Ergonomics in sitting operator

Ergonomics is important in workspace because it can reduce the risk of injuries.

Sitting occupations involve less muscle effort, but that does not exclude individuals from the
risks of injury typically associated with more difficult physical activities. Sitting allows the
muscles to be in a fixed position to support the trunk, neck and shoulders. The blood vessels
in the muscles are compressed by a set working location, limiting the blood flow to the
working muscles right as they need it the most. An insufficient supply of blood accelerates
tiredness and makes the muscles vulnerable to injury. Next, neck and lower back are the
regions usually most affected. This is because of poor body position that will causes fatigue
in the back and neck muscles by slowing the blood supply and puts high tension on the spine,
especially in the low back or neck.

There are ranges within which any healthy individual can find comfortable positions
for each major joint, such as the hips, knees, and elbows. Such positions do not hinder the
breathing or circulation of a person, interfere with the activities of the muscles or impede the
usual functions of the internal organs. As shown in first figure of sitting operated, the level of
foot is lifted to make sure the hip and knee is aligned and parallel to the floor and avoid
crossing legs. This is to allow correct blood circulation within operator legs. Then, back rest
support is important for ergonomic chair where it can help the operator to sit up straight and
avoid slouching. The neck should be in a relaxed and neutral position.

Furthermore, operator’s arm must be parallel to the floor and height of table must able
to be adjust based on level of the arm of operator. The space for displays and controls to be
viewed is bounded in front of the eyes by the perimeter of a partial sphere and cantered in
front of the eyes. The reference height for such displays and controls therefore depends on the
seated operator's eye height and on the posture of his or her trunk and neck. Then, using the
“ear-eye line” that passes through the right ear hole and the junction of the lids of the right
eye in the side view, it is easy to define the posture of the head, although the head is not tilted
to either side where in the front view, the eyes are at the same horizontal level. The pitch
angle P between the ear-eye line and the horizon is about 15°, with the eyes above the height
of the ear and the preferred location for visual targets is 25°-65° below the ear-eye line or
often called as LOSEE angles, with the lower values preferred by most people for close
targets that must be kept in focus. There are major differences in the line of sight 's preferred
angles, most subjects tend to focus on near targets with large LOSEE angles, particularly as
they get older.

However, the ergonomic module proposed is not perfect if one to assume it can solve
ergonomics problems in sitting operator. There are many other factors that need to be
accounted such as operative training. Once the correct settings for the workspace have been
established, it is possible to train new operatives. Setting the right sitting position and the
most suitable working compatibility will provide more control for new operators, making
them more receptive to training methods, which in turn increases trust and minimizes errors.