SOCSCI 2 PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER III: A Multi-faceted Image of Sustainable Development

Learning Outcomes:

3.1 Explain what development means.

3.2 Integrate the moral dimension of development, as well as the moral values
that should be integrated in community development work.
3.3 Discuss the relationship between peace and development.
3.4 Familiarize with the different Sustainable Development Goals.
3.5 Integrate personal values with the SDGs.

CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT

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 Development - “Kaunlaran”

- Condition, level or quality of life of an individual, family, community or a

nation as a whole; in relation to his/its physical, socio-cultural, political,
economic, moral-spiritual, technological emotional/psychological, and
intellectual well-being.
- Condition or level of life wherein man is able to actualize his
physical, socio-cultural, political, economic, moral-spiritual,
emotional/ psychological, and intellectual faculties and attain
his needs.
SOCSCI 2 PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT

DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT

 Physical - Concerns
maintenance of health and
physical order within a
community/nation.
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 Socio-cultural - Concerns
the quality of social
relationship or
interaction among
individuals/groups within
a society.
 It can also be the
appreciation of traditional
cultural beliefs and
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practices.

 Moral-spiritual - Concerns
practice of proper moral
values within a
community/society.

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SOCSCI 2 PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT

 Intellectual - Concerns
the capacity of
individuals to develop
their knowledge and
skills for the
improvement of life.
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 Political - Concerns
practice of governance
and maintenance of
peace and order within
a community.

Photo Credit: Jessica Scranton/FHI 360

 Economic - Concerns
the capacity of man or
groups to provide
adequate resources to
meet basic needs and
provide a decent way of
life.
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SOCSCI 2 PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT

 Emotional/psychological
- Concerns man’s
emotional attitudes
towards life, his capacity
to meet the “stress and
strains” of life.

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 Technological -
Concerns man’s
capacity to
employ/use the
discoveries of the
sciences to improve
his way of life

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SOCSCI 2 PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT

FACTS ABOUT DEVELOPMENT:

a. Development can either be seen in a “micro” or

“macro” perspective.
b. Development is holistic.
c. The various dimensions of development are
interrelated or intertwined.
d. The study of development is multidisciplinary.
e. Economics is not the “end and all” of development,
however it plays an important function in meeting the
other needs of man.
f. The irony of development is that when one maximizes
his capacity to fulfill one dimension, there is a tendency
to compromise the others.
g. The challenge of development management is to arrive
at a “rationalization” of development.
- Rationalization - maximizing people’s capacity to
actualize all dimension without compromising
the others. In other words maintaining
“homeostasis” of development.

LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT:

a. Sub-subsistence Level – Stage of life wherein man is barely able to meet the basic
necessities of life (food, shelter, clothing).
b. Subsistence Level - Stage of life wherein man has just enough to meet basic needs.
c. Development - Stage of life wherein man is able to meet basic needs and start
thinking of higher values in life such as health, recreation, arts, and education.
d. Self-Realization - Stage of life when one is no longer concerned only with meeting
basic needs of life but moves towards self-realization/actualization in terms of
maximizing his capacities and contemplate his role in the community and country.
SOCSCI 2 PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT

MORAL PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT

A. Human Dignity – Core Value which serves as the foundation for development.
- “It is a principle which recognizes the humanness of man; that man is
endowed with rights and has certain human faculties to perfect or
maximize.”
B. Popular Participation - A principle
which means that people or the
recipients of development
initiatives should not be treated
simply as receivers or beneficiaries
of development rather they should
be involved in the process of
planning and implementing
programs. They should always be
involved and consulted on matters
affecting their welfare.
C. Empowerment - Development should provide opportunities for people to know and
analyze their own community problems and meet their own needs with less assistance
from others. It should provide skills to encourage people to become more self-reliant.
D. Common Good – Development should be for the welfare of the majority and not simply
of the few or the powerful.
E. Social Justice - Development should provide for the equitable distribution of wealth,
power and opportunities among families, groups, communities, and nations. Those who
have more should provide opportunities for those who have less in life.
F. Sustainability (Intergenerational Equity) – Development should not only look at the
needs of the present generation but also that of the next generation. It should meet
people’s needs not only on a short-term basis, but should meet lasting or long-term
needs.
G. Social Responsibility - A principle which means that everyone is a steward of society.
Everyone should be involved in addressing social issues and problems. It emphasizes the
social dimension of development and addressing social problems. Everyone is co-
responsible for the welfare of society.

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