Acid Base & Salts – Edexcel (i) What substance is responsible for the

bubbles? (1)
...........................................................................................................................................................
Name:________ ___________________________
(ii) State one change to the magnesium ribbon
1. Magnesium oxide is also used as an that could be seen after adding it to solution X.
antacid. It helps relieve indigestion by (1)
neutralizing hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
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Give the name and formula of the salt produced ...........................................................................................................................................................

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when magnesium oxide reacts with hydrochloric
acid. (2) (iii) What does the colour change of the litmus

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paper show about solution X? (1)
Name ......................................................................................................................................

or
...........................................................................................................................................................

Formula................................................................................................................................. ...........................................................................................................................................................

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Q7(e)/1C/2014
(iv) Why does the litmus paper stay blue in
2. Complete the equation for the reaction by solution Y? (1)

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inserting the state symbols. (1) ...........................................................................................................................................................

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2Li( ...................... ) + 2H2O( ...................... ) → 2LiOH( ..................... ) + H2( ..................... )

(iii) State and explain the effect that the solution

formed has on red litmus paper. (2)
IL str 4. The diagram shows how hydrated
copper(II) sulfate crystals can be made by
Q2/2C/2014
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reacting copper(II) oxide with dilute sulfuric acid.
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(e) When lithium burns in oxygen it forms lithium

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oxide (Li2O).
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(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction

between lithium and oxygen. (2)
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(ii) When sodium burns in oxygen, one of the

products is sodium peroxide (Na2O2).
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Balance the equation to show the formation of

sodium peroxide. (1)
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…............................ Na + …............................ O2 → …............................Na2O

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Q8/1C/2014
3. Solution X is made by dissolving HCl(g) in
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water.
Solution Y is made by dissolving HCl(g) in
methylbenzene.
A student added magnesium ribbon and blue
litmus paper to separate samples of each
solution.
The table shows her results.
(a) Why is the sulfuric acid heated in stage 1? (a) Use the graph to answer these questions.
(1)
(i) What is the pH of the sodium hydroxide
........................................................................................................................................................... solution before any acid is added? (1)
(b) How would you know when the copper(II) .........................................................................................................................................................

oxide is in excess in stage 2? (1)

(ii) What is the pH of the solution after 40 cm3 of
........................................................................................................................................................... acid is added? (1)
(c) Why is the mixture filtered in stage 3? (1) ...........................................................................................................................................................

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........................................................................................................................................................... (iii) What volume of acid is needed to completely
(d) Why do crystals form when the hot saturated neutralise the sodium hydroxide? (1)

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solution is cooled in stage 5? (1) ..........................................................................................................................................................

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........................................................................................................................................................... (b) The table shows the colour of universal
(e) State the colour of the crystals formed in indicator at different pH values.

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stage 5. (1)
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(f) The crystals are removed by filtration and
then dried.

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Complete the table below to show the colour of
Suggest a suitable method of drying the crystals. the solution when the volume of hydrochloric
(1)
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...........................................................................................................................................................
acid added is 20 cm3 and when the volume
added is 35 cm3. (2)
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5. A total volume of 50 cm3 of hydrochloric
acid is added gradually to 50 cm3 of sodium
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hydroxide solution containing some universal

indicator.
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The graph shows how the pH of the solution

changes as the acid is added.
(c) Write a chemical equation for the reaction
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between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric

acid. (1)
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Q6/1C-june/2014
7. (b) The chemical equation for the reaction
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between lithium and oxygen is

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4Li + O2 → 2Li2O
Write a chemical equation for the reaction
between lithium and nitrogen. (2)

(c) (i) Lithium nitride reacts violently with water

to form a solution of lithium hydroxide and
ammonia gas.
Complete the following equation by inserting the (iv) Suggest replacement steps to obtain a pure
appropriate state symbols. (1) dry sample of lead(II) sulfate. (2)

Li3N(s) + 3H2O(...........) → 3LiOH(.............) + NH3(.........) step 4

(ii) Suggest a value for the pH of the solution ...........................................................................................................................................................

formed. ...........................................................................................................................................................

Give a reason for your answer. (2) ..........................................................................................................................................................

pH ...............................................................................................................................................

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step 5

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reason ................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................................................................................................................

Q8/1C-june/2014 ...........................................................................................................................................................
8. Solutions of lead(II) nitrate and sodium

or
sulfate react together to form the insoluble salt ...........................................................................................................................................................

lead(II) sulfate.

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(v) Lead(II) carbonate cannot be used instead of
(a) A student wrote this plan to prepare a pure lead(II) nitrate in this preparation.
dry sample of lead(II) sulfate.

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This is because lead(II) carbonate (1)
step 1 pour some lead(II) nitrate solution into a

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beaker A contains ionic bonding
step 2 add sodium sulfate solution until the
reaction is complete IL str B has a high relative formula mass
C is insoluble in water
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step 3 filter the mixture
D is toxic
step 4 heat the filtrate to evaporate some of the Q5(b)/2CR-june/2014
water step 5 cool the filtrate and remove the
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9. The diagram shows some pieces of

crystals apparatus used to measure volumes.
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(i) How will the student know when the reaction

in step 2 is complete? (1)
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(ii) Which compound could the student use in

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this preparation instead of sodium sulfate? (1)

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A lead(II) hydroxide
B nitric acid
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C sodium hydroxide
D sulfuric acid
(iii) State why the student should not have
included steps 4 and 5 in his plan. (1)
A student was given a large bottle containing
........................................................................................................................................................... sodium hydroxide solution and a supply of dilute
sulfuric acid of known concentration.
...........................................................................................................................................................

He was allowed to use normal laboratory

...........................................................................................................................................................
apparatus, including the pieces of apparatus
shown in the diagram.
He was told to plan an experiment to find the
concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution.
This is his plan.
Step 1 Obtain about 150 cm3 of each solution.

Step 2 Use a measuring cylinder to add exactly

25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution to a
conical flask.

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Step 3 Add a few drops of universal indicator to
the conical flask.

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Use the readings to complete the table, entering
Step 4 Use a burette to add the sulfuric acid to all values to the nearest 0.05 cm3. (3)

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the conical flask until the indicator changes
colour.

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(a) (i) Give the name of the most suitable piece
of apparatus in the diagram that should be used

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in Step 1. (1)

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...........................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Give the name of the piece of apparatus in

the diagram that should be used instead of a
measuring cylinder in Step 2. (1)
IL str (c) The student repeated the experiment using a
different concentration of sodium hydroxide
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........................................................................................................................................................... solution and recorded these results.
(iii) State why universal indicator is not a good The volumes of acid added during these
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choice for this experiment and suggest an titrations are not all the same. The average
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indicator that would be more suitable. (2) (mean) volume of acid should be calculated
using only concordant results.
...........................................................................................................................................................

Concordant results are those volumes that differ

...........................................................................................................................................................
from each other by 0.20 cm3 or less.
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(i) Identify the concordant results by placing ticks
(√) in the table where appropriate. (1)
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...........................................................................................................................................................

(iv) Why is a pipette not suitable for adding the

(ii) Use your ticked results to calculate the
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acid in Step 4? (1)

average (mean) volume of acid added. (2)
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...........................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................... Average (mean) volume of acid = ................................. cm3

(b) The diagram shows the burette readings in (d) The student used the same method to find
one experiment before and after adding the acid. the concentration of a solution of potassium
hydroxide. The equation for the reaction is

2KOH + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2H2O

These are his results.
 (a) Complete the table by giving the formula of
barium chloride and of barium carbonate. (2)

(b) The human stomach contains hydrochloric

acid.
Suggest why barium carbonate may cause
poisoning when it enters the stomach. (2)
He used these results to calculate the
concentration of the potassium hydroxide ...........................................................................................................................................................

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solution. ...........................................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

or
(c) Before patients have stomach X-rays they
are given a barium salt to swallow.

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Which salt in the table is safe to use? (1)

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There is one mistake in each step of the ..........................................................................................................................................................

calculation.

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(d) A student accidentally swallowed a small
What correction should the student make in amount of barium hydroxide solution, which is
each step?

(i) Step 1
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poisonous.
Suggest a reason why a solution of magnesium
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sulfate could be given to the student to swallow
........................................................................................................................................................... as a first aid treatment. Write a word equation
for the reaction that takes place. (3)
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...........................................................................................................................................................
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........................................................................................................................................................... Reason
(ii) Step 2 (1) ...........................................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
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........................................................................................................................................................... Word equation

(iii) Step 3 (1) ...........................................................................................................................................................
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Q3/1C/2013
….......................................................................................................................................................
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.. Q9/1C/2013
10. The table gives information about barium
salts.