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WEB SYSTEMS
AND
TECHNOLOGIES
J O H N PA U L M A N G A M P O

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THE INTERNET

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INTERNET

the Internet is the collection of computers

that can communicate with
one another using TCP/IP over an open,
global communications network.

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BASIC INTERNET
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PROTOCOLS
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A computer communication protocol is a

detailed specification of how communication
between two computers will be carried out
in order to serve some purpose.

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BASIC INTERNET
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PROTOCOLS
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TCP/IP
IP (Internet Protocol)
• the function of IP software is to transfer data from one computer (the
source) to another computer (the destination)
• With IP, messages are broken down into small independent ‘packets’
and are sent between computers via the Internet.
• IP is responsible for ‘routing’ each packet to its correct destination.

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• IP address - each device on the Internet has one or more IP addresses

associated with it
- IP addresses are normally written as a sequence of four decimal
numbers separated by periods

- Each decimal number represents one byte of the IP address.

ex. 192.0.34.166

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PROTOCOLS
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TCP, the Transmission Control Protocol
• a higher-level protocol that extends IP to provide additional
functionality, including reliable communication based on the
concept of a connection.
• TCP takes care of the communication between your application
software (your browser) and your network software
• TCP is responsible for breaking data down into IP packets before
they are sent, and for assembling the packets when they arrive.

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DNS, to edit Master
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DNS(Domain Name Service)
• provides a mechanism for mapping back and forth between IP ad-
dresses and host names.

Hostname/ Domain Name

• provides translation services between IP addresses and friendly
host names
• Internet host names consist of a sequence of labels separated by
dots. The final label in a host name is a top-level domain.
Example:
www.example.com
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Top-level-domain
There are two standard types of top-level domain:
• Generic (such as .com, .edu, .org, and .biz) and
• country-code (such as .ph, .de, .au, and .uk).
URL(Uniform Resource Locator)
• Used to address a document on the Web.
• The name that corresponds to an IP address in the DNS is known as
a URL
Syntax:
scheme://host.domain.country_code:port/path/filename
Example:
http://www.example.com.ph/folder1/path/file.html 9 9
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URL(Uniform Resource Locator)

• Used to address a document on the Web.
• The name that corresponds to an IP address in the DNS is known as
a URL
Syntax:
scheme://host.domain.country_code:port/path/filename
Example:
http://www.example.com.ph/folder1/path/file.html

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World Wide Web

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WWW

In 1989 Tim Berners-Lee created a set of technologies that

allowed information on the Internet to be linked together through the
use of links, or connections in documents.

World Wide Web can be informally defined as the

collection of machines (web servers) on the Internet
that provide information via HTTP, and particularly
those that provide HTML documents.
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HTTP

HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

• HTTP is used for sending requests from a web client (a browser) to a
web server, returning web content (web pages) from the server
back to the client
• The Web browser specifies the details of the required Web
page in a HTTP Request message
• The Web server receives this request and after processing it
completes the operation by returning either the document or an
error in the HTTP Response message

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HTML
Hypertext Markup language

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HTML

HTML(Hypertext Markup language)

• A standardized format for specifying the structure of
a web page.
• Most documents in the web are written in HTML

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HTML

HTML5 is the latest evolution of the standard that

defines HTML. The term represents two different concepts. It
is a new version of the language HTML, with new elements,
attributes, and behaviors, and a larger set of technologies
that allows the building of more diverse and powerful Web
sites and applications.

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HTML

Components
• Elements – a specific component of the page
ex: <i>sample content</i> or <br />
• Tags – sets rule to an element
ex: <u> tag to add underline to all the contents of an element
• Attribute – used to provide additional information about
an elementm in the document
ex: <body bgcolor=“red”>... the attribute bgcolor change the
background color of the body to red
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HTML

Types of elements
Container
• element that requires both opening and close tag
• May have contents
Example: <title>My Page</title>
Empty
• Self closing
• Does not require a content
Example: <br /> 1818
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HTML

HTML Comments
Comments starts with <!-- and ends with -->
Example: <!-- this is a comment -->

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HTML structure
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• <!DOCTYPE html> declaration

defines this document to be HTML5
• <html> element is the root
element of an HTML page
• <head> element contains meta
information about the document
• <title> element specifies a title
for the document
• <body> element contains the
visible page content

2020