ILOCANO PARATIGNAY : KONTEMPORANEO A

DIKSIONARIO

HARTWELL NORMAN M. MERZA

CHRISTIAN RYAN B. BAUTISTA
GRACE FESTIKEN
ALEXANDER JULIO
MAERINESE LIBUIT
LEVI JETHRO N. BALGUA
AUBREY ROSE R. MAGNO
DENNILYN E. PANGILINAN

Adal [a-dal]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) studying in school

(2) (the act of) learning
(3) (the act of) accumulating knowledge

Synonym: agbasa, ageskwela

Sentence: Agadal ak ti abogasya.
Apal [a-pal]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) being envious of someone’s success or fortune
(2) (the act of) being jealous of someone’s trait
(3) (the act of) longing for something you do not have

Synonym: ambing
Sentence: Dakes ti managapal nga tao.

Arem [a-rem]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) courting a person (usually a girl)

(2) (the act of) pursuing someone
(3) (the act of) showing motive towards a love interest

Synonym: aggayat
Sentence: Mabalin ti umarem ading?

Awat [a-wat]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) understanding a thought or idea

(2) (the act of) receiving
(3) (the act of) accepting

Synonym: taros, iggem

Sentence: Naawatak ti kayat na nga saoen.

Awit [a-wit]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) carrying something

(2) (the act of) holding
(3) (the act of) bringing

Synonym: bitbit, iggem

Sentence: Nadagsen diay awit na nga nagawid.
Abungot [a-bu-ngot]. verb

Meaning: (1) to cover one’s head or eyes (with a handkerchief, a

bandana, etc.).
Sentence: Agabungot ka ket agar-arbis.
(Cover your head (with a bandana or any piece of cloth) for it
is drizzling.)

Abbat [ab-bat]. verb

Meaning: (1) to let the water or liquid (of what one is cooking)
evaporate,
(2) to allow to dry up by steaming

Sentence:
Saan mo nga abbatan dayta lutlutoem.
(Don’t let the liquid of what you are cooking evaporate.)

Agis [a-gis]. verb

Meaning: (1) to make narrower or less wide, to remove part of along

lengthwise edge(s).
(2) to cut or remove part of along lengthwise edge(s).

Sentence:
1. Agisam ta table ta akaba unay.
(Make that board narrower for it is very wide.)
2. Dua nga porgada ti agisem dita tabla.
(Remove two inches from the lengthwise edge(s) of that table.)

Agum [a-gum]. verb

Meaning: (1) to covet, desire, crave, long for.

(2) covetous, greedy
Sentence:
1. Saan mo nga aguman ti saan mo nga kukua.
(Don’t covet what is not yours.)
2. Bimmallaet ti tao nga naagum. (The greedy person interfered.)

Akem [a-kem]. Verb

Meaning: (1) to take charge of, be in charge of, be responsible for, take
the obligation of

Sentence:
1. Isu ti nagakem ti daytoy nga pabuya. (He took charge of this show.)
2. Saan mo nga akmen no dimo kabaelan.
(Don’t take charge of (it) if you cannot do (it).)

Baddek [bad-dek]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) stepping on something

(2) (the act of) standing on your feet
(3) (the act of) crushing

Synonym: payat, takder

Sentence: Nabaddekan na diay nagalis nga dalan.
Bikwer [bik-wer]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) maneuvering (usually a vehicle)

(2) (the act of) making a sharp turn
(3) (the act of) drifting

Synonym: maniobra, agkillo

Sentence: Napegges nga nagbikwer diay lugan.

Bisngay [bis-ngay]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) parting someone’s hairline

(2) (the act of) dividing
(3) (the act of) splitting something

Synonym: bingay
Sentence: Napegges nga nagbisngay ti buok na bago immalis.

Bugtak [bug-tak]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) scaring someone

(2) (the act of) threatening someone
(3) (the act of) causing someone to be surprised

Synonym: kigtot, butengen

Sentence: Binugtak na diay ubing.

Buryaw [bur-yaw]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) shouting

(2) (the act of) yelling
(3) (the act of) forcing out loud sounds

Synonym: ikkis
Sentence: Nagburyaw ni Nena idi nakakita ti uleg.
D

Danon [da-non]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) reaching destination

(2) (the act of) arriving somewhere
(3) (the act of) ending one’s journey

Synonym: sangpet, sangbay, dumteng

Sentence: Nadanonen ti papanan na.

Dulok [dul-ok]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) vomiting due to a bad smell
(2) (the act of) throwing up because of motion sickness
(3) (the act of) barfing

Synonym: nagsarwa, nagbakwar

Sentence: Nagdulok ti ikinaadayo ti biyahe.

Dumket [dum-ket]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) touching something

(2) (the act of) getting close
(3) (the act of) sticking together

Synonym: asideg, kaabay,

Sentence: Dumket nga dagos ti rugit ti puraw a kawes.

Duron [du-ron]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) pushing something

(2) (the act of) exerting effort to move something forward
(3) (the act of) shoving

Synonym: dupir
Sentence: Iduron mo man dayta ridaw.

Dusag [du-sag]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) hitting something with the elbow
(2) (the act of) hurting someone using one’s elbow
(3) (the act of) assaulting someone with the use of elbow

Synonym: sikil
Sentence: Dinusag na diay kalaban na ti basketbol.
E

Ebkas [eb-kas]. verb

Meaning: to say, pronounce, utter, express,state.
Sentence: /MANGI-/ Isuna ti mangi-ebkas ti panggep na.

Emmak [em-mak]. verb

Meaning: to bleat, moo or low
Sentence: /AG-/ Apay nga agemmak diay baka?
Ep-ep [ep-ep]. verb
Meaning: to mitigate, repress, check.
Sentence: /NAG-/ Daytoy ti agas nga nag-ep-ep ti sakit ti ngipen ko.

Es-es [es-es]. verb

Meaning: to put together, to contract.
Sentence: /AG-/ Alaem dagitoy naurnong nga bat-bato, saka ages-es ket
makaaramid ka iti rama.

Ergo [er-go]. verb

Meaning: to argue, to dispute with each other, to debate.
Sentence: /-AG/ Apay nga agergo kayo? /-EN/ with (someone). Apay nga
ergoen nak?

Eppaaw [ep-pa-aw]. verb

Meaning: the act of decreasing, subsiding
Sentence: /-AG/ Ag-eppaaw data karga na a danom no lukwasam ta galot
na.

Eppeg [ep-peg]. verb

Meaning: the act of apportioning, dividing equally
Sentence: /-EN/ Masapol eppegen tay a nalaing dagitoy tawid a daga.
G

Gabsoon [Gab-so-on]. Verb

Meaning: (1) to heap
(2) pile up
Synonym: (1) ibunton
Sentence: In gabsoon ni tatang jay pinuted na nga kayo ijay asideg ti
dalikan.

Gabut [Ga-but]. Verb

Meaning: (1) to pull up
(2) to up root
(3) to extract
Synonym: (1) Guyoden (2) Paruten (3) Pag-uten
Sentence: Narigat nga ag-gabut iti ruot nga ipakan iti nuwang ni tatang
ko.
Gaed [Ga-ed]. Verb

Meaning: (1) to do eagerly

(2) to make things seriously and diligently
Synonym: (1) Nagagar (2) Nagaget (3) Nasaem
Sentence: I gaed mo iti agadal.

Gagar [Ga-gar]. Verb

Meaning: (1) to wish or desire strongly
(2) to crave
Synonym: (1) tarigagay (2) panggepen
Sentence: Gagar na iti makaturpos ti pinagadal na.

Galip [Ga-lip]. Verb

Meaning: (1) to slice
(2) cut into slices
Synonym: (1) iwaen (2) putuden
Sentence: Naingpis kanu ti galip na dayta patatas, isu ti bilin ni nanang.

Gamud [Ga-mud]. Verb

Meaning: (1) to bewitch
(2) to affect injuriously by witchcraft
Synonym: (1) agsalamanka
Sentence: Napigsa kanu ti gamud nu aldaw iti Martes ken Biyernes.

Gapas [Ga-pas]. Verb

Meaning: to harvest rice by cutting the upper part of
the stalks
Synonym: (1) Panagani ti pagay
Sentence: Agrugi iti gapas nu bulan iti Setyembre.

Gabay [ga-bay]. verb

Meaning: (1). to be late or tardy

Sentence:
1. Idardaras mo ti agrubbuat tapno ditay magabay.
(Get dressed in a hurry so that we won’t be late.)
Gamolo [ga-mo-lo]. verb

Meaning:
(1) to turn over, to turn to the other side
(2) to manage, take charge of, be responsible for

Sentence:
1. Saan mo nga gamoloen dayta ikan. (Don’t turn over that fish.)
2. Isu ti naggamolo ti sagana mi ti piesta.
(It was he whotook charge of our preparation for the festival.)

Gabsoon [gab-so-on]. verb

Meaning: (1) to heap, pile up.

Sentence: Saan mo nga gabsoonen ti basura dita.

(Don’t pile up the rubbish there.)

Gabur [ga-bur]. verb

Meaning: (1) to fill up, cover, dump something on or into

Sentence: Saan mo nga gaburan dayta kinalik nga abut.

(Don’t fill up that hole which I dug.)

Gapagap [ga-pa-gap]. verb

Meaning: (1) to cut into thin slices with a knife

moving it as though using a saw

Sentence: Gapagaem dayta nambaan.

(Cut that banana trunk into thin slices.)
H

Harbat [har-bat]. Verb

Meaning: (1) the act of snatching something
(2) the action of taking something with force or without
permission

Synonym: (1) Panagsamsam (2) Alaen babaen puersa

Sentence: In-harbat ni Juanita jay bag ni Joy.

Hold-ap [hold-ap]. Verb

Meaning: (1) the forcible taking away of an individual’s property

Synonym: (1) Panangala iti sanikua

Sentence: Uso iti hold-ap nu bulan iti gawat.
Huego [hue-go]. Verb
Meaning: (1) the act of matching
(2) the act of pairing

Synonym: (1) Panagtunos (2) Panagparis

Sentence: Narigat ti ag-huego iti bulong tabako lalo nu jay kinapintas ken
atiddog na ti kitaen.

I
Ibbat [Ib-bat]. Verb
Meaning: (1) to stop holding onto something with the
hand/hands
(2) to release one’s hold of
(3) to let go
(4) fall
Synonym: (1) Tenggel
Sentence: Nasakit ti ibbat iti saO na idi pinanawan isuna tay asawa na.

Ibit [I-bit]. Verb

Meaning: (1) cry
(2) whimper
(3) weep
Synonym: (1) sangit
Sentence: Napigsa iti ibit na jay baket nga natayan iti nank na.

Ibtur [Ib-tur]. Verb

Meaning: (1) tolerate
(2) endure
 (3) bear
(4) withstand
Synonym: (1) anus (2) baklayen
Sentence: Napakaro iti ibtur nan tay sakit na nga kanser.

Igup [I-gup]. Verb

Meaning: (1) sip, suck
(2) draw liquid into the mouth by sucking
and/or by letting the liquid flow into it
Synonym: (1) supsupen
Sentence: Naimas ti ag-igup iti napudot nga sabaw nu pinagtutudo.

Ilot [I-lot]. Verb

Meaning: (1) rub
(2) massage
Synonym: (1) masahe (2) aprusan
Sentence: Napintas ti ilot n ani Manang Emma ditoy bagik.

Inum [I-num]. Verb

Meaning: (1) to drink
(2) to drink alcoholic beverages
Synonym: (1) bartek
Sentence: Kanayon ti inum ni Jose ti arak.

Ited [I-ted]. Verb

Meaning: (1) to give,
(2) grant(something)
(3) to confer, bestow(something)
Synonym: (1) ipalubos
Sentence: Saanna kayat nga ited diay kuarta ken baket na.
K

Kaan [ka-an]. verb

Meaning: to eat, feed on (something).
Sentence: /AG-/ Masapol agkaan kayo kadagiti naidasar tatno awan iti
maibelleng a taraon.

Kaad [ka-ad]. verb

Meaning: the act of giving caution (to someone), the act of giving advance
notice
Sentence: /AG-/ Nu saan nga sumrek iti trabajo, ikaad mo ti saad mo iti
mangiturong (manager).

Kabakab [ka-ba-kab]. verb

Meaning: the act of digging up
Sentence: /I-/ Tunggal agapa ta, kanayon mo ikabakab dagiti naglabas mo.
Kabat [ka-bat]. verb
Meaning: the act of bundling up, the act of packing
Sentence: /AGI-/ No saan yon a suruten iti paganuruten iti balay, rugyan yon
iti agi-kabat ti lupot yo.

Kabil [ka-bil]. verb

Meaning: to punish or maltreat someone.
Sentence: Kabilen ka no di nak nga patien..

Kabukab [ka-bu-kab]. verb

Meaning: to grit, gnash, grind the teeth.
Sentence: /AG-/ Apay nga agkabkabukab ka?

Kabul [ka-bul]. verb

Meaning: to masticate or chew food slowly and with difficulty, as a
toothless person.
Sentence: /AG-/ Agkabulkabul ni lelang na.

Kadas [kad-as]. verb

Meaning: to sweep away the dirt off or on.
Sentence: /NANG-/ Isuti nangkadas diay datar.
Kadkad [kad-kad]. verb
Meaning: to remove or rake off the ashes (of the stove).
Sentence: /-AN/ Kadkadan nga umuna dayta dalikan. - Remove first the
ashes of the stove.

Kagkag [kag-kag]. verb

Meaning: to shake or beat vigorously as to remove dirt or something
else.
Sentence: /I-/ Ikagkag mo dayta labba.

L
Labak [la-bak]. verb

Meaning: (1) the act hitting the buttocks with the palm
(2) the action of slapping a the buttocks with a flat object (or
rolled objects that produces a ‘bak’ sound).
Sentence: Nalabak ti burarawit a kawayan tay ubing a nabangad.

Lagum [la-gum]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) giving

(2) (the act of) gifting
(3) (the act of) serving
(4) (the act of) offering
(5) (the act of) bestowing

Synonym: daton, diaya, dulot, parabur, parangkap

Sentence: Dagiti nagannak ni Fr. Gary ket inlagumda isu tapo agbalin a padi.

Lantip [lan-tip]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) coming together

(2) (the act of) uniting
(3) (the act of) coming into (something)
(4) (the act of) coming into a union (as in marriage)
Synonym: (1) kammayet (2) kammaysa
Sentence: Ti pamilya Pilipino no madanun ti Pascua adda lantip a
maaramid.

Lingling [ling-ling]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) procrastinating

(2) (the act of) staying
(3) (the act of) delaying
(4) (the act of) postponing
(5) (the act of) deferring (6) (the act of) putting off.
Sentence: Dagiti dadduma nga makautang liklikanda ti agpammarang, ta
ilinglingda ti agbayad.

Lugod [lu-god]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) allowing

(2) (the act of) permitting
(3) (the act of) consenting
(4) (the act of) giving one’s assent
(5) (the act of) agreeing (6) (the act of) confirming

Synonym: palugodan
Sentence: Inikkam ba ti anakmo ti lugod tapno makikallaysan (agkasar)?

M
Maldit [mal-dit]. Verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) publishing

(2) (the act of) printing
(3) (the act of) producing books, newspapers, and other
reading materials through a mechanical process involving a
printing machinery

Synonym: depel, warnak, publikasion, printa

Sentence: (1) Inmaldit ni Jesus ti nagan ko idiay uneg ti puso na.
(2) Iti umuna nga pannaka imaldit iti “Noli Me Tangere” ket
agdayup nga duwwa nga ribo a kopya.
Mameg [ma-meg]. Verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) pressing down

(2) (the act of) crushing
(3) (the act of) holding down
(4) (the act of) pressing firmly
(5) (the act of) overburdening

Synonym: mamek
Sentence: Nakaro unay ti panangimameg ni Oger iti kinalaban na.

Manehir [ma-ne-hir]. Verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) managing

(2) (the act of) administering
(3) (the act of) taking charge
(4) (the act of) maintaining control, supervision and influence.

Sentence: Ti nangimanehir ti panagadal na tapno makaturpos ket da nanang

ken tatang na.

Mangngamangnga [mang-nga-mang-nga]. Verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) reflecting

(2) (the act of) meditating
(3) (the act of) contemplating
(4) (the act of) thinking about something

Synonym: menna
Sentence: Nabayagen nga haan ko naaramid iti mangngamangnga idiay uneg
ti Monasterio.

Mutmot [mut-mot]. Verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) comprehending properly

(2) (the act of) understanding in-depth
(3) (the act of) getting to the bottom of things
(4) (the act of) being able to connect the dots
(5) (the act of) seeing the details and the connection of these
details
(6) (the act of) fathoming

Synonym: awat
Sentence: Namutmotan metla kadi ta binasam nga libro?
Madi [ma-di]. verb

Meaning: (1) not to like or want (to do something), to refuse (to do

something)
(2) not to like or want (someone or something), to refuse
(someone or something)

/AG-/ to refuse (to do something), to back out (from doing

something). --var. ADI. --see also INDIAK, MANDIAK.
adj. not appropriate, not proper, not nice, not good, not
decent. Madi dayta nga aramid. That action is not decent.

Sentence:
1. Madi mangan diay billit. (The bird refuses to eat)
2. Madim dayta? (Don’t you like that?)

Marismaris [maris-maris]. verb

Meaning: (1) to be iridescent, to display a variety of colors

Sentence: Agmarismaris diay bado na. (Her dress is iridescent.)

Masngaad [mas-nga-ad]. verb

Meaning: (1) to squat, sit down on one’s hams and heels

Sentence: Dika nga agmasngad. (Don’t squat.)

Mayeng [ma-yeng]. verb

Meaning:
(1) to stare blankly
(2) to become enraptured, engrossed, absorbed with
 something.

Sentence: Ahan nak mayengan iti kasta! (Don’t stare me like that!)

Mesmes [mes-mes]. verb

Meaning: (1) to grasp firmly, to seize tightly

Sentence: Saan nak nga mesmesan. (Don’t grasp me firmly.)

N
Nabnab [nab-nab]. Verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) inundating

(2) (the act of) flooding
(3) (the act of) water overflowing
(4) (the act of) deluging
(5) (the act of) swamping

Synonym: lippias, layus

Sentence: No agsakdo ka haan mo nga pagnabnaben ti danom ta timba, ta
sayang.

Napnap [nap-nap]. Verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) spreading

(2) (the act of) broadcasting
(3) (the act of) scattering
(4) (the act of) strewing
(5) (the act of) littering
(6) (the act of) tossing
(7) (the act of) dispersing

Synonym: salnap
Sentence: Salwadam iti agnapnap ti damdamag nga saan a pudno.

Nemnem [nem-nem]. Verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) tending of one’s emotional pains
(2) (the act of) nurturing ill feelings (in the hope of getting
healed)
(3) (the act of) caring for one’s hard feelings (in order to
stabilized psychic constitution)

Synonym: sanaang
Sentence: No ibagam iti parikot mo, manemnem ta riknam ket matulungan
da ka mangsolber.

Nugot [nu-got]. Verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) apportioning

(2) (the act of) dividing equally
(3) (the act of) allotting
(4) (the act of) dividing and allocating (as share)
(5) (the act of) distributing (6) (the act of) parcelling out.

Sentence: Idi ubbing kami inggana ita nalaing ni nanay ko nga agnugot tay
taraon a bassit.

Numar [nu-mar]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) benefitting

(2) (the act of) having the advantages, perks, or profit
(3) (the act of) gaining (for one’s own benefit

Synonym: benefisio, tubo, remunerar.

Sentence: Idi aglaklako ak pay ti sweepstakes pasaray mi dadduma bassit iti
maalak nga numar ko.

Nebneb [neb-neb]. verb

Meaning:
(1) to push or drive in deeply, to cause to sink deeply
(2) to be pushed or driven deeply.

Sentence: Saan mo nga inebneb dayta lansa dita kayo.

 (Don’t drive that nail deeply in the wood.)

Nagsanget [nag-sanget]. verb

Meaning: (1) cried

Sentence: Nagsanget jai ubbing.
(The baby cried)

Nurnor [nur-nor]. verb

Meaning: (1) to do or follow unswervingly

Sentence: Nurnoren tayo daytoy dalan nga agpadaya.

(Let us follow unswervingly this road that goes to the east.)

Ngasib [nga-sib]. verb

Meaning: (1) the jaws to cease from action or motion

Sentence: Uray la nga agngasib ni Rosa ti lam-ek na.

(It was so cold Rose’s jaw ceased to move.)

Ngenngen [ngen-ngen]. verb

Meaning: (1) to grow bigger, spread

(2) to become worse

Sentence:
1. Ngumenngen ti apoy diay dalikan.
(The fire in the stove will grow bigger.)
2. Ngimmenngen ti sakit ni Ana.
(Ann’s sickness became worse.)
NG

Ngadal [nga-dal]. Verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) stuttering

(2) (the act of) stammering
(3) (the act of) missing a syllable when speaking
(4) (the act of) involuntary repeating sounds and having
unnecessary pauses when speaking

Synonym: annawil, annawir, at-at, atel, attaet, bede, baed, bannayabad,

dikobado, eng-eng, katat, mara mutal, ngadas, simbalud, tabbed, tatel,
tunga.

Sentence: Idi makitak tay pasyente ket agngadal metten, nakigtot ak pay.

Ngadas [nga-das]. Verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) stuttering

(2) (the act of) stammering
(3) (the act of) missing a syllable when speaking
(4) (the act of) involuntary repeating sounds and having
unnecessary pauses when speaking

Synonym: annawil, annawir, at-at, atel, attaet, bede, baed, bannayabad,

dikobado, eng-eng, katat, mara mutal, ngadas, simbalud, tabbed, tatel,
tunga.

Sentence: Basaem nga naimbag, haan ka agngadas.

Ngayemngem [nga-yem-ngem]. Verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) mumbling (in the reaction to annoyance
irritation, or vexation)
(2) (the act of) muttering
(3) (the act of) murmuring
(4) an indistinct but continuous utterance
(5) a muttering

Synonym: danengdeng, dayengdeng, nganemngem, ngemngem, talimitim,

talumitim, tanabutob, tanamitim, tarabutod.

Sentence: Gapu iti rurod na, agngayngayemngem nga nagawid tay balasang.

Ngiret [ngir-et]. Verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) gnashing the teeth

(2) (the act of) rubbing the teeth together
(3) (the act of) grinding the teeth
(4) (the act of) gritting the teeth.

Synonym: ngariet
Sentence: Napadas mo kadin iti nagngiret gapu iti rurod mo iti maysa a tao?

Nguya [nguy-a]. verb

Meaning: (1)
(the act of) gasping for a last breath (before dying)
(2)
(the act of) struggling before dying
(3)
(the act of) panting (for breath)
(4)
(the act of) agonizing (to escape death)
(5)
(the act of) resisting death
(6)
fig. (the act of) struggling against wretchedness, or against
the inanity of life.
Sentence: Kabuteng ko iti makakita iti agnguya nga masakit.
O

Observar [ob-ser-var] verb

Meaning: the act of taking notice carefully to gather information

needed.
Sentence: /-AM/ Kasapulan nga observaram iti naispirituan a biagmo. –
There is a need to observe your spiritual life.

Ofresar [of-re-sar] verb

Meaning: the act of offering, the act of presenting

Sentence: /I-/Iofresar mo iti biag mo a kas nabiag ken nasantoan a datun iti
Dios. You have to offer your life holy and as living sacrifice.

Okupar [o-ku-par] verb

Meaning: the act of having control of a place, act of residing in a place

Sentence: /-AN/ Okuparan ti bisita data maysa a salinong. – The visitors will
occupy one of the houses.

Oprimir [op-ri-mir] verb

Meaning: act of causing someone to be treated unfairly, act of
keeping someone in a distressed situation.
Sentence: Naoprimir iti maysa a tao gapu iti maris ti kudil na. – The person
has been oppressed because of the color of his skin.

Optimisar [op-ti-mi-sar] verb

Meaning: the act of making the best of a situation.

Sentence: /-EM/ Optimisarem data kompyuter, tatnu pumartak ken
dumakkel ti memoria na. - Optimize your computer for speed and memory.

Organisar [or-ga-ni-sar] verb

Meaning: the act of putting together all the constitutive elements of

something (to form something bigger)
Sentence: /AG-/ Ada ti karbengan dagiti mannursuro nga agorganisar ti
programa. Teachers have the right to organize a program.

Opera [o-pe-ra].verb
Meaning: (1) to operate on

Sentence: Operaen diay doktor ta apendisitis mo.

(The doctor will operate on your appendix.)

Orasion [o-ra-sion]. verb

Meaning: (1) to ring the bell to announce the time for the Angelus.
Sentence:
Ag-orasion kami damdama.
(We will be having prayer later.)

Ornosen [or-nosen] verb

Meaning: (1) put (things) in a neat, attractive, or required order

(1) organize or make plans for (a future event)

Sentence: Ornesem man jai gamit mo.

(Please organize your things.)

Osaren [osar-en] verb

Meaning: (1) to use (things)

Sentence: Osaren da jai gamit.

(They will use your things)

Ongkaten [ongkaten] verb

Meaning: (1) to open all (things and situation)

Sentence: Ahan mo ongkaten ti napasamaken.

(Don’t open all situations which is private and already
happened.)

P
Padasen [pa-da-sen]. Verb

Meaning: (1) make an effort to achieve or complete

(something, typically a difficult task or action)

Sentence: Inka padasen ti aglako.

Paglikudan [pag-li-ku-dan]. Verb

Meaning: (1) state that one refuses to admit the truth or existence of
(2) refuse to give or grant (something requested or desired) to
(someone)

Sentence: Paglikudan na diay inaramid na.

Paltogan [pal-to-gan]. verb

Meaning: (1) to hit with a gun

Sentence: Kayat mo ta paltagon ka?

Pugtoan [pug-to-an]. verb

Meaning: (1) estimate or suppose (something) without sufficient

information to be sure of being correct

Sentence: Haan ko kayat nga pugtoan ti sungbat na.

Pumanaw [pu-ma-naw]. verb

Meaning: (1) to go away from

(2) to depart

Sentence: Ibagam kenni Manang mo, pumanaw.

R

Raot [ra-ot]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) assaulting or attacking something or someone

(2) (the act of) invading one’s territory
(3) (the act of) raiding a property

Synonym: (1) gubaten (2) atakien

Sentence: Naraot dagiti kakadwak a pulis didiay bantay idi kalman.
My co-policemen were attacked in the mountains yesterday.

Rarem [ra-rem]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) dipping something/someone to a deep water

(2) (the act of) immersing/submerging
(3) (the act of) soaking into the water

Synonym: (1) ilemmes (2) iparareb (3) ibabad (4) isawsaw

Sentence: Mapan ka man irarem diay ilog dagitoy narugit nga bado.
Soak these dirty clothes into the river.

Rayray [ray-ray]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) lighting something brightly

(2) (the act of) setting someone or something on fire
(3) (the act of) illuminating

Synonym: (1) gangatan (2) silawan (3) puoran

Sentence: Umay ka ta rayray-an ta dagitoy namaga nga bul-bulong.
Come, let us burn this pile of dried leaves.
Rebba [reb-ba]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) tearing down

(2) (the act of) destroying/ruining
(3) (the act of) demolishing
(4) (the act of) annihilating

Synonym: (1) dadaelen, (2) tibbag(en), (3) parba(en)

Sentence: Nirebba ni Kapitan Polong dagiti balbalay diay igid karsada.
Captain Polong demolished the houses near the road.

Rekomenda [re-ko-men-da]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) recommending

(2) (the act of) endorsing
(3) (the act of) suggesting
(4) (the act of) supporting
(5) (the act of) advocating

Synonym: (1) ikalikagum, (2) endorso, (3) suportaran

Sentence: Sino iti irekomendam nga agisuro kadagiti ubbing?
Who will you recommend to teach the children?
S

Sabat [sa-bat]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) meeting someone

(2) (the act of) stumbling upon someone/something

Synonym: (1) nasalubong (2) narnaan (3) nakita

Sentence: Nasabat ko ni Mrs. Lopez, maysa a nalaing nga maestra ditoy
barangay.
I met Mrs. Lopes, a good teacher in the barangay.

Sagana [sa-ga-na]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) preparing, readying oneself

(2) (the act of) planning
(3) (the act of) arranging or putting together
(4) (the act of) making provisions

Synonym: (1) ihanda (2) ipripara (3) iplano (4) ipakna (5) isadya
Sentence: Isagana yu iti regalo yu para amin nga inanak yu daytoy umay nga
Paskua.
Prepare your gifts for your godchildren this coming Christmas.

Sagat [sa-gat]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) filtering something

(2) (the act of) straining or sifting
(3) (the act of) purifying
(4) (the act of) sieving

Synonym: (1) sapiten (2) siiten

Sentence: Sinagat ni Tatang ko diay gitta ti niyog.
My father sieved the coconut milk.
Sagpat [sag-pat]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) climbing

(2) (the act of) going up
(3) (the act of) clawing one’s way

Synonym: (1) umuli (2) ngumato (3) kumalay-at

Sentence: Sinagpat dagiti babbaro diay sangkangatwan nga bantay.
The boys climbed the highest mountain.

Saludsod [sa-lud-sod]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) asking/posing a question

(2) (the act of) conducting an inquiry
(3) (the act of) investigating, probing
(4) (the act of) requesting information

Synonym: (1) damagen, (2) imbestiga, (3) palutpoten

Sentence: Saludsodem nu papanan ni Lito madamdama.
Ask where Lito is going later.

T
Tagbat [tag-bat]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) cutting or hacking with a big knife
(2) (the act of) chopping or slashing

Synonym: (1) tadtaden (2) pisien (3) gupongen

Sentence: Tinagbat ni Tatang ko diay uleg nga nasarakan na didiay kwartok.
My father hacked the snake he found in my room.

Taltal [tal-tal]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) crushing something (as in a concrete object)
(2) (the act of) beating or trampling or smashing

Synonym: (1) rumeken (2) pulbusen (3) pang-oren (4) bauten

Sentence: Nataltal ko diay imak idi inlansak diay tugaw.
I smashed my hand when I nailed the chair.

Talyaw [tal-yaw]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) of looking back (by turning the head)

Synonym: (1) kitaen

Sentence: Tinalyaw ko diay luma nga balay mi idi linmabas ak .
I looked back at our old house when I passed by.

Tapwak [tap-wak]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) jumping down or leaping off

Synonym: (1) lumagto
Sentence: Nakigtotak diay nakitak nga aso isunga timpwak ak.
I was surprised when I saw the dog so I jumped off.

Tayab [ta-yab]. verb

Meaning: (1) (the act of) flying

(2) (the act of) gliding
(3) (the act of) flapping

Synonym: (1) aguyas (2) agpangato (3) kumalay-at

Sentence: Nakitak nga tinmayab dagiti bil-lit idiay sanga ti kayo.
I saw the birds flew to the branch of a tree.

U
Unaen [u-na-en]. Verb

Meaning: (1) prioritize/designate or treat (something) as more important

than other things

Synonym: ipangruna

Sentence: Unaen nak koma met haan laeng nga puro isuna.

Umuli [u-mu-li]. Verb

Meaning: (1) climb

Synonym: ngumato

Sentence: Umuli ka man diay kayo ti manga.

Uramen [u-ra-men]. Verb

Meaning: (1) set on fire

Synonym: puoran

Sentence: Uramen na met diay bado diay agplanplantsa.

Urayen [u-ra-men]. Verb

Meaning: (1) wait / stay where one is or delay action until a particular time
or until something else happens

Sentence: Urayen dak ta umay nak met sumurot.

Usaren [u-sa-ren]. Verb

Meaning: (1) wait / stay where one is or delay action until a particular time
or until something else happens

Sentence: Usaren yod agita panunot yo. `

Wagsak [wag-sak]. Verb

Meaning: (1) the act of shaking off a cloth, garment to remove excess water
or dirt or moisture

Synonym: wagwag

Sentence: Wakrayem man dayta buok mo.

Wakray [wak-ray]. Verb

Meaning: (1) to let loose, dishevel (hair). adj. loose, disheveled: said of
hair.

Sentence: Wakrayem man dayta buok mo.

Warwaren [war-wa-ren]. Verb

Meaning: (1) to disassemble

Sentence: Masapol nga warwaren na diay tali ti aso nan.

Wayaan [wa-ya-an]. Verb

Meaning: (1) to make clear or to free from any obstruction

Sentence: Wayaan yo dayta dalan.

Wayawayaan [wa-ya-wa-ya-an]. Verb

Meaning: (1) liberate; set (someone) free from a situation, especially

imprisonment or slavery, in which their liberty is severely restricted

Sentence: Wayawayaan tayo iti bagbagi tayo ti mad inga kapanunotan.