 = 11 marks)

7. Lithium chloride is an ionic compound.

(a) Describe, in terms of electrons, what happens when lithium chloride is formed.
(3)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6
 (b) Explain why lithium chloride conducts electricity when in liquid state but not when in solid.
(2)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Suggest why the melting temperature of strontium chloride is much higher than that of
lithium chloride.
(2)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(Total marks for Q7 = 7)

8. Copper is a metal, each atom having a valency of 2. It can be found in its pure form or in
combination with other metals, forming alloys such as bronze.

(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the bonding in copper.

(2)

7
 (b) A metal cup is made up of copper and another cup is made up of bronze. Why is the bronze
cup more durable (harder) than the one made of copper? Explain your answer in terms of
structure and bonding in the two materials.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2)
(Total marks for Q8 = 4)