CHEM 401- LEC

P2.1 INTRODUCTION TO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

John Michael Lico | January 24, 2022

I. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Measure changes in There are two kinds of

→ The Science of Chemical Measurements (measured color, mp, bp, odor, quantitative analysis:
quantitatively) reactivity 1. Classical
→ a branch of chemistry involved with the analysis of Chemical
chemical substances. Analysis
• characterization of matter 2. Instrumental
- involves Analysis
o Separating (Qualitative)
o Identifying (Qualitative) – more on IV. THE ROLE OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
odor, changes in the color of solution, → Analysts work to improve the reliability of existing
formation of the precipitate, fumes techniques to meet the demands of for better
produced chemical measurements which arise constantly
o Quantify (Quantitative) – the relative in our society.
amounts of the components of the → They adapt proven methodologies to new kinds
sample. ( more on calculation) of materials or to answer new questions about
their composition.
❖ How to quantify – through classical methods → They carry out research to discover completely
(conventional way) or instrumental methods new principles of measurements and are at the
(digitize/modern instruments) forefront of the utilization of major discoveries
such as lasers and microchip devices for
II. AREAS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND practical purposes.
QUESTIONS THEY ANSWER
• Quantitation ❖ Analyst – those who works in the laboratory and
- How much of substance X is in the sample? analyze samples
• Detection/Identification
- Does the sample contain substance X?
(What you can observe)
• Separation
- How can the species of interest be separated
from the sample matrix for better
quantification and identification?
- SEPARATION TECHNIQUES:
o DECANTATION
o DISTILLATION
o FILTRATION
o EVAPORATION
o CENTRIFUGATION

❖ Ionic bond is stronger than H bond. Substances

that has lesser interaction are first to evaporate.

✓ Know your sample first to identify the best way to

separate.

III. TWO FIELDS OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

1. Qualitative Analysis
- Involves identification of substances of
interest.
2. Quantitative Analysis
- determination of concentration or amount of
substances present in a given sample.
• Analytes
- The components of a sample that are to be
determined

Qualitative Analysis Quantitative Analysis

Deals with the Deals with the
identification of determination of how
elements, ions and much of one or more
compounds in a sample constituent is present
(we may be interested in within a sample
whether a given
substance is present or
not)
Tells “what” is in a Tells “how much” is in a
sample sample
Identification of elements Expressed in
concentration
Chemical test Numerical data are
collected
Trans makers: Rances, C. 1
Editor: Hermoso, N. & Ismael, Y.