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Mango : From Seed To Fruit

Presentation · April 2021

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22372.50564

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Goa University
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Mango : From Seed To Fruit
Shwetakshi Mishra
BSc. Second Year Biotechnology
Dhempe College of Arts and Science, Panaji, Goa
 SYNOPSIS
Mango Seed Selection

Mango Seed Germination

Care for Mango

Mango Cultivation and Netting

Harvesting Mango Fruits

 Mango Seed Selection
Step 1: Choose a Step 2: Look at the Step 3: Check for the
Before germinating healthy mango fruit physical Appearance of approximate weight of
mango seeds it is to extract the seed seed including mango seed taken.
breakage, wrinkles etc.  the seed represents
vital to know
from 20% to 60% of the
whether the seed is whole fruit weight,
capable of depending on
germinating or not. the mango variety.
Physical
parameters of seed
can be used readily
for this purpose.
Mango Seed Germination

• Mango seeds require two to four weeks to

get germinated depending upon method of
germination and variety of mango. There
are two main methods to germinate mango
seeds:
1. Drying Method
2. Soaking Method
 Mango Seed Germination Methods
Drying Method
 Place the mango seeds in sunny and airy dry place for
around 3 weeks. Then crack open the seed, to slightly
separate the two halves. Dig a small hole
approximately 8 inches deep in soil and place the seed.
After around 4 weeks, mango seedling is grown.
Soaking Method
 Soaking method, commonly known as paper towel
method, is a fast alternative way for germinating
mangoes. However, it is often suggested not to use
the method in case of limited seeds.
 Take mango seed, and try to break open to remove
kernel. Place the kernel over a wet tissue and cover it
with a box. Keep it moist and observe germination in
1-2 weeks
Care for Mango Plant/Tree
Climate

Cutting of
branches Soil

Caring
Transplant
Nutrients
ation

Pest
Protection Water
 1. CLIMATE
Mangoes is native to the Indo-myanmarian
area. Mangos grow in hot and humid tropics.
So for such conditions should be maintained
for growing them. In cooler areas, mangos
can still be grown in containers and brought
indoors during freezing weather.
2. SOIL
Mangoes can be planted in wide variety of
soils. However, loamy and alluvial soil are
well-drained, aerated and rich in organic
matter so ideal for growth. The soil pH range
of 5.5-7.5 is required for mango planting.
 3. NUTRIENTS
Similar to all plants, mango plants also require
basic macronutrients like carbon, nitrogen,
phosphorus etc. and micronutrients like iron, zinc,
sulfur for their growth. All these nutrients are
made available from atmosphere and soil. Best way
is to keep enhancing soil nutrients by manure
4. WATER
Water requirement for mango plant depends on various other
parameters like water holding capacity of soil, whether,
humidity etc. If the seed is sown is grown in ground, make
sure that soil remains wet. However, if seed is sown in pot,
holes for proper drainage and not excess of water. Ideally
once the seed has germinated water is to be given
two to three times a week for the first three to four week. The
water requirement of mango keep on increasing until it
develops to a tree aged 20-25 years.
 5. PEST PROTECTION

Hopper Fruit Fly Mealy Bug Leaf Webber Leaf miner

These are nymphs Bactrocera dorsalis, B. The adult bugs are Orthaga euadrusalis, Tiny caterpillars mine
and adult insects that correctus and B. covered with whitish caterpillars feed on under the dorsal
zonatus females powder and colonize leaf surface making epidemics of tender
suck sap of tender between bark web of tender shoots leaves and feed
parts destroying the punctures outer wall of
mature fruits and lay of tree trunk, young and leaves together within as a result
inflorescence and and feed within.
eggs. On hatching, ,causing flower drop, grayish white blisters
causing fruit drop. affecting fruit set. Pruning of appear on leaves.
the maggots feed on overcrowded and
Bio control agents like fruit pulp. The application of Spraying neem oil can
Mallada boninensis, Beauveria bassiana at overlapping branches help in reducing the
Use of pheromone trap can help control.
Gonatocerus sp. And rate of 2g/litre, 30 cm
Mechanical removal of
damage
fungus, Verticillium can control it. above the ground to
the trunk help to cure. infested webs by leaf
lecanii. web can also be done

Stem Borer
Batocera rufomaculata are
grubs that cause damage to
either to roots or stems by
feeding on bark and make
irregular cavities. It results in
drying of branches.
Metarizium anisopliae or
Beaveria bassianna can be
used to manage the pest
population.
5. PEST PROTECTION
Shoot Borer
Chlumetia transversa larvae
bore into young tender leaves.
Then hatched caterpillar bore
into mid rib resulting in
dropping of leaves and wilting
of terminal shoots.
Plant extracts of garlic and
chili dissolved in water can
reduce shoot borer infestation.
Stone Weevil
Weevils on hatching bore
through the pulp, feed on seed
coat and later damage the
cotyledons. The pulp adjacent
to the affected stone is seen
discolored when the fruit is
cut open.
Rhizoglyphus sp. (mite) and
Aspergillus sp (fungus) act as
biocontrol agents.
Termides
Termites are white in colour,
shy to light and remain
underground. They feed on
root or move upward making
the tunnels. They feed on the
bark of the trunks.
Spraying chuna (lime) half a
meter of the trunk and on root
can help in control.
 6. TRANSPLANTATION 7. CUTTING OF BRANCHES

In case the mango plant was growing in pot and now grown Mango trees are terminal bearers. So its necessary to see
up big enough to plant on soil. The mango tree requires 5- through that the trees grows laterally more than being
10 years to grow to a tree and bear fruits. So, for growing vertically along the tip.
transplanting, use of narrow trowel can easy the process.
The transplantation should be with minimum damage to
root system. Best time for transplanting can be in evening
at 4 so that plant can settle overnight before getting
exposed to light.
In case no space, preparing a Bonsai can be an alternative.
 Mango Cultivation
Mango trees ideally should be
cultivating by placing the plants at a
distance of 10m each. If the area is
more humid 12m is preferred due to
more chances of tree to grow.
However, to increase yield some
dwarf varieties of mango trees can
be grown at distances of 5m or even
2.5m spacing's. Few crops like
legumes, fruits like guava, plum,
peach etc. can also be grown in
between the spacing's for extra
source of income.

However, it should be taken care that

separate nutritional requirements
and water is to be given for crops
and mango trees.
 Mango Netting
Netting is one way to protect your fruit from hungry birds and squirrels while still allowing light
and air into the tree's canopy. Sometimes, nets are only placed only at the bottom, so that fruits
get collected in the net, and also other organisms like birds can have access to trees.
Harvesting Mango Fruits
TOOLS FOR PLUCKING The fruits can be plucked out unripen or ripened. These
fruits are consumed directly. Also different types of
Telescopic Pruner delicacies are made out of mango. Eating mango
• It is a tool having long arm and a clamp at the improve digestion, boost immunity and maintain healthy
end. The tool is used to luck fruits and flowers heart.
from the trees. The clamp comes in contact
with twig of fruit and closes which helps in
plucking.

Metal Fruit Picker

• These are metal cage like tools which get
attached to the long arm and many mangoes
can be collected in it at a time.

Net Fruit Picker

• This tool is similar to the metal fruit picker
however the material used here is either
plastic or nylon net
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