Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Time Value of Money
Time Value of Money
Example:
Rahim placed RM 1,000 in a saving account earning 8% interest compounded annually.
How much money will he have in the account at the end of 4 years?
Fn = P(1+r)n
F4 = RM 1,000 (1 + 0.08)4
F4 = RM 1,000 (1.3605) = RM 1,360.50
2) Multiple Payment
FV = Future Value
Examples:
Afiq plan to save in an account that pays 10% return per year. He put in RM 20,000 in the
first year, RM 30,000 in the second year and another RM50,000 in the third year. How much
will you have by the end of 10 years.
Example:
Jane wishes to determine the sum of money she will have in her savings account at the end
of 6 years by depositing RM1,000 at the end of each year for the next 6 years. The annual
interest rate is 8%.
Sn = A ((1+r)n - 1) = RM1,000 (7.336)
r = RM 7,336
S6 = RM1,000 ((1+0.08)6 – 1)
0.08
PRESENT VALUE
Example:
Assume that you plan to buy a real investment which is expected to give you an annual cash
inflow of RM10,000 in the first year, RM15,000 in the second year and RM8,000 in the third
year. If you wish to have a rate of return of 15%, what would be your purchase price?
Example:
You require a rate of return of 15% on your investment. You have identified an investment
which will give you a cash inflow of RM30,000 per annum for a period of five years. What is
the present value of you investment? (the present value is actually the price you would pay
for the investment)
p = RM30,000 (1-(1 + 0.15)^-5 / 0.15)
= RM30,000 (3.352)
= RM100,560
DEFINITION OF MONEY FROM CONVENTIONAL
Easy to distinguish
5
and estimate the value
of money
DEFINITION OF MONEY FROM
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
1 2 3 4 5
❖ Based on real sector that is business and trade of goods not in exchange
of monetary values and loans or debts and Shariah scholars allow any
i. This happens when all consumption and production activities take place within a given
time. As such, time is known to be a valuable economic resource and a point of reference.
ii. Another argument put forward which favors the time value of money concept is that it
holds greater merit. But an Islamic perspective, Time value of money does exist. The return
available to the individual saver does not always have to be related to riba-based
transaction.
iii. In the context of Shari‟ah is also established from the fact that Shariah prohibits mutual
exchanges of gold, silver or monetary values except when it is done simultaneously. Within
the context of Islamic finance, the Shari‟ah prohibits the mutual exchange of gold, silver, or
monetary values except when it is done simultaneously and equally.
COMPARISON BETWWEN CONVENTIONAL AND
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
CONVENTIONAL ISLAMIC
Money is a commodity besides medium of Money is NOT a commodity though it is used as a
exchange and store of value. Therefore, it can be medium of exchange and store of value.
sold at a price higher than its face value and it can Therefore, it CANNOT be sold at a price higher
also be rented out than its face value or rented out
Time value is the basis for charging interest on Profit on trade of goods or charging on providing
capital. service is the basis for earning profit
Interest is charged even in case the organization Islamic bank operates based on profit and loss
suffers losses by using bank’s funds. Therefore, it sharing. In case, the businessperson has suffered
is not based on profit and loss sharing. losses, the bank will share these losses based on
the mode of finance used (Mudharaba,
Musharakah).
COMPARISON BETWWEN CONVENTIONAL AND
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
CONVENTIONAL ISLAMIC
While disbursing cash finance, running finance or The execution of agreements for the exchange of
working capital finance, no agreement for goods & services is necessary, while disbursing
exchange of goods & services is made. funds under Murabaha, Salam & Istisnaa
contracts.
Conventional banks use money as a commodity, Islamic banking tends to create link with the real
which leads to inflation. sectors of the economic system by using trade
related activities.
ADVANTAGES OF TIME VALUE OF
MONEY
The concept of time valuation is only applicable in trade
and business of products, not in exchange of money
value and loans or debts
Time value of money is allowed in Islam for the
purposes of valuing assets and their usufruct, but it is
not acceptable for the purposes of any increase in the
principal of loans or debts.
Fulfill the human need directly
Originally signified only the price determination method, called a cost-plus-profit or markup sale, in which
the seller or trader revealed his or her cost and the two parties negotiated a profit margin to add to the cost
as compensation for the trader’s work. Murabahah has evolved to mean both a sale whose price is
determined on a cost -plus basis and that is financed on credit (bay’al-muajjil) or in modern times the
trader role as financier has been taken over the banks.
ISLAMIC
CLIENT SELLER
BANKS
2: ISTISNA FINANCING
INSTRUMENT