eR aElectromagnetism Xerography Xerography or Electrophotography is a dry copying process based on electrostatics. The major steps in the process are the charging of the photoconducting drum, transfer of an image, creating a positive charge duplicate, attraction of toner to the charged parts of the drum, and transfer of toner to the paper. Not shown are heat treatment of the paper and cleansing of the drum for the next copy Application The xerography process is the dominant method of reproducing images and printing computer data and is used in photocopiers, laser printers and fax machines Working Principle AR ens to £ ) tome Diagram 1.0 Four stage xerography In the first stage of the xerography process, the conducting aluminum drum is grounded so that a negative charge is induced under the thin layer of uniformly positively charged selenium. In the second stage, the surface of the drum is exposed to the image of whatever is to be copied. In locations where the image is light, the selenium becomes conducting, and the positive charge is neutralized. In dark areas, the positive charge remains, so the image has been transferred to the drum. The third stage takes a dry black powder, called toner, and sprays it with a negative charge so that it is attracted to the positive regions of the drum. Next, a blank piece of paper is given a greater positive charge than on the drum so that it will pull the toner from the drum. Finally, the paper and electrostatically held toner are passed through heated pressure rollers, which melt and permanently adhere the toner to the fibers of the paper. Diagram 1.2 Example of xerographypS eelnvene rea etn} SFT 3013 Xerography Advantage Xerography method are affordable machines for small, medium and large offices. This method ease of reproducing text and graphics in a matter of seconds, variable image resolution. Using paper, cardboard and acetates and easy to operate. By using the xerography no CPU was required and can do inserts, stapling and double-sided printing. ‘There is no drying required if involving xerography. Disadvantage There are disadvantage by using this method which are tonal scale is lost, toner leaves a white smudge if it is running out, only photo printing is best and some prints come out extremely hot, impossible to be taken by the operator. Lastly, we cannot print on textile, for that there are screen printing, sublimation and other Diagram 1.2 Chester Floyd Carlson with the first techniques. xerographic apparatus Conclusion Based on xerography technique we can assume that electromagnetism playing big role in our daily life. Due to xerography, we can manage to print many pages of text and pictures to give us information and to deliver other people information. Refferences BC Campus. (n.d). 47 Applications of Electrostatics. Retrieved from huips://opentextbc.ca/universityphysicsv2openstax/chapter/applications-of-electrostatics/ The Color. (2021). Xerography printing Retrived from https://thecolor.blog/xerography/ Xerox Nostalgia, (2018). Xerography. Retrieved from https://xeroxnostalgia.com/2018/01/09/xerography/