Biological in Nature COO TERT eee loli = Asystem in which all work inside the home is either done by women of the Family or organised by them through the domestic helpers. = Women do all the work inside the home such as cooking cleaning etc and Man do all work outside the home.= Literacy rate: $4% women & 76% men this is because parents prefer to ‘spend their resources For thelr boys. - women were paid less than men forthe same job. cruentsputeronovnatecaratertentense one, EEE = There are various reports of harassment exploitation and violence against wenn Patriarchal society ds Feminist movement: EQUITY Women Political RepresentationIn india proportion of women in egisiature has been very low. lected women members in Lok Sabha is 14.26% In 2019, + Elected women member in state assemblies is ess than 5%. = India almost the bottom group of nations in the world in terms of women in Parliament in government. = Cabinets are largely dominated by men even when a women become chief minister or Prime Minister. SOLUTION "SOCIAL DIVISION BASED ON RELIGION 15 NOT UNIVERSAL AS GENDER” cihivationship between religion and politics Gandhi ji: religion can never be separate from politics, He believed that politics must be guided by ethics drawn from religion. Human rights groups argue that most of the victims of communal riots ‘are from minorities So government must take special steps to protect religious minorities Women's movement argue that family laws of all religions discriminate ‘ogainst women so government should change those laws to make them more equitable = Those who held political power must regulate the practice of religion te prevent discrimination and Oppres ects or nat wrong as fng os they teat oll reli Nation is basis on the Idea of RiCommunal politic When Any Political Party Fovour particular Religion agenst another" Geen ‘most common expression of communalism in everyday beliefs Tr involves feeling of superiority of one religion over other religion. ‘A communal mindset often lead to a quest for Political dominance of ‘one's own religious community ‘Majority Community Minority Community dominance separate political unit - Political mobilisation of religious lines is another form of communalism, ‘Most ugly form of communalism is communal violence riot and massacresy.Secularism / secular state = It's refers to the separation of religion from the state ( govt.) ~ It means that state should not discriminate its citizens on the basis of religion. It should neither in courage nor diseourage the followers of any religion. Mire ser cee Cimimne at - There is no official religion of India. - Constitution provide all individual and community's freedom to practice and propagate any religion or not to follow any . - The Constitution prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion . = Constitution allows The state to intervene in the matter of jon in order to ensure equality within religious communities . ~ Secularism is not just an ideology of some parties or persons this idea constitute one of the foundation of our country. Caste inequalities ~ Caste system is an extreme form of occupational division that Passed from one generation to another. ~ Members of same caste group supposed to form a social Community that practice same occupation and marriage within the caste group. ~ It is subject to inhuman practice of untouchability.GRLuCoOan el lukeke Social Constitutional Reforms Change Socio Economic Changes Factor responsible for the breakdown of caste system ~ Social reforms: BR Ambedkar work to establish a society in 8 are absent, leaders like Gandi ~ socio economic changes : ination, growth of edue portant role to change the mi ~ Constitutional change : Constitution of India prohibited any caste-based discrimination . Caste in politics Chow caste vse in politics ) ~ Parties nominate candidate which belongs to the caste of majority in the region ~ Parties and ca tes appeals to the caste sentiment to gain support, ~ Due to universal adult franchise parties give equal importance to lower castes s0 that they can easily win the election.EMU crei Sola lexes eres ~ No constituency in the country has a clear majority of one single caste. ~ No party win the votes of all the voters of a particular caste. ~ Different political parties be put up candidates from same caste where voters have more than one candidate from their caste. = The sitting MPs and MLAs of a loses election in our country this could Not happen if all caste frozen in their political presence. Chow polities use to benefit cast ~ Each caste group tried to become bigger by incorporating neighbouring caste which are earlier excluded from it ~ Various caste groups enter into the collision with the other castes thus enter into a dialogue or negotiation - New kind of caste groups come up in the political arena like backward and forward caste. Caste play different kind of role in politics Negative roles = Politics based on caste identity is not healthy for the democracy - It can divert attention from other important issues like poverty development and corruption Sea CURR Cu ee cd